Oplæg på Vinterinternat 26. og 27. februar på Klarskovgaard Tema: Open Science: Discovery - Impact

1. #dffuvinter15 v/@tullemich

2. Argumentet: ”Den traditionelle definition af sorte huller, som
steder med en veldefineret grænse, hvorfra intet undslipper,
muligvis ikke er en korrekt beskrivelse af fænomenet, idet
definitionen strider mod kvantefysikken. Ifølge Hawkings
teori er grænsen for sorte huller ikke definitiv, men derimod
tilsyneladende, hvilket muliggør, at i princippet hvad som
helst kan komme ud af et sort hul, herunder også
information.”
(Wikipedia: http://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sort_hul)

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Open Science: Ideale om transparens i alle faser af forskningsprocessen
Temaet: Licenser og Open Access berører flere aspekter i faserne:
1. Discovery (adgang til databaser og videnskabelige publikationer/resultater)
2. Analysis (adgang til software, hvad end den er proprietær el. Open Source)
3. Publication (udgivers marked – adgang via licenser el. Open Access)
4. Impact/Assessment (er betinget af forhold i publiceringsfasen)

5. Typer af research workflows:
discovery  impact
Kramer, Bianca; Bosman, Jeroen (2015): 101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication - the
Changing Research Workflow. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1286826
Trends i workflow faser
 sociale discovery tools
 datadreven + crowdsourcede
analyse
 kollaborativ online skrivning
 OA + data publicering
 outreach + unik identifikation
 article level metrics

6. Nye research workflows: discovery  impact
Kramer, Bianca; Bosman, Jeroen (2015): 101 Innovations in Scholarly Communication - the
Changing Research Workflow. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1286826
Majoriteten af forskning

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Stakeholders i Open Science
1. Producenter og konsumenter
• Forskere
• Studerende
• Borgere (citizen science)
2. Leverandører (informationsforsyning)
•Højere uddannelsesinstitutioner
•DFFU-biblioteker (via DEFF)
•Udgivere (forlag og sociale netværk)
3. Bevillingsgivere:
• Forskningsfonde
• Staten (offentlige midler)
Open Access og Licenser fra
brugerperspektivet
Adgang til viden
Betaling for adgang til viden
Krav om adgang til viden (ROI)

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10. Double dipping
“Double dipping arises if a publisher seeks
an unwarrantable increase in revenues by
levying article processing charges (APCs) for
publication in a hybrid journal, while not
providing a proportionate decrease in
subscription costs”.
RLUK: Fair Prices for Article Processing Charges (APCs) in Hybrid
Journals (nov. 2013) http://www.rluk.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/RLUK-stance-
on-double-dipping-Final-November-2013.pdf

11. Forhandlingssammenbrud ml.
Association of Dutch Universities (VSNU) & Elsevier
Prof. Gerard Meijer,
hovedforhandler (VSNU):
“We are willing to pay
publishers for the work
they do, but Elsevier’s
profit margin is
approaching 40 per cent,
and universities have to
do the [editing] work and
pay for it. We aren’t
going to accept it any
longer. I think from the
fact that Elsevier is not
willing to move much,
they simply still don’t
believe it.
“Well, they got us
wrong!
[…] I am a scientist, and
I am going to fight for
the scientists”
Open Access
striden

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Alicia Wise, Elsevier:
”subscriptions and APCs er
”decoupled” […] librarians
are keen to keep the term
double dipping alive [it]
provokes outrage – the kind
of pressure the librarians
need their negotaitaing
partners to feel”

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14. Top 5 key publishers
Forlag – Journals - % af markedet
1. Elsevier - 2655 journals - 15,8 %
2. Springer - 1759 j. - 10,5 %
3. Wiley & Sons - 1484 j. - 8,8 %
4. Taylor & Francis -1446 j. - 8,6 %
5. Sage Publications - 580 j. - 3,4 %
Total ≈ 50 % dominans på
markedet for videnskabelig
tidsskriftspublicering
(Open Science Initiative Working Group, Mapping the Future of
Scholarly Publishing, 1st edition. Seattle: National Science
Communication Institute, January 2015)

15. Top 5 key players (licenser)
141 UK HEI tidsskriftsudgifter (total)
Udvikling (mio. £) : 2010 - 2014
1. Elsevier: 34,9 - 40,5 = 16 %
2. Springer: 7,26 - 8,45 = 16,5 %
3. Wiley & Sons: 13,35 - 16,7 = 25 %
4. Taylor & Francis: 8 - 10,3 = 29 %
5. Sage Publ.: 4,25 – 5,6 = 32, 5 %
Total stigning over 5 år: > 20 %
(Lawson & Meghreblian, 2014)
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1186832
Lawson S and Meghreblian B. Journal subscription expenditure of UK higher education institutions [v2; ref
status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/4v0] F1000Research 2014, 3:274 (doi: 10.12688/f1000research.5706.2)

