To learn about oxygen requirements of microbial culture in process biotechnology upstream.

1. XBT602 PROCESS BIOTECHNOLOGY_
UPSTREAM
OXYGEN REQUIREMENT OF MICROBIAL
CULTURE
SUBMITTED TO:
MS.P.MALA
(ASSISTANT.PROFESSOR)
PMIST
BIOTECHNOLOGY
THANJAVUR
PRESENTED BY:
K.BHUVANESHWARI[121011101414]
R.SAYEESRI[121011101428]
III YEAR BIOTECHNOLOGY
PMIST
THANJAVUR.

2. WHAT IS
MICROBIA
L
CULTURES
?
A microbiology culture is a method
of multiplying microbial
organisms by letting them reproduce
in predetermined culture
medium under controlled laboratory
conditions. Microbial cultures are
foundational and basic diagnostic
methods used as research tools
in molecular biology.
The term culture can also refer to
the microorganisms being grown.

3. TYPES:
• Batch culture: A closed culture system
with a limited amount of medium, where
the microbe grows until the nutrients
are exhausted or the waste products
accumulate.
• Fed-batch culture: A batch culture that
is continuously fed with fresh medium
without removing the culture or the
products, allowing for higher cell
densities and productivity.
• Continuous culture: An open culture
system where fresh medium is constantly
added and culture is constantly removed,
maintaining a steady state of growth and
nutrient availability.
• Blood culture: A culture that checks for
systemic infection throughout the body,
such as sepsis, by testing a sample of
blood.
• Cerebrospinal fluid culture: A culture
that tests a sample of the fluid that
protects the spine for infection, such
as meningitis.

4. OXYGEN
REQUIREMENT
S OF
MICROBIAL
CULTURES
• The oxygen requirements of
microbial cultures vary depending
on the specific microorganism.
Some microbes are obligate
aerobes, requiring oxygen for
growth, while others are obligate
anaerobes, unable to grow in the
presence of oxygen. Additionally,
there are facultative anaerobes
that can grow with or without
oxygen, and microaerophiles that
require reduced levels of oxygen.
The oxygen requirements are often
determined by the enzymes involved
in respiration and metabolism
within the microorganism.

5. HOW
OXYGEN
PLAYS AN
IMPORTAN
T ROLE
IN
MICROBIA
L
CULTURES
?
a crucial role in aerobic
respiration, which is the process
by which microorganisms generate
energy from organic compounds.
During aerobic respiration, oxygen
serves as the final electron
acceptor in the electron transport
chain, allowing the microorganism
to produce ATP, the energy currency
of the cell. Oxygen is used by the
microorganism to oxidize organic
molecules, releasing energy that is
captured and used to drive cellular
processes. This process involves a
series of biochemical reactions,
including glycolysis, the citric
acid cycle, and oxidative
phosphorylation.In addition to
serving as a terminal electron
acceptor, oxygen also plays a role
in maintaining the redox balance
within the cell by participating in
various oxidation-reduction

6. • Overall, oxygen is essential for the growth
and metabolism of aerobic microorganisms,
providing the necessary conditions for them
to thrive in a culture medium. However, it's
important to note that the oxygen
requirements can vary among different
microorganisms, with some requiring higher
levels of oxygen while others preferring
lower levels or even anaerobic conditions
Bacterial species are classified by their
oxygen requirements as follows: obligate
aerobes: Produce ATP via aerobic
respiration. Require around 20% atmospheric
oxygen. microaerophiles: Produce ATP via
aerobic respiration or fermentation. Require
between 5-15% atmospheric oxygen for growth.

7. microorganisms require
oxygen for their growth and
metabolism.*Oxygen serves
as the final electron
acceptor in their
respiratory chain during
cellular
respiration.*Examples
include most bacteria,
fungi, and some protozoa.

8. Microorganisms:*These
microorganisms thrive in
the absence of oxygen.*Some
use alternative electron
acceptors, such as nitrate
or sulfate, for their
respiratory
processes.*Examples include
certain bacteria and
archaea.

9. microorganisms can adapt to
both aerobic and anaerobic
conditions.*They switch
between fermentation in
anaerobic conditions and
aerobic respiration in the
presence of
oxygen.*Examples include
Escherichia coli (E. coli)
and yeast.

10. microorganisms require low
levels of oxygen (lower
than atmospheric levels)
for optimal growth.*Oxygen
sensitivity varies among
them, and they may be
harmed by high oxygen
concentrations.*Examples
include some Campylobacter
species.

11. QUIZ
1.These microorganisms require
oxygen for their growth and
metabolism?
A]Aerobic
B]Anaerobic
C]Facultative anaerobes
D]Microaerophiles

12. QUIZ
1.These microorganisms require
absence oxygen for their growth
and metabolism?
A]Aerobic
B]Anaerobic
C]Facultative anaerobes
D]Microaerophiles

13. QUIZ
1.These microorganisms adapt for
both aerobic and anaerobic
conditions?
A]Aerobic
B]Anaerobic
C]Facultative anaerobes
D]Microaerophiles

14. QUIZ
1.These microorganisms requires
low level of oxygen?
A]Aerobic
B]Anaerobic
C]Facultative anaerobes
D]Microaerophiles

15. REFERENCES:
1.)https://openstax.org/books/microbiology
/pages/9-2-oxygen-requirements-for-
microbial-growth
2.)https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/ag
ricultural-and-biological-sciences/oxygen-
requirement
3.)https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Nort
h_Carolina_State_University/MB352_General_
Microbiology_Laboratory_2021_(Lee)/06%3A_M
icrobial_Physiology/6.01%3A_Introduction_t
o_Oxygen_Requirements

16. THANK YOU