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Similar to nutrient cycling ,microclimate,soil improvement ,CO2 cycle
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nutrient cycling ,microclimate,soil improvement ,CO2 cycle
- 2. It Means.. Presentation title Circulation or exchange of nutrient elements between the living and non-living components of an ecosystem is called the nutrient cycle or biogeochemical cycle. 2023 2
- 3. By trees… Presentation title Trees play an important role in the cycling of nutrients by recapturing and pumping back leached nutrients via deep roots, which work as a ‘safety net’ against nutrient losses from the nutrient cycle . 2023 3
- 4. How Does Nutrient Cycling Works? 2023 4
- 5. How nutrient cycling differs from energy flow? Presentation title • The energy flow refers to the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another in the food chain and food web. • It is unidirectional and energy is lost from one trophic level to another in the form of heat. Sunlight is the ultimate energy source. --------------------------------------------------------------WHERE AS------------------------------------------------------------------- • Nutrient cycling is a cyclic process that encompasses the movement of nutrients from the physical environment to living organisms and back to the environment. Nutrients are present on the earth where they are recycled, transformed into different forms and reutilized. 2023 5
- 7. It Means.. Presentation title Carbon sequestration is the process by which carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from the atmosphere and stored in long-term sinks, such as oceans, forests, soils, and underground geological formations by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with the goal of reducing global climate change. 2023 7
- 8. MICROCLIMATE AMELIORATION TF-2022-04-BIV Through Agroforestry Click here to read the reference article
- 9. What it means…. 2023 9 Microclimate, any climatic condition in a relatively small area, within a few meters or less above and below the Earth's surface and within canopies of vegetation.
- 10. Management aspects 2023 10 • Farmers in arid and semi-arid rain-fed conditions in Africa are resource-constrained and cannot afford capital-intensive technological solutions such as irrigation. • In drylands farmers often opt to deliberately manage trees on farm, if not actively planting trees, to benefit from moderating micro-climate as well as to procure food, fodder, timber and wood fuel. Indeed farmers may deliberately plant fast-growing, competitive tree species if they provide attractive economic returns • It was reported to be greater in low as less than 800mm compared to high rainfall zones
- 11. It helps in… 2023 11 • buffering the temperature and soil moisture and enhancing the soil structure moderately, which helps the plants to tolerate the dry season. • Micro-climate modification by trees also provides ecosystem services that benefit livestock. • It protect heat-sensitive crops, wind breaks and shelter belts to slow down the wind speed to reduce evaporation and physical damage to crops, and various crop-tree mixes to reduce erosion and maximize resource use efficiency
- 12. SOIL IMPROVEMENT TF-2022-04-BIV Click here to read the reference article
- 13. Methods of soil improvement 2023 13 • The integration of trees on farms enhances the field capacity , organic matter, available potassium, available phosphorus, soil carbon stocks and lower bulk density which retain water by increasing the water holding capacity and release the water to plants gradually like a sponge • Combining species with various root depths, integrating shade-tolerant species beneath the crowns of the foundational trees, and including nitrogen-fixing species into the mixtures to enhance soil nitrogen provision improves the resource-use efficiency of the system • The nutrient use efficiency will be enhanced due to the increased absorption and availability of soil with high Organic matter and an active deep root system. Additionally, the increased microbial diversity due to Organic matter addition probably provides mycorrhizae, releasing P and making it accessible to crops In agroforestry
- 14. 2023 14 . • The introduction of leguminous as well as non-leguminous species such as durian and rambutan in cocoa-based agroforestry positively influences the nutrient content in the soil • The agro-silvopastoral system to be the most successful in increasing soil fertility, with 57% of farmers believing that the agro-silvopastoral system provided the highest degree of soil fertility. • N-fixing green manure plants had the potential to improve the soil properties for e.g. Cluster bean, Cowpea , Green Gram
- 15. Poplar in soil improvement 2023 15 • wheat–poplar agroforestry system and sole wheat cropping system in Uttarakhand, India, and proved the role of the agroforestry system in the improvement of soil health against climate-related extremities. • Another study carried out in semi-arid region of Northwest India by Sirohi and Bangarwa reported that higher available soil N, P, and K levels were observed in a 5 m × 4 m geometry than in 10 m × 2 m and 18 m × 2 m × 2 m geometries (paired row) for 7–8-year poplar-based intercropping. • Thus, it was recommended that poplar trees be planted at a spacing of 5 m × 4 m as the most appropriate way to improve the soil fertility via the accumulation of leaf litter in the semi-arid and arid areas of Northwest India.
- 16. Not to be done!!! 2023 16 • Dense planting of herb species should be avoided, since an increase in the species composition can negatively influence the soil moisture owing to increases in root pores and organic matter, increasing the infiltration and resulting in increased leaching.