This document discusses various nutraceuticals that can be used for weight control and obesity treatment. It describes the following nutraceuticals: epigallocatechin-3-gallate, capsaicin, caffeine, catechins, dietary fibers like psyllium and konjac, garcinia, conjugated linoleic acids, L-carnitine, ephedra, germander, hoodia, cissus quadrangularis, bitter orange, and fenugreek. For each, it provides details on the source, active compounds, purported mechanisms for aiding weight loss such as increasing thermogenesis, suppressing appetite, or inhibiting fat absorption.
This document discusses obesity and various herbal remedies that can contribute to weight loss. It provides information on the etiology of obesity, health consequences such as increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and explains that sustainable weight loss requires a calorie-restricted diet and regular exercise. Several herbs are described in detail, including their constituents, mechanisms of action and traditional uses to aid weight loss. These herbs include dandelion, garcinia cambogia, ginger, guggul, guarana, guar gum, green tea, and cocoa.
- Slimix Slimming Capsules contain several plant extracts including Evodia Rutaecarpa, Caralluma fimbriata, Irvingia Gabonensis, Hoodia, and others.
- These ingredients are claimed to promote weight loss by increasing metabolism, burning fat, reducing appetite, and curbing cravings.
- The document provides details on the proposed effects and mechanisms of several of the main ingredients based on studies, traditional use, and properties.
This document discusses treatment strategies and management of obesity. It defines obesity as excess adiposity with ectopic fat deposition. Normal mechanisms of adipose tissue and fat storage are described. The epidemiology of obesity globally and in India is examined. Causes and pathophysiology of obesity are explained. Diagnostic criteria including BMI, waist circumference, skin fold thickness and imaging tests are covered. Complications of obesity and prevention strategies focusing on diet and lifestyle are outlined. Pharmacological treatments including phentermine, orlistat, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and their effects and adverse reactions are summarized. Bariatric surgery is also mentioned as a treatment option.
it is related to that of ayurvedic and traditional ealth scciences ,deals with its global market ,importance some examples reffered from internet sources.
This document provides a catalogue of products from TIENS, including food supplements and wellness equipment. It describes the key ingredients and benefits of various supplements for cleansing, replenishing, and strengthening the body. Some products contain herbal extracts or probiotics to support digestion, antioxidants for cardiovascular health, and calcium and vitamins for bone and cognitive health. The catalogue also lists items like mattresses and massagers for overall wellness.
Dr Q's Perfect Glycemic Meal Chocolate MintWilliam Kane
Dr Q's Perfect Glycemic Meal contains a unique combination of ingredients that provide multimodal support for healthy insulin and glucose metabolism. It features InSea2, a blend of purified polyphenols from brown seaweed that uniquely slows carbohydrate digestion and assimilation and can reduce the impact of high-glycemic foods. The formula also includes cinnamon, green tea extract, alpha-lipoic acid, and B vitamins to support glucose regulation, antioxidant effects, and insulin sensitivity. Overall, the supplement aims to maintain healthy blood sugar levels, lipid profiles, body composition, and nerve function.
This document provides an overview of nutrition and classification of foods. It discusses the major macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) and their functions. Foods are classified by origin, chemical composition, and predominant function. Cereals like rice and wheat provide the bulk of daily diets in many countries and are important sources of protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamins/minerals, though their protein quality varies. Maintaining recommended nutrient intake levels from foods like cereals is important for health.
This document discusses obesity and various herbal remedies that can contribute to weight loss. It provides information on the etiology of obesity, health consequences such as increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and explains that sustainable weight loss requires a calorie-restricted diet and regular exercise. Several herbs are described in detail, including their constituents, mechanisms of action and traditional uses to aid weight loss. These herbs include dandelion, garcinia cambogia, ginger, guggul, guarana, guar gum, green tea, and cocoa.
- Slimix Slimming Capsules contain several plant extracts including Evodia Rutaecarpa, Caralluma fimbriata, Irvingia Gabonensis, Hoodia, and others.
- These ingredients are claimed to promote weight loss by increasing metabolism, burning fat, reducing appetite, and curbing cravings.
- The document provides details on the proposed effects and mechanisms of several of the main ingredients based on studies, traditional use, and properties.
This document discusses treatment strategies and management of obesity. It defines obesity as excess adiposity with ectopic fat deposition. Normal mechanisms of adipose tissue and fat storage are described. The epidemiology of obesity globally and in India is examined. Causes and pathophysiology of obesity are explained. Diagnostic criteria including BMI, waist circumference, skin fold thickness and imaging tests are covered. Complications of obesity and prevention strategies focusing on diet and lifestyle are outlined. Pharmacological treatments including phentermine, orlistat, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and their effects and adverse reactions are summarized. Bariatric surgery is also mentioned as a treatment option.
it is related to that of ayurvedic and traditional ealth scciences ,deals with its global market ,importance some examples reffered from internet sources.
This document provides a catalogue of products from TIENS, including food supplements and wellness equipment. It describes the key ingredients and benefits of various supplements for cleansing, replenishing, and strengthening the body. Some products contain herbal extracts or probiotics to support digestion, antioxidants for cardiovascular health, and calcium and vitamins for bone and cognitive health. The catalogue also lists items like mattresses and massagers for overall wellness.
Dr Q's Perfect Glycemic Meal Chocolate MintWilliam Kane
Dr Q's Perfect Glycemic Meal contains a unique combination of ingredients that provide multimodal support for healthy insulin and glucose metabolism. It features InSea2, a blend of purified polyphenols from brown seaweed that uniquely slows carbohydrate digestion and assimilation and can reduce the impact of high-glycemic foods. The formula also includes cinnamon, green tea extract, alpha-lipoic acid, and B vitamins to support glucose regulation, antioxidant effects, and insulin sensitivity. Overall, the supplement aims to maintain healthy blood sugar levels, lipid profiles, body composition, and nerve function.
