This document discusses docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation and its influence on neurocognitive development in infants. It outlines several studies that examined the effects of prenatal and postnatal DHA supplementation through breastmilk. The studies found some benefits of supplementation such as improved language and visual acuity development, but the results were mixed. More research is still needed to determine whether DHA supplementation should be recommended as part of prenatal vitamins.
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Of Preterm Infants Fed HighJerome Alagao
A randomized controlled trial found that preterm infant girls who received a high dose of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA (approximately 1% of total fatty acids) from days 2-4 of life until term-equivalent age had higher scores on the Bayley Mental Development Index at 18 months compared to girls who received a standard DHA dose (approximately 0.3% of total fatty acids). However, high DHA intake did not improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm boys. The study also found some evidence that high DHA improved mental development scores for very preterm infants under 2.8 pounds, but the results were not statistically significant after adjustment. Overall, high DHA intake reduced the risk of mild
the lecture will explain the benefits of using omega 3 in pediatric neurology cases including the use for normal brain functions development in normal babies, premature babies, GDD , cases with cortical visual defect , ADHD, Autism , and anxiety
omega 3 might be of benefits for children with epilepsy , migraine and stroke
This document discusses maternal medication use and breastfeeding. It notes that over 75% of infants in the US are breastfed initially, but that rate drops to around 50% by 6 months due to various social factors and medication use. The average number of medications taken by breastfeeding mothers is 4. Key concepts around how medications enter breast milk are discussed, such as molecular weight, plasma levels, and protein binding. Calculating the relative infant dose is presented as a useful tool to determine safety. Common psychiatric medications like SSRIs, benzodiazepines, and atypical antipsychotics are highlighted as generally compatible with breastfeeding when used at standard doses due to low relative infant doses. Antiepileptics and mood stabil
Maternal mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) prior to and during pregnancy. Brain tissue was collected from male and female offspring at postnatal day 10 and analyzed for levels of monoamines and their metabolites. The study found that maternal HFD led to 1) increased dopamine levels in prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus and ventral hippocampus of both male and female offspring, 2) increased serotonin levels in prefrontal cortex, ventral hippocampus and cerebellum of female offspring only, and 3) increased levels of dopamine metabolite DOPAC in ventral hippocampus of both sexes. The results suggest that maternal HFD disrupts brain monoamine systems, which could relate
Marijuana should not be used by breastfeeding mothers as it may impair judgment and childcare abilities. Trace amounts of THC can be detected in breastmilk after marijuana use. One study found occasional marijuana use did not negatively impact infants, but regular daily use may cause minor motor development delays. Further research is still needed due to limited data.
1) Exercise increases levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine that are important for brain function.
2) Physical activity promotes neurogenesis, the growth of new brain cells, by elevating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which strengthens synaptic connections in the brain.
3) Regular exercise improves cognitive performance and mental health by optimizing brain chemistry and enhancing plasticity.
Peer support interventions can increase breastfeeding rates. A systematic review found that peer support significantly decreased the risk of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding in low and middle-income countries. Another study found that a telephone-based peer support program effectively maintained breastfeeding rates to 3 months postpartum among primiparous women and improved satisfaction with infant feeding. However, one randomized controlled trial found that peer support did not statistically significantly increase breastfeeding rates in the studied population.
This document summarizes a study on trends in infant nutrition in Saudi Arabia and compliance with WHO recommendations. The study found:
1) Breastfeeding initiation was high at 91.6%, but 28.1% of infants began breastfeeding over 6 hours after birth.
2) Bottle feeding was introduced by 1 month for 51.4% of infants and by 6 months for 90%.
3) The majority (80.8%) of infants began solid foods between 4-6 months, and 40% of infants under 12 months were given whole milk.
