This is part of my assignment on the health promotion subject

1. OBESITY
Aesthetic Vs Health Problem
In the Elderly
Abdu Nafan Aisul Muhlis
Neptun Code: O8BTXH
MSc in Public Health Universityof Debrecen
Year 2020

2. F i t n e s s G Y M
History of Obesity
• Chronic food
shortage and
malnutrition have
been the scourge of
humankind from the
dawn of history
• The scarcity of
food had led to
connotations that
being fat was
good
• Only in the
latter half of
the nineteenth
century did
being fat
begin to be
stigmatized
for aesthetic
reasons
• in the middle of the
nineteenth century it
was recognized as a
cause of ill health,
• the first decades of
the twentieth century
were its morbid
complications and
increased mortality
documented
• The term “obesity”
does not appear
in the English
language until the
seventeenth (only
as a descriptive
literary term for
excessive fatness
or corpulence)

3. F i t n e s s G Y M
Definition
“Obesity is an unhealthy excess of body fat which
enhances the risk of morbidity and untimely
mortality”
BMI < 18.5  Underweight
BMI 18.5 - 24.9  Normal
BMI 25 – 29.9  Overweight (I)
BMI 30 – 39.9  Obesity (II)
BMI > 40  Extreme Obesity (III)
Measurement :
• Body Mass Index (BMI):
Weight(kg)/Height Squared (m2)
• Waist Circumference (WC):
Men > 40 in; Women > 35 in

4. F i t n e s s G Y M
Obesity in Aesthetic Perspectives
• Over the past few years,
thinness or body perfection has
evolved into a standard of
beauty
(which is considered as an
achievement, a reward for
maintaining a healthy diet and
regular exercise)
• Across cultures and over time,
fatness has been appreciated
quite differently
• Example : Marilyn Monroe, (the
sex symbol of the nineteen
fifties), would be considered
“fat” by present-day standards.
• The present-day Western
female beauty-ideal tends to
be so skinny (it can become
quite unhealthy)
For example, supermodel Kate
Moss has a BMI of around 15
(18.5-24.9 being the normal
range)
• By the media (magazines, adverts
and books) all carrying
photographs of slim and beautiful
models and actresses, this may
have a negative influence on the
body image and self-esteem

5. F i t n e s s G Y M
Body composition and Aging
After the age of 30 years old, there is a progressive decrease in
muscles and bone and an increase in fat mass.
Mortality
Obesity is associated with a higher relative risk of death
Obesity Vs Health
Problem
Co-morbidities or complications associated with obesity
include :
• Diabetes mellitus
• Hypertension
• Coronary artery disease.
• Stroke
• Pulmonary Abnormalities - Obstructive sleep apnoea,
Pickwickian syndrome.
• Osteo-arthritis of the weight bearing joints.
• Reduced fertility.
• Increased risk of accidents.
• Psychological disorders - Feelings of rejection, shame or
depression are common.

6. F i t n e s s G Y M
Obesity Solution for the Elderly
The concept of "lifestyle activity"
encourages people to look for opportunities
everyday to increase energy expenditure, such as:
• Parking the car at the far end of the parking lot.
• Gardening, raking leaves, and mowing the lawn.
• Housework such as cleaning, vacuuming, and dish washing.
• Using stairs and walking whenever possible rather than using elevators,
escalators and moving walks.
• Walking during lunch breaks.
• Using fewer labour saving devices such as remote controls.
• Playing with or baby-sitting toddlers.
Diet Therapy
A succesful diet – induced weight loss
program should have a goal :
8% to 10% reduction in initial body weight by
6 months. Following a calorie – reduced
(calorie deficit – 500 to 1000 kcal/d) but
balance diet that provides 1 to 2 pounds
weight loss a week.
A further treatment is pharmacological or
surgery for certain case of obesity

7. F i t n e s s G Y M
References
A History of Obesity, or How What Was Good Became Ugly and Then Bad Garabed Eknoyan. 2006. the
National Kidney Foundation, Inc. https://www.ackdjournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S1548-
5595%2806%2900106-6
Genomics, obesity and enhancement: moral issues regarding aesthetics and health MAARTJE SCHERMER1.
Genomics, Society and Policy 2008 Vol.4, No.2 pp.36-52
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/1746-5354-4-2-36.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4923953/pdf/main.pdf
Obesity within the Elderly by Roxana Aminbakhsh, as presented within the GWEP
https://www.slideshare.net/SDGWEP/obesity-power-point-2018
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386524/pdf/AJPH.2015.302552.pdf

8. F i t n e s s G Y M
THANK YOU