This document provides an overview of nutrition and classification of foods. It discusses the major macronutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) and their functions. Foods are classified by origin, chemical composition, and predominant function. Cereals like rice and wheat provide the bulk of daily diets in many countries and are important sources of protein, fat, carbohydrates and vitamins/minerals, though their protein quality varies. Maintaining recommended nutrient intake levels from foods like cereals is important for health.
Finding your self confused by the apparently countless merchandising of weight loss strategies and diet plans? In this collection, we check some popular diets—and overview the studies in the back of them.
This document discusses cereals, specifically oats, wheat, and rice, as functional foods. It provides details on the nutritional composition and health benefits of oats, wheat bran, and beta-glucan. Oats contain beta-glucan, a soluble fiber that can help reduce LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Wheat bran is high in dietary fiber and antioxidants that support digestive health and may reduce risks of colon cancer, breast cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders like constipation and diverticulosis.
Garcinia cambogia is a tropical plant whose fruits are rich in hydroxycitric acid. Studies support the properties of the extract for weight loss ...
GARCINIA CAMBOGIA
Common name: Malabar Tamarind.
- English: Citrin, Gamboge, Brindal Berry, Gorikapuli, Malabar Tamarind.
Scientific Name: Garcinia cambogia L .; G. gummi-gutta; G. quaesita.
Family: Clusiaceae or Gutíferas (Guttiferae)
Distribution: Most plants of the genus Garcinia are evergreen trees native Asia, South Africa and Polynesia.
Habitat: subtropical plant native to Indonesia, where it is known as Kokam, amsool, Goraka or kattcha puli.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
Evergreen tree 4-6 m. tall, rounded crown. Entire, elliptic, glabrous. Axillary, sessile, unisexual flowers.
The fruit is like a small pumpkin orange or yellow, with 6-8 rows, whose pericarp is rich in hydroxycitric acid (HCA). Within the fruit there are six to eight seeds aryl enveloped by a delicious white.
The inner shape of the mangosteen fruit can remember (Garcinia mangostana), which belongs to the same family.
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
- Hydroxycitric acid (30% in the cortex) is structurally similar to the citric acid found in citrus fruits. It is found in greater amounts in the bark of the fruit, which is dried to be used as a condiment in curries. Influence the metabolism giving satiety and suppressing the synthesis of body fat. These features have made it a unique weight loss supplement (English: Hydroxycitric acid or HCA).
- Garcinol (potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer), succinic acid (antibacterial), tartaric acid (antioxidant)
- The resin contains camboginol and cambogin. This the gamboge, is prepared with purgative properties. (It can also be obtained from other plants of the genus Garcinia).
USES OF PLANT
- Food: The rind of the fruit, which is very acidic, dried and consumed as a condiment in many curries of Southeast Asian countries. In Sri Lanka it is used to marinate fish (Colombo curing). Sometimes it gets to dishes as a substitute for tamarind.
It can also be used to obtain Kokam butter (butter obtained from the seeds of fruit), which is a substitute of ghee.
- Supplement: sold in capsules or tablets. It consists of dried fruit shell with a minimum of 50% HCA wealth. It is anorectic, indicated for obesity, appetite control, weight loss diets, high triglycerides and high cholesterol. Dosage according Container: approx. 500 mg. 30-60 minutes before meals, up to 3 per day.
GARCINIA FOR WEIGHT LOSS
Garcinia cambogia extract.
Excess carbohydrates are converted to abdominal fat. Garcinia extract taken 30 - 60 minutes before meals, avoids this transformation and gives early satiety.
To be effective the supplement should follow a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Garcinia cambogia is mainly used to aid weight loss by decreasing appetite.
It is an appetite suppressant that acts on the metabolism, so it has no effect on the nervous system and has no side effects.
Its
This document summarizes a lifestyle program that uses a triple approach of nutrition, exercise, and supplements to help people attain a healthy body composition. The nutrition component includes a proprietary formula containing African mango and other ingredients to support fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The exercise component emphasizes aerobic exercise. Several supplements are also discussed that may help boost metabolism, reduce body fat, increase energy and muscle mass, including African mango, L-carnitine, and others.
This document discusses the benefits of adding flax to low-carbohydrate diets. It provides six reasons why flax is a good addition:
1) Flax is low in digestible carbohydrates and fits within daily carb limits of popular low-carb diets.
2) Flax has a low glycemic index, which allows for its inclusion in low-carb diets that permit low GI foods.
3) Flax is a good source of dietary fiber, helping to increase fiber intake from low-carb diets that are typically low in fiber.
4) Flax is low in saturated fat and will not significantly increase saturated fat intake when added to a low-carb diet.
This document discusses dietary fiber, including its definition, types (soluble, insoluble, functional), food sources, and health benefits. It defines dietary fiber as the portion of plant foods that is resistant to digestion. There are two main types - soluble fiber which dissolves in water, and insoluble fiber which does not dissolve. Sources of fiber include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts. Fiber promotes gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, aids in weight and diabetes management, and protects against certain cancers. A high-fiber diet is an important part of an overall healthy lifestyle.
What is Obesity?
Body Mass Index
Effects of obesity on human health
Relationship between obesity and some diseases
Ways to get rid of obesity
General diet habits to control obesity
Nutraceuticals used to control obesity
This document discusses the impacts of diet on serum lipid profiles. It begins by describing normal cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in the body. It then discusses how dietary components like saturated fats, trans fats, fiber, and cholesterol affect serum lipids. Lifestyle modifications like following a low-fat, plant-based diet pattern and engaging in regular physical activity are recommended to lower LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Several clinical trials are summarized that show how replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats from plants lowers cardiovascular disease risk.
This document provides information on carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It begins by explaining the caloric content of carbohydrates and dividing them into simple and complex categories. It then discusses the digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates in the body. For proteins, it describes their structure and function, as well as complete and incomplete protein sources. It outlines protein digestion, synthesis, and recommendations. Finally, it discusses lipids and fatty acids, cholesterol, and fat digestion. It provides an overview of fat metabolism and storage and concludes with general fat recommendations and the relationship between fat and health.
Three studies are summarized in the document:
1) Studies show those who eat 3 meals a day tend to weigh less and have lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and more stable blood sugar than those eating 1 meal.