4) Current infant feeding practices in Saudi Arabia do not comply with WHO recommendations of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Early introduction of complementary foods reduces
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Of Preterm Infants Fed HighJerome Alagao
A randomized controlled trial found that preterm infant girls who received a high dose of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA (approximately 1% of total fatty acids) from days 2-4 of life until term-equivalent age had higher scores on the Bayley Mental Development Index at 18 months compared to girls who received a standard DHA dose (approximately 0.3% of total fatty acids). However, high DHA intake did not improve neurodevelopmental outcomes for preterm boys. The study also found some evidence that high DHA improved mental development scores for very preterm infants under 2.8 pounds, but the results were not statistically significant after adjustment. Overall, high DHA intake reduced the risk of mild
the lecture will explain the benefits of using omega 3 in pediatric neurology cases including the use for normal brain functions development in normal babies, premature babies, GDD , cases with cortical visual defect , ADHD, Autism , and anxiety
omega 3 might be of benefits for children with epilepsy , migraine and stroke
This document discusses maternal medication use and breastfeeding. It notes that over 75% of infants in the US are breastfed initially, but that rate drops to around 50% by 6 months due to various social factors and medication use. The average number of medications taken by breastfeeding mothers is 4. Key concepts around how medications enter breast milk are discussed, such as molecular weight, plasma levels, and protein binding. Calculating the relative infant dose is presented as a useful tool to determine safety. Common psychiatric medications like SSRIs, benzodiazepines, and atypical antipsychotics are highlighted as generally compatible with breastfeeding when used at standard doses due to low relative infant doses. Antiepileptics and mood stabil
Maternal mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) prior to and during pregnancy. Brain tissue was collected from male and female offspring at postnatal day 10 and analyzed for levels of monoamines and their metabolites. The study found that maternal HFD led to 1) increased dopamine levels in prefrontal cortex, dorsal hippocampus and ventral hippocampus of both male and female offspring, 2) increased serotonin levels in prefrontal cortex, ventral hippocampus and cerebellum of female offspring only, and 3) increased levels of dopamine metabolite DOPAC in ventral hippocampus of both sexes. The results suggest that maternal HFD disrupts brain monoamine systems, which could relate
Marijuana should not be used by breastfeeding mothers as it may impair judgment and childcare abilities. Trace amounts of THC can be detected in breastmilk after marijuana use. One study found occasional marijuana use did not negatively impact infants, but regular daily use may cause minor motor development delays. Further research is still needed due to limited data.
1) Exercise increases levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine that are important for brain function.
2) Physical activity promotes neurogenesis, the growth of new brain cells, by elevating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) which strengthens synaptic connections in the brain.
3) Regular exercise improves cognitive performance and mental health by optimizing brain chemistry and enhancing plasticity.
Peer support interventions can increase breastfeeding rates. A systematic review found that peer support significantly decreased the risk of discontinuing exclusive breastfeeding in low and middle-income countries. Another study found that a telephone-based peer support program effectively maintained breastfeeding rates to 3 months postpartum among primiparous women and improved satisfaction with infant feeding. However, one randomized controlled trial found that peer support did not statistically significantly increase breastfeeding rates in the studied population.
This document summarizes a study on trends in infant nutrition in Saudi Arabia and compliance with WHO recommendations. The study found:
1) Breastfeeding initiation was high at 91.6%, but 28.1% of infants began breastfeeding over 6 hours after birth.
2) Bottle feeding was introduced by 1 month for 51.4% of infants and by 6 months for 90%.
3) The majority (80.8%) of infants began solid foods between 4-6 months, and 40% of infants under 12 months were given whole milk.