16. Case: Top 5 publishers
(JISC - APC data fra 20 UK HEI)
Udgiver
Antal APC
2014
Total andel
af antal APC
2014 Indtægt 2014
% of total APC
udgift i 2014
Elsevier 1049 17,30% £ 1.449.301 16, 0 %
Wiley 989 16,30% £ 1.606.031 17, 8 %
Springer 349 5,80% £ 579.630 6,4 %
T & F 311 5,10% £ 477.464 5,3 %
Sage 232 3,80% £ 89.298 1,0 %

17. Björk & Solomon (2014): Developing an effective market for open access article processing charges.
(http://www.wellcome.ac.uk/stellent/groups/corporatesite/@policy_communications/documents/web_document/wtp055910.pdf)
Evidens fra Björk og Solomons undersøgelse:
”price is discouraging uptake of the hybrid
option in contrast to the growth of the market
for fully-OA journals”

18. Total Costs of Publication (TPC) =
Total Subscription Costs + Total APC Costs
Vækst i APC betalinger 2007-2014 (23 UK HEI)
Pinfield, S., Salter J. & Bath, P.A. (2015): The ’total cost of publication ’
in a hybrid open- access environment: Institutional approaches to
funding journal APCs in combination with subscriptions, in: JASIST (In
press). Preprint available: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/81227/
Det samlede økonomiske billede af
licenseomkostninger og OA-publicering
Finch rapport (juni, 2012) –
gylden OA anbefaling
90 % 10 %
Case: Top 5 publishers
1. Elsevier: 94 % - 6 %
2. Wiley & Sons: 89 % - 11 %
3. Springer: 94 % - 6 %
4. T & F: 90 % - 10 %
5. Nature Publishing Group: 85 %-15 %
Konklusion: Double dipping???
Store ’traditionelle’ forlag høster stadigt
største indtægter på både licenser + OA

19. Double dipping
“Double dipping arises if a publisher
seeks an unwarrantable increase in revenues
by levying article processing charges (APCs)
for publication in a hybrid journal, while not
providing a proportionate decrease in
subscription costs”.
RLUK: Fair Prices for Article Processing Charges (APCs) in Hybrid
Journals (nov. 2013) http://www.rluk.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/RLUK-stance-
on-double-dipping-Final-November-2013.pdf
(when)

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DFFU bibliotekernes licensaftaler?
1. Aftalerne: forhandles nationalt for institutionerne
via DEFF Licenser
2. Målsætningen: at skaffe mest mulig relevant
akademisk information til forskere, undervisere
og studerende - under de givne budgetmæssige
rammer for institutionerne.
3. Adgangen til økonomiske data og statistikker
samt aftalegrundlag for DEFF licens-
forhandlinger med forlagene mulig via
institutionelt login til licensdatabasen:
(http://www.deff.dk/licenser/licensdatabasen/)

22. ?

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Hvordan ser TCP-situationen ud herhjemme?
Engelsk og dansk bacon er forskelligt og ikke helt kan
sammenlignes i smag….
…MEN….og her følger en række spørgsmål om
transparens, der involverer flere stakeholders:
1. Er der i DFFU-sektoren et økonomisk incitament til at få et overblik over
denne?
2. Licensforhandling, administration og monitorering af gylden OA -
hvordan kobler vi viden og data om disse aspekter sammen via DEFF og de
lokale Open Access miljøer fremadrettet?
3. Hvordan informerer vi om de aftaler omkring gylden OA vi har (både Deff
samt lokalt forhandlede), så alle OA aktører lokalt har adgang til denne
viden?

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Hvad er ’vores’
best case scenario?
• Ret til selvarkivering af artikler efter 6 mdr.
(STEM) /12 mdr. (SSH) embargo på copy edited
publisher’s version?
• Autoarkivering af hybride og rene OA artikler
fra forlag i PURE?
• Konsortieforhandlede rabatter på APC
samt refusion i licenspriser qua stigende
OA optag?
• Transparens og adgang til APC data ifm.
udgifter på HOA fra forlag til justering af
abonnementspriser?
Open Access Licenser

26. COLLABRA – A new community centric OA journal model
collabraoa.org/how-it-works.php

27. Transparens i biblioteker
Den lille mand VS. Swiss Academic Libraries
Crowdfunding project
Help me to finance an appeal against
the University of Geneva. The university
should make their subscription fees to
Elsevier, Springer and Wiley transparent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nQs3XXJ
WeOU

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• 26.-27.3 – 6. DEFF Online konference
2015: tema om Open Access
• 14.-15.4 - MOA15: Mötesplats Open
Access, Malmö Högskola
• 24.-26.6: LIBER 2015: Open Science,
London, UK
• Uge 46 el. 47 i november 2015 –
OA-netværkets temakonference, KU
2015: Åbenhed på dagsordenen

29. Returflow af transparent
Open Science!

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