2) Red cabbage contains anthocyanins which may protect against cancer, improve brain function, and promote heart health. Cooking and eating 2 cups provides the most absorption.
3) Improving the glycemic load of one's diet by choosing low GI foods can reduce risk of diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
This document discusses the health benefits of dietary fiber. It defines fiber and categorizes it as insoluble or soluble. Sources of each type of fiber are provided. The document outlines recommended daily fiber intake and reviews studies showing fiber can help lower cholesterol, control blood sugar levels, reduce colon cancer risk, and promote weight control. Soluble fibers like konjac, beta-glucan and pectin are highlighted for their health benefits.
This document discusses various classes of phytonutrients found in plants and their potential health benefits. It defines phytonutrients as bioactive compounds produced by plants that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The document then summarizes several classes of phytonutrients including carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytoestrogens, isothiocyanates, organosulfurs, polyols, and stevia; and briefly discusses some of the main compounds in each class and their proposed health effects.
L-glutamine, arabinogalactan, licorice root extract, and aloe leaf extract work together to support gastrointestinal health. L-glutamine fuels the GI lining while arabinogalactan promotes beneficial gut bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production. Licorice root extract reduces inflammation but its potential side effects are avoided through deglycyrrhization. Aloe vera gel soothes the GI tract without a laxative effect due to removal of its bitter components. This unique formula provides specialized ingredients to enhance GI support.
L-glutamine, arabinogalactan, licorice root extract, and aloe leaf extract work together to support gastrointestinal health. L-glutamine fuels the GI lining while arabinogalactan promotes beneficial gut bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production. Licorice root extract reduces inflammation but its potential side effects are avoided through deglycyrrhization. Aloe vera gel soothes the GI tract without a laxative effect due to removal of its bitter components. This unique formula provides specialized ingredients to enhance GI support.
This document discusses nutrition and balanced diets. It recommends that a balanced diet includes a variety of foods from different food groups to obtain all required nutrients. Food groups include bread, vegetables, fruits, milk, and meat. A balanced diet should include grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, and proteins. The document also classifies nutrients, describes each in detail, and provides recommendations for daily intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and calories.
Nutrition: it is the dynamic processes by which the body can utilize the consumed food for energy production, growth, tissue maintenance and regulation of body functions.
Standardized extract of Caralluma Fimbriata is a natural product that has been shown to be safe and effective for weight loss and obesity management. It works by suppressing appetite and inhibiting fat synthesis. Clinical trials demonstrated that Caralluma Fimbriata resulted in reduced hunger, weight, waist circumference, fat levels, and body weight with minimal side effects. Long-term use for up to one year was also found to safely maintain weight loss and improve health biomarkers. The review concludes that Caralluma Fimbriata has potential as a natural appetite suppressant for weight management.
This document summarizes key information about water-soluble vitamins:
- It describes the B-complex vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid) and vitamin C, which are water-soluble and must be replenished daily.
- The B-complex vitamins help release energy from foods, aid in red blood cell formation and nervous system function, and support various metabolic processes. Vitamin C aids in collagen synthesis, immune function, iron absorption and acts as an antioxidant.
- Good food sources of these vitamins include meats, eggs, dairy, fruits, vegetables and fort
This document provides information about carbohydrates and proteins. It discusses the sources and types of carbohydrates and proteins, how they are digested and absorbed, and their roles and importance in the body. It also describes protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and the conditions that can lead to childhood malnutrition in developing countries.
This document discusses purine alkaloids found in tea leaves. It provides details on:
1) Tea leaves contain various purine alkaloids like caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. These compounds are responsible for tea's stimulant effects on the central nervous system.
2) Black tea leaves contain high amounts of beneficial polyphenol compounds like catechins, theaflavins, kaempferol, quercetin, and gallic acid which have antioxidant and other health promoting properties.
3) The main purine alkaloids and polyphenols in tea - caffeine, catechins, theaflavins, kaempferol and quercetin -
Vinca alkaloids are obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle plant. They include vincristine and vinblastine, which are used as chemotherapy drugs to treat cancers like Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. Vinca alkaloids work as antineoplastic agents by arresting cell division in cancer cells. Over 150 alkaloids can be extracted from Vinca, including indole alkaloids like vincristine, vinblastine, and ajmalicine, which have anticancer, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic properties.
More Related Content
Similar to Nutraceutical for weight loss 8th sem.pptx
Finding your self confused by the apparently countless merchandising of weight loss strategies and diet plans? In this collection, we check some popular diets—and overview the studies in the back of them.
This document discusses cereals, specifically oats, wheat, and rice, as functional foods. It provides details on the nutritional composition and health benefits of oats, wheat bran, and beta-glucan. Oats contain beta-glucan, a soluble fiber that can help reduce LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Wheat bran is high in dietary fiber and antioxidants that support digestive health and may reduce risks of colon cancer, breast cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders like constipation and diverticulosis.
Garcinia cambogia is a tropical plant whose fruits are rich in hydroxycitric acid. Studies support the properties of the extract for weight loss ...
GARCINIA CAMBOGIA
Common name: Malabar Tamarind.
- English: Citrin, Gamboge, Brindal Berry, Gorikapuli, Malabar Tamarind.
Scientific Name: Garcinia cambogia L .; G. gummi-gutta; G. quaesita.
Family: Clusiaceae or Gutíferas (Guttiferae)
Distribution: Most plants of the genus Garcinia are evergreen trees native Asia, South Africa and Polynesia.
Habitat: subtropical plant native to Indonesia, where it is known as Kokam, amsool, Goraka or kattcha puli.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION
Evergreen tree 4-6 m. tall, rounded crown. Entire, elliptic, glabrous. Axillary, sessile, unisexual flowers.
The fruit is like a small pumpkin orange or yellow, with 6-8 rows, whose pericarp is rich in hydroxycitric acid (HCA). Within the fruit there are six to eight seeds aryl enveloped by a delicious white.
The inner shape of the mangosteen fruit can remember (Garcinia mangostana), which belongs to the same family.
ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
- Hydroxycitric acid (30% in the cortex) is structurally similar to the citric acid found in citrus fruits. It is found in greater amounts in the bark of the fruit, which is dried to be used as a condiment in curries. Influence the metabolism giving satiety and suppressing the synthesis of body fat. These features have made it a unique weight loss supplement (English: Hydroxycitric acid or HCA).
- Garcinol (potent anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer), succinic acid (antibacterial), tartaric acid (antioxidant)
- The resin contains camboginol and cambogin. This the gamboge, is prepared with purgative properties. (It can also be obtained from other plants of the genus Garcinia).
USES OF PLANT
- Food: The rind of the fruit, which is very acidic, dried and consumed as a condiment in many curries of Southeast Asian countries. In Sri Lanka it is used to marinate fish (Colombo curing). Sometimes it gets to dishes as a substitute for tamarind.
It can also be used to obtain Kokam butter (butter obtained from the seeds of fruit), which is a substitute of ghee.
- Supplement: sold in capsules or tablets. It consists of dried fruit shell with a minimum of 50% HCA wealth. It is anorectic, indicated for obesity, appetite control, weight loss diets, high triglycerides and high cholesterol. Dosage according Container: approx. 500 mg. 30-60 minutes before meals, up to 3 per day.
GARCINIA FOR WEIGHT LOSS
Garcinia cambogia extract.
Excess carbohydrates are converted to abdominal fat. Garcinia extract taken 30 - 60 minutes before meals, avoids this transformation and gives early satiety.
To be effective the supplement should follow a diet rich in fruits and vegetables.
Garcinia cambogia is mainly used to aid weight loss by decreasing appetite.
It is an appetite suppressant that acts on the metabolism, so it has no effect on the nervous system and has no side effects.
Its
This document summarizes a lifestyle program that uses a triple approach of nutrition, exercise, and supplements to help people attain a healthy body composition. The nutrition component includes a proprietary formula containing African mango and other ingredients to support fat and carbohydrate metabolism. The exercise component emphasizes aerobic exercise. Several supplements are also discussed that may help boost metabolism, reduce body fat, increase energy and muscle mass, including African mango, L-carnitine, and others.
This document discusses the benefits of adding flax to low-carbohydrate diets. It provides six reasons why flax is a good addition:
1) Flax is low in digestible carbohydrates and fits within daily carb limits of popular low-carb diets.
2) Flax has a low glycemic index, which allows for its inclusion in low-carb diets that permit low GI foods.
3) Flax is a good source of dietary fiber, helping to increase fiber intake from low-carb diets that are typically low in fiber.
4) Flax is low in saturated fat and will not significantly increase saturated fat intake when added to a low-carb diet.
This document discusses dietary fiber, including its definition, types (soluble, insoluble, functional), food sources, and health benefits. It defines dietary fiber as the portion of plant foods that is resistant to digestion. There are two main types - soluble fiber which dissolves in water, and insoluble fiber which does not dissolve. Sources of fiber include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts. Fiber promotes gastrointestinal and cardiovascular health, aids in weight and diabetes management, and protects against certain cancers. A high-fiber diet is an important part of an overall healthy lifestyle.
What is Obesity?
Body Mass Index
Effects of obesity on human health
Relationship between obesity and some diseases
Ways to get rid of obesity
General diet habits to control obesity
Nutraceuticals used to control obesity
This document discusses the impacts of diet on serum lipid profiles. It begins by describing normal cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism in the body. It then discusses how dietary components like saturated fats, trans fats, fiber, and cholesterol affect serum lipids. Lifestyle modifications like following a low-fat, plant-based diet pattern and engaging in regular physical activity are recommended to lower LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Several clinical trials are summarized that show how replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats from plants lowers cardiovascular disease risk.
This document provides information on carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It begins by explaining the caloric content of carbohydrates and dividing them into simple and complex categories. It then discusses the digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates in the body. For proteins, it describes their structure and function, as well as complete and incomplete protein sources. It outlines protein digestion, synthesis, and recommendations. Finally, it discusses lipids and fatty acids, cholesterol, and fat digestion. It provides an overview of fat metabolism and storage and concludes with general fat recommendations and the relationship between fat and health.
Three studies are summarized in the document:
1) Studies show those who eat 3 meals a day tend to weigh less and have lower cholesterol, blood pressure, and more stable blood sugar than those eating 1 meal.
2) Red cabbage contains anthocyanins which may protect against cancer, improve brain function, and promote heart health. Cooking and eating 2 cups provides the most absorption.
3) Improving the glycemic load of one's diet by choosing low GI foods can reduce risk of diseases like diabetes and heart disease.
This document discusses the health benefits of dietary fiber. It defines fiber and categorizes it as insoluble or soluble. Sources of each type of fiber are provided. The document outlines recommended daily fiber intake and reviews studies showing fiber can help lower cholesterol, control blood sugar levels, reduce colon cancer risk, and promote weight control. Soluble fibers like konjac, beta-glucan and pectin are highlighted for their health benefits.
This document discusses various classes of phytonutrients found in plants and their potential health benefits. It defines phytonutrients as bioactive compounds produced by plants that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The document then summarizes several classes of phytonutrients including carotenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phytoestrogens, isothiocyanates, organosulfurs, polyols, and stevia; and briefly discusses some of the main compounds in each class and their proposed health effects.
L-glutamine, arabinogalactan, licorice root extract, and aloe leaf extract work together to support gastrointestinal health. L-glutamine fuels the GI lining while arabinogalactan promotes beneficial gut bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production. Licorice root extract reduces inflammation but its potential side effects are avoided through deglycyrrhization. Aloe vera gel soothes the GI tract without a laxative effect due to removal of its bitter components. This unique formula provides specialized ingredients to enhance GI support.
L-glutamine, arabinogalactan, licorice root extract, and aloe leaf extract work together to support gastrointestinal health. L-glutamine fuels the GI lining while arabinogalactan promotes beneficial gut bacteria and short-chain fatty acid production. Licorice root extract reduces inflammation but its potential side effects are avoided through deglycyrrhization. Aloe vera gel soothes the GI tract without a laxative effect due to removal of its bitter components. This unique formula provides specialized ingredients to enhance GI support.