4) Current infant feeding practices in Saudi Arabia do not comply with WHO recommendations of exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. Early introduction of complementary foods reduces
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowl...ijtsrd
Background Low birth weight is one of the important causes for the high infant mortality rate in developing countries. In India during the year 1991, the IMR was 80 per 1000 live births and neonatal mortality rate NMR was 51 per 1000 live births.LBW babies have been reported to lag behind their heavier counterpart in development for the rest of their lives. Objective The present study attempted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding management of low birth weight LBW babies among postnatal mothers. Methods In the present study, evaluative research approach was selected one group pre test and post test design was adopted. The structured interview schedule on management of low birth weight LBW babies among postnatal Mothers was used to collect the data. The main study was conducted at Kedarpur and Barai rural community Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, with the sample size of 40 postnatal mothers selected by using convenient sampling technique and the collected data were analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The overall mean score of the subjects in pre test was 56.25 with standard deviation 2.80. In post test, the mean percentage of the Overall means score of the subjects in post test was 76.25 with standard deviation 2.28. The obtained ‘t’ value was greater than the table value and found to be highly significant at the level of p 0.005. The findings evidenced structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of the postnatal mothers regarding management of low birth weight LBW babies. Conclusion The study concluded that there was a significant improvement in the knowledge after structured teaching programme. Thus structured teaching programme is effective in improving the knowledge of the mothers. Ms. Divya Singh | Ms. Sunita Singh "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Management of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Babies among Postnatal Mothers in Selected Community at Gwalior" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42452.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/42452/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-management-of-low-birth-weight-lbw-babies-among-postnatal-mothers-in-selected-community-at-gwalior/ms-divya-singh
The document summarizes research on the benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby. The research used qualitative interviews with pregnant and postnatal women in South Auckland, New Zealand to explore the benefits of breastfeeding. Data analysis compared breastfeeding rates and duration in South Auckland to identify factors that influence breastfeeding decisions and could help increase rates if addressed. The purpose of the research was to encourage and support women to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months or longer, up to 2 years or more by improving relationships between mothers and midwives.
These slides has concept of metabolism with respect to Shatkarma. Which is uploaded by Nirmala Institute of Yoga & Health. Metabolism is basic process of body. How Shatkarma are efficient for modifying metabolic rate. These slides are very much helpful for understanding the concept of metabolism and Shatkarma. In Metabolism & Asana Part 4 we will know that how Asana modify metabolism.
Designed & Presented by: Akhilesh Kumar Singh
Uploaded by: Nirmala Institute of Yoga & Health
The document discusses the neuropsychological effects of sleep training techniques on infants and breastfeeding. It summarizes research showing that ignoring infant cries raises cortisol levels, which is toxic to developing brains. While early studies found no long-term harm from techniques like controlled crying, more recent research has identified weaknesses in those studies and found unintended consequences like increased crying and premature breastfeeding cessation. The document concludes that sleep training offers no benefits and may interfere with breastfeeding, so it should not be recommended given the potential for harm.
This study analyzed data from a 30-year longitudinal study of over 500 women in New Zealand to examine the association between pregnancy outcomes and later mental health issues. The study found that after adjusting for potential confounding factors, women who had an abortion had rates of mental health disorders that were about 30% higher than those who did not have an abortion. No consistent associations were found between other pregnancy outcomes like miscarriage or live birth and increased risk of mental health problems. The authors concluded that the evidence suggests abortion may be associated with a small increase in risk of mental disorders.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine developed consensus recommendations for the amount of sleep needed for optimal health in children and adolescents. An expert panel reviewed over 800 scientific articles and recommended: infants 4-12 months sleep 12-16 hours, children 1-2 years sleep 11-14 hours, children 3-5 years sleep 10-13 hours, children 6-12 years sleep 9-12 hours, and teenagers 13-18 years sleep 8-10 hours. Sleeping within these recommended ranges is associated with benefits like improved learning and health, while sleeping less is linked to problems like behavioral issues and chronic diseases.
At Alegria & Barovick LLP, attorney Andrew Barovick handles personal injury and medical malpractice cases. Away from work, Andrew Barovick enjoys exercising.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of high-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. The study found that:
1) Overall, high-DHA supplementation did not significantly improve Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) scores at 18 months corrected age compared to standard DHA supplementation.
2) However, girls who received high-DHA supplementation had significantly higher MDI scores than girls who received standard supplementation.