This document discusses nutrition and balanced diets. It recommends that a balanced diet includes a variety of foods from different food groups to obtain all required nutrients. Food groups include bread, vegetables, fruits, milk, and meat. A balanced diet should include grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy, and proteins. The document also classifies nutrients, describes each in detail, and provides recommendations for daily intake of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and calories.
Nutrition: it is the dynamic processes by which the body can utilize the consumed food for energy production, growth, tissue maintenance and regulation of body functions.
Standardized extract of Caralluma Fimbriata is a natural product that has been shown to be safe and effective for weight loss and obesity management. It works by suppressing appetite and inhibiting fat synthesis. Clinical trials demonstrated that Caralluma Fimbriata resulted in reduced hunger, weight, waist circumference, fat levels, and body weight with minimal side effects. Long-term use for up to one year was also found to safely maintain weight loss and improve health biomarkers. The review concludes that Caralluma Fimbriata has potential as a natural appetite suppressant for weight management.
This document summarizes key information about water-soluble vitamins:
- It describes the B-complex vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, biotin, pantothenic acid) and vitamin C, which are water-soluble and must be replenished daily.
- The B-complex vitamins help release energy from foods, aid in red blood cell formation and nervous system function, and support various metabolic processes. Vitamin C aids in collagen synthesis, immune function, iron absorption and acts as an antioxidant.
- Good food sources of these vitamins include meats, eggs, dairy, fruits, vegetables and fort
This document provides information about carbohydrates and proteins. It discusses the sources and types of carbohydrates and proteins, how they are digested and absorbed, and their roles and importance in the body. It also describes protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and the conditions that can lead to childhood malnutrition in developing countries.
Similar to Nutraceutical for weight loss 8th sem.pptx (20)
This document discusses purine alkaloids found in tea leaves. It provides details on:
1) Tea leaves contain various purine alkaloids like caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. These compounds are responsible for tea's stimulant effects on the central nervous system.
2) Black tea leaves contain high amounts of beneficial polyphenol compounds like catechins, theaflavins, kaempferol, quercetin, and gallic acid which have antioxidant and other health promoting properties.
3) The main purine alkaloids and polyphenols in tea - caffeine, catechins, theaflavins, kaempferol and quercetin -
Vinca alkaloids are obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle plant. They include vincristine and vinblastine, which are used as chemotherapy drugs to treat cancers like Hodgkin's disease, leukemia, lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. Vinca alkaloids work as antineoplastic agents by arresting cell division in cancer cells. Over 150 alkaloids can be extracted from Vinca, including indole alkaloids like vincristine, vinblastine, and ajmalicine, which have anticancer, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic properties.
Atropa belladonna, commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a poisonous perennial herb native to Europe, North Africa, and Western Asia. Its foliage and berries contain toxic tropane alkaloids such as scopolamine and hyoscyamine that cause delirium and hallucinations. Historically, belladonna was used as an anesthetic, poison on arrow tips, and in cosmetics by Romans to dilate pupils. The plant has low-growing stems up to 6 feet tall bearing purple bell-shaped flowers and green berries that ripen to black. Microscopic examination of the root shows cork cells, parenchyma tissue containing starch grains and calcium oxalate crystals,
There are two species of cinnamon bark - Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cinnamomum cassia. C. zeylanicum is inner bark that does not contain the outer layers present in most barks, while C. cassia is entire bark that does contain these outer layers. Microscopic analysis can distinguish between the two based on features like the presence or absence of cork layers in C. zeylanicum versus C. cassia. Both species have characteristic morphological features and microscopic structures like stone cells, oil cells, and starch grains that identify them.
This document provides information about the plant coriander and its fruit. It discusses the synonyms, biological source, cultivation regions, plant description, fruit characteristics, microscopic features, chemical constituents, uses, and adulterants of coriander. The dried ripe fruits of the coriander plant are used medicinally and as a spice. It is widely cultivated in India, Egypt, and other countries for its aromatic and carminative properties. Microscopic examination can be used to identify characteristics such as vittae, endosperm, and epidermal features of coriander fruits.
This document discusses the use of nutraceuticals for diabetes control. It defines nutraceuticals as food-derived products that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Some potential nutraceuticals discussed for diabetes include prebiotics, dietary fiber, omega-3 fatty acids, and antioxidants. The document also outlines the different types of diabetes, current treatments, and the mechanisms of action of various natural antidiabetic compounds found in plants. It emphasizes that nutraceuticals may help manage diabetes symptoms and complications through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
This document discusses various nutraceuticals that can help with weight control, including:
1) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) found in green tea which may help burn fat.
2) Capsaicin from chili peppers, caffeine from coffee/tea, and catechins from green tea can increase calorie burning and suppress appetite.
3) Dietary fibers like psyllium, konjac root, and guar gum promote fullness and reduce appetite to support weight loss.
Liquorice roots come from the Glycyrrhiza glabra plant and are commonly used in foods, beverages, and medicines. They contain glycyrrhizin, a sweet compound, and glycyrrhetic acid, which has anti-inflammatory properties. Liquorice roots are cultivated in Spain, Sicily, England, and other places. They are used to flavor tobacco, beers, and candies due to their sweet taste. Medicinally, liquorice root is used to treat ulcers, allergies, arthritis, and other conditions due to its demulcent and anti-inflammatory properties.
Nutraceuticals show potential for preventing and treating hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Polyphenols from foods like cocoa, red wine, and tea may reduce cardiovascular risk by inhibiting platelet aggregation and oxidative stress. Vitamins C and E show cardiovascular benefits by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Compounds in tomatoes, garlic, and beetroots may lower blood pressure by increasing nitric oxide, which causes vasodilation. More research is still needed to clarify appropriate doses and effects of many nutraceuticals.
This document discusses various phytochemicals and nutraceuticals that may help prevent cancer, including carotenoids, flavonoids, isoflavones, saponins, tannins, ellagic acid, pectin, phenolic compounds, glucosinolates, sulfur compounds, lycopene, beta-carotene, curcumin, and antioxidants. Many of these compounds are found in fruits and vegetables and act as antioxidants or block enzymes that promote tumor growth. More research is still needed to fully understand their cancer prevention effects.
Nutraceuticals are foods or food components that provide health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. They can be classified based on food source, mechanism of action, or chemical nature. Traditional nutraceuticals are natural foods containing beneficial components like vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, herbals, and phytochemicals. Non-traditional nutraceuticals are artificially produced using biotechnology and include fortified foods with added nutrients and recombinant foods engineered for wellness benefits. Probiotic microorganisms and nutraceutical enzymes also represent important categories of nutraceuticals.
Bitter glycosides are compounds that play an important role in digestion by stimulating taste buds and increasing secretion of digestive juices. Gentian root contains many bitter glycosides and is commonly used as a bitter digestive herb to improve appetite and breakdown of food. It has a long history of use for treating digestive disorders and acts as a liver, gallbladder and digestive system tonic. When identifying gentian root microscopically, features include cork cells, thick-walled parenchyma containing oil globules and raphides, vessels, and small simple starch grains.
Cardiac glycosides are steroid compounds found in several plants that increase the force of contraction of the heart muscle. They increase cardiac contractility and output without increasing oxygen consumption or heart rate. Digitalis purpurea and Digitalis lanata are sources of medically important cardiac glycosides like digoxin and digitoxin. These glycosides have an aglycone steroid nucleus and sugars attached. They are used to treat congestive heart failure.
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
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Endocrine Therapy
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Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
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Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
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DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
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2. Nutraceuticals In Weight Control:
■ Weight control Nutraceuticals are defined as those Nutraceuticals which are used for the
control of weight and are given in the form of pills, powders, etc.
■ Generally, Nutraceuticals provide medicinal and health benefits also.
■ Therefore Nutraceuticals are used for the treatment of obesity.
■ Following are the examples for Weight control Nutraceuticals:
1] Epigallocatechin-3-gallate or epigallocatechin gallate or EGCG :
■ It is an ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid.
■ It is a type of catechin and the most abundant catechin in tea.
■ It is also a constituent of several medicinal plants including Limoniastrum feci (Girard)
Batt (Plumbaginaceae) harvested in Algeria.
■ Rumex vesicarius L. (Polygonaceae) from Egypt.
■ Aspalath linearis (Fabaceae) and
■ Sideroxylon inerme L. (Sapotaceae) found in South Africa.
3. Nutraceuticals In Weight Control:
■ 2] Capsaicin:
■ It is the pungent principle obtained in the fruit of various species of Capsicum, viz.,
Capsicum annum L. (Solanaceae).
■ Capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-none amid) is an active component of chili peppers, which
plants are belonging to the genus Capsicum. Capsaicin and several related compounds are
called capsaicinoids and are produced as secondary metabolites by chili peppers, probably
as deterrents against certain mammals and fungi.
■ A chemical constituent found in spicy foods such as capsaicin, habaneros, and cayenne
peppers can amplify your calorie burn and suppress your appetite.
4. ■ 3] Caffeine: is an alkaloid occurring naturally in some 60 plant species, of which
cocoa beans, kola nuts, tea leaves, and coffee beans are the most well-known. Other
natural sources of caffeine include yerba maté, guarana berries, guayusa, and the yaupon
holly.
■ Caffeine is metabolized in the liver via single demethylation, resulting in three primary
metabolites, paraxanthine (84%), theobromine (12%), and theophylline (4%), depending on
which methyl group is removed.
■ This natural stimulant that’s found in coffee and caffeinated teas can help you burn fat by
boosting your basal metabolic rate, or BMR. It decreases the appetite.
■ An antioxidant found in green tea, this substance may help your body burn fat, by its
ability to increase thermogenesis (heat production), which in turn uses up stored fat as
energy.
■ It has antioxidant properties that may have therapeutic applications in the treatment of
anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory properties, and several other disorders.
Nutraceuticals In Weight Control:
5. Nutraceuticals In Weight Control:
■ 4] Catechins:
■ Green tea catechins mixed with caffeine have been proposed as adjutants for maintaining or
enhancing energy expenditure and for increasing fat oxidation, in the context of prevention
and treatment of obesity.
■ These catechins caffeine mixtures seem to counteract the decrease in metabolic rate that
occurs during weight loss.
■ Their effects are of particular importance during weight maintenance after weight loss.
■ Other metabolic targets may be fat absorption and the gut microbiota composition, but
these effects still need further investigation in combination with weight loss.
■ Limitations for the effects of green tea catechins are moderating factors such as genetic
predisposition related to (catechol-O-methyl-transferase) COMT-activity, habitual caffeine
intake, and ingestion combined with dietary protein.
6. Nutraceuticals In Weight Control:
■ 5] Dietary Fibres: (a) Psyllium(b) Konjacroot fiber
■ a) Psyllium is obtained from Plantago ovate. Psyllium is a mixture of
polysaccharides: pentoses, hexoses, and uronic acids.
■ Psyllium, one of the water-soluble fibers, is derived from blonde psyllium
seeds;
■ it ferments slowly, helps build up fecal mass, and is commonly available
over the counter as a laxative.
■ Several studies have shown that psyllium supplementation may lower or
improve risk factors that are associated with the development of
cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, including obesity.
■ Psyllium supplementation (up to 3.5 g per meal) may have significant
beneficial effects on body composition changes in obese individuals, which
include BMI and waist circumference while causing minimal or no
abdominal discomfort.
7. Nutraceuticals In Weight Control:
Dietary Fibres: (b) Konjacroot fiber:
■ Konjac is produced from the tubers of the “elephant yam” (Amorphophallus
konjac).
■ It has been grown and used as an important part of a traditional healthy diet in
many Asian countries, including Thailand, Vietnam, Japan, and China.
■ The polysaccharide from konjac is also a good source for film-forming materials.
■ it contains 8-10% of Konjac glucomannan.
■ It is a heteropolysaccharide consisting of ß-D glucose and 3-D-mannose, with a
glucose to mannose ratio of 1 to 3. It is reported that konjac glucomannan has side
chains and the branches are at the 0-3 position of the mannose residue or both
glucose and mannose residues.
■ Its fiber contains glucomannan, which is a fermentable, highly viscous dietary fiber,
used for weight loss and improve lipid profile.
■ glucomannan 1 g 3times a day produced significant weight loss (-5.5 lbs), in obese
9. Nutraceuticals In Weight Control:
■ 6] Chitin
■ The mycelia of Penicillium species contain approximately 20% of chitin.
■ The major chemical constituent is Chitin may be regarded as a derivative of cellulose,
wherein the C-2 hydroxyl groups have been duly replaced by acetamido residues. It is more
or less cellulose-like biopolymer mainly consisting of un-branched chains of 3-(1-4) -2-
acetamido -2-deoxy-D-glucose. It is also termed N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. It contains about
6.5% of nitrogen.
■ Chitin is a component of crab, shrimp, and lobster shells and is thus abundantly available
in nature.
■ Like dietary fiber, chitin is a polysaccharide that is indigestible by the human gut.
■ It is deacetylated chitin. In rats, chitosan has been shown to reduce hepatic cholesterol
and increase bile acid and fat excretion.
■ In contrast, in humans, a combination of chitosan and glucomannan seems to decrease
serum cholesterol (via fecal steroid excretion but not fat excretion). The exact mechanism
of action is not well understood; however, it has been found that negatively charged lipid
molecules keenly bind to the positively charged tertiary anion group of chitosan
polysaccharide, and this decreases absorption and beneficial give the effect of chitosan for
10. Nutraceuticals In Weight Control:
■ 7] Guar gum: it was obtained from the refined endosperm of the seeds of Cyamopsis
tetragonolobus L. Taub. (Family: Leguminosae).
■ Chemically, guar gum is an exo-polysaccharide composed of the sugars galactose and
mannose.
■ The backbone is a linear chain of ß 1,4-linked mannose residues to which galactose residues
are 1,6-linked at every second mannose, forming short side-branches.
■ It is known to exert its action via imparting postprandial fullness and increasing bowel
viscosity, which in turn may result in reduced appetite, lower food intake, and have an
impact on weight loss in obese individuals via lower energy intake.
■ The evidence from studies on the effects of guar gum supplementation indicates that it may
help in weight loss.
■ The purported mechanism via which they may induce weight loss includes increased satiety,
reduced appetite, and blockage of dietary fat absorption.
■ Although some gastrointestinal discomfort/bloating may accompany acute increases in
extract-based or dietary fiber intake; in general, fiber supplementation does not entail
significant adverse effects.
11. 8] Garcinia
■ Garcinia is known as Garcinia cambogia (Rind of brindle berry) for the botanical term.
■ The phytochemical constituent mainly present are citric acid lactone, Ascorbic acid,
tartaric acid malic acid, Garcinol, isogarcinol, cyanidin, and Xanthone.
■ The latex of Garcinia cambogia contains two polyisoprenylated benzophenone derivatives,
Cambogia (I) and Cambogia (II).
■ It has been proposed that hydroxycitric acid (HCA), the active ingredient of G Cambogia,
competitively inhibits adenosine triphosphate citrate lyase, an extra-mitochondrial enzyme
that may reduce de novo lipogenesis and reduce appetite in some in vivo studies.
■ However, evidence of a positive effect of G.cambogia as a weight loss agent is lacking.
More research is warranted regarding the role of this compound in weight loss. The HCA
decreases fatty acid synthesis and reduces appetite, but further data in humans are
needed to determine its role in weight loss.
12. 9] Conjugated Linoleic Acids
■ Animal fats such as beef, lamb, and dairy foods. CLA is produced by
microbial fermentation of PUFAs and isomerization of linoleic acid in the
rumens of ruminants.
■ It is a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of octadecatrienoic acid
(a-linolenic acid, cis9, cis12, cis15-18:3 n-3) found in plant seeds. Three 8,
10, 12-18-3 isomers and four 9, 11, 13-18-3 isomers have been reported to
occur naturally.
■ Conjugated linoleic acids (CLAS) are positional and geometric isomers of
linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid. CLAs are available in the trans
and, more abundantly, in the cis form in meat and dairy products. Several
studies have been conducted using in vivo and in vitro models to assess the
effect of CLA in cancer, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, immune
modulation, and possibly weight loss: The mechanisms of action have been
proposed via which CLA isomers may exert the effect on weight loss; they
reduce the fat synthesis and increase oxidation.
13. L-Carnitine
■ Animal products, particularly beef and pork. Redder meats tend
to have higher levels of 1-1 carnitine. Carnitine (ß-hydroxy-y-N-
trimethyl-aminobutyric-acid 3-hydroxy-4-N.N.N tri-methyl amino-
butyrate) is a quaternary ammonium compound involved in
metabolism in most mammals, plants, and some bacteria.
Carnitine exists as one of two stereoisomers (the two
enantiomers d carnitine (S-(+)-) and l-carnitine (R-(-)-).
■ L-carnitine is a compound that is involved in fatty acid
metabolism and helps to transport fatty acids within the
mitochondrial matrix, thus helping in the oxidation of fat stores.
Red meat, fish, poultry, and milk are food sources of L-carnitine,
but our body can produce it endogenously as needed in the
muscles. It is being studied for its potential use in improving
exercise performance in athletes and reducing fatigue because it
is a component of muscles and aids in fat metabolism. In normal
healthy adults, L-carnitine supplementation (1 g/3 time a day)
14. Ephedra (Ma Huang)
■ Ephedra consists of the dried aerial parts of Ephedra gerardiana Wall,
Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra equisetina Bunge, Ephedra neurogenesis Tineo
and other Ephedra species, belonging to the family Ephadreaceae
■ Ephedra contains the alkaloids ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (isoephedrine),
nor-pseudoephedrine (cathine), norephedrine, methylephedrine,
methylpseudoephedrine, tannins, and other constituents, including quinoline
and 6-hydroxykynurenic acid.
■ Ephedrine is the major alkaloid. The active chemicals of ephedrine and
pseudoephedrine act as a sympathomimetic agonist exert therapeutic
effects that include central nervous system and cardiac stimulation in
addition to other effects. These effects are purported to aid in weight loss
and enhance endurance training. In recent years, ephedra has been mainly
marketed in the United States as a weight loss adjunct and supplement to
improve athlete performance. Ephedra promotes the release of endogenous
catechol-amines; ephedrine tends to slow gastric emptying, thereby
affecting food intake and satiety and acting as a weight loss agent.
15. Germander (Teucrium)
■ Teucrium chamaedrys (Labiatae), the wall germander, is a species of
ornamental plant native to the Mediterranean region of Europe and North
Africa, and to the Middle East as far as Iran. It was historically used as a
medicinal herb for the treatment of gout and sometimes as a component of
Venice treacle.
■ Germander is composed of several compounds, including glycosides,
flavonoids, and furan containing diterpenoids, all of which are converted
by the P-450 system (especially CYP3A) into reactive metabolites.
■ Germanders, plants of the mint family that are found worldwide,
traditionally have been used as a weight-loss remedy, especially in Europe.
They are also used for gout. Unfortunately, multiple cares reports and are
describing hepatotoxicity-related action.
16. Hoodia
■ Hoodia; known locally as “ghaap” or “bobbejaanghaap”) it is a genus of
flowering plants (Hoodia Gordonii) in the family of Apocynaceae, under the
subfamily Asclepiadoideae, native to Southern Africa.
■ Sources of appetite suppressants and isolated the oxypregnane steroidal
glycoside, code-named P57AS3 (P57; 83), as the sole active constituent.
■ Hoodia is a plant indigenous to South Africa and Namibia. It is used locally
as an appetite suppressant, famously by male tribesmen while on
prolonged hunting excursions.P57 is the steroid glycoside present in
Hoodia. P57is thought to suppress appetite through central nervous system
pathways.
17. Cissus Quadrangularis L.
■ Cissus quadrangularis is a perennial plant of the grape family. It
contains mainly gallic acid derivatives, steroids, iridoids,
flavonoids, stilbenes, and triterpenes. There are various
compounds in the Cissus quadrangularis which possess anti-
inflammatory action.
■ Cissus quadrangularis, commonly known as Veldt Grape or Devil’s
Backbone, is a succulent vine native to West Africa and Southeast
Asia. It has been used in traditional African and Ayurvedic
medicine. It is using in the treatment of infections,
cardiovascular issues, and nervous system disorders has been
studied to some extent. Recently; its role in reducing body
weight has been attracting attention. Some evidence suggests
that Cquadrangularis supplementation may help in reducing body
18. Bitter Orange
■ It is commonly known as bitter orange and its botanical name is
Citrus aurantium L. (family Rutaceae). C. Aurantium is rich in p-
synephrine, an alkaloid, and many health-giving secondary
metabolites such as flavonoids.
■ The unripe fruit of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) has been
used for centuries in traditional Chinese medicine. Recently,
extracts have become popular in obesity treatment as an
alternative to the banned ephedrine alkaloids. C Aurantium has
physiological effects that are similar to ephedra, and the
purported mechanism of action includes decreased gastric
motility and thus early satiety and a lower intake of food Limited
human studies have been conducted with this compound with
conflicting results regarding effectiveness for weight control.
19. Fenugreek (Methi)
■ Fenugreek is an herb with small white flowers and light green leaves. It
belongs to the Leguminosae family and is called Trigonella Foenum-
Graecum or Greek hay. It is largely cultivated in the Middle East, North
Africa, India, and Egypt.
■ The fenugreek gum has the highest galactose (48%; M/G, 1.02:1) in its, and
its molecule has a linear mannan backbone, a 1-6 linked single galactose
grafts with nearly all the mannose groups of the main chain part, as well
fenugreek, Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) and clover (Trifolium pratense), have
less common galactomannans, have 48% galactose.
■ The physiological effects of fenugreek seeds can be attributed to their fiber
and high saponin content. Fenugreek has been previously reported to
significantly reduce fasting blood sugar and improve glucose tolerance,
reduce oxidative stress, improve the lipid profile, and reduce body weight.
20. Phaseolus Vulgaris
■ Phaseolus vulgaris, also known as the common bean, it is
belonging to the family Fabaceae. The average moisture content
was 11%, ash 3.5%, fat 1%, protein 25%, starch 40%, crude fiber
4% and pentosans 7%.
■ Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean, is an herbaceous annual
plant. The water extract inhibits the digestive enzyme-amylase
and prevents starch absorption, represented weight loss
property. Few clinical trials have shown the beneficial effects of
this bean on weight control. Although these studies support the
role of P Vulgaris in weight loss with no reported adverse effects.
It is needed regarding potential gastrointestinal and other
adverse effects.
21. Ginseng
■ Ginseng is the root of plants in the genus Panax, such as Korean
ginseng (P. ginseng), South China ginseng (P. notoginseng), and
American ginseng (P. quinquefolius), typically characterized by
the presence of ginsenosides and gintonin.
■ Major chemical constituents are including ginseng saponins,
ginseng oils and phytosterol, carbohydrates and sugars, organic
acids, nitrogenous substances, amino acids and peptides,
vitamins and minerals, and certain enzymes that have been
isolated and characterized.
22. ■ It is used as a supplement for weight loss. These supplements
include conjugated linoleic acid, ginseng, glucomannan, green
tea, HCA. L-carnitine, and psyllium, It is effective for weight
loss, effective long-term, nonprescription dietary supplements
have become popular among those seeking quick results.
However, given the generally limited evidence of efficacy, even
the smallest undesirable side effect of these supplements can
shift the risk-benefit ratio to the unfavorable Thus, the available
science, recommending nonprescription dietary supplements as
an adjunct to weight loss.