3) Infants born weighing less than 1250g who received high-DHA supplementation tended to have higher MDI scores, but the difference was not statistically significant after adjustment for confounders.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a crucial fatty acid for proper neurological development in fetuses during pregnancy. However, many American women do not consume enough DHA in their diets or through prenatal supplements. DHA is especially important during the third trimester, as it is transported to the fetus and supports brain and eye development. Supplementation of DHA is recommended during pregnancy to support fetal health.
Impact of DHA Source on Cognitive development of the baby and other micronutr...Lifecare Centre
This document summarizes the impact of different sources of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other micronutrients on cognitive development in babies. It finds that intake of DHA and omega-3 fatty acids is very low in Indian diets, especially for vegetarians, increasing risk of low birth weight. While fish is a good source of DHA, concerns about mercury contamination make algal sources of DHA a safer option. The document also reviews evidence that supplementation with DHA, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 during pregnancy can positively impact outcomes like risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and birth weight.
This is the presentation of my systems theory of autistogenesis made at the Western Psychological Association, the Autism Society, and the American Psychological Association. Since that time, new information has continued to support this theoretical perspective and I am now moving into experimental studies to confirm.
This document discusses the importance of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA for optimal brain development in fetuses and infants. It notes that DHA is essential during pregnancy, lactation, and the first 3 months of life. Studies show higher DHA intake is linked to higher IQ scores. The document recommends that women of childbearing age consume fish twice a week and an omega-3 supplement daily to support DHA levels for their future children's brain development.
1) Omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, are essential for proper brain and eye development in infants and children. Supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can improve cognitive development and visual acuity in babies.
2) Higher intake of DHA and EPA is associated with reduced risk of depression, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in adults. Increased fish consumption also correlates with lower rates of depression across countries.
3) DHA supplementation can help reduce symptoms of ADHD in children and lower triglyceride levels in adults with hypertriglyceridemia.
early intervention in high risk infants.pptxibtesaam huma
Early Intervention in High Risk Infants
-Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Objectives
By the end of the seminar one would know
What is high risk infants?
Determinants of high risk infants
Monthwise neurodevelopment of infants in gestational age
Early intervention
General NICU guidelines for high risk infants
Recent advances
What is High Risk Infant?
A High risk infant is broadly defined as one who requires more than the standard monitoring and care offered to a healthy term newborn infant.
According to American Academy of Pediatrics, High risk infant may be defined as
Preterm Infant
Infant with special healthcare needs or dependence on technology
Infant at risk because of family issues.
Infant with anticipated early death.
High-Risk Clinical Signs
At 4 months of age, hypertonicity of the trunk or extremities is recognized as a high-risk clinical sign.
Less alternate kicking movement compared with typically developing LBW infant.
Abnormalities of kicking described by Prechtl as “cramped-synchronized,” that is, limited in variety and characterized by “rigid movement with all limbs and the trunk contracting and relaxing almost simultaneously,”
Preterm Infant
Preterm infant is the infant which is born before 36 weeks of gestation
Usually preterm infant have low birth weight i.e. less than 2.5 kgs
Determinants of High Risk Infant
Biological Risk
Attributed to medical/physical condition presence of
Asphyxia
Neonatal seizures
Prenatal exposure to drugs or alcohol
Brain-lesions
Low birth weight
Established Risk
Associated with diagnosis that is clearly established like,
Congenital malformation
Chromosomal abnormalities
CNS disorders
Metabolic disease.
Environmental & social risk
Refers to competency in parenting roles and factors in family dynamics
Suboptimal levels of stimulation and interaction in NICU
Inadequate parent-infant attachment
Insufficient educational preparation for caregiver roles
Meager financial resources of parents
Limited or absent family support to assist in taking care of and nurturing the infants in home environment.
The systems of infants develop in their stipulated time during gestational period prenatal or preterm results in specific injury
Commonest condition which requires early intervention
Newborn Maturity Rating—Ballard Score
Widely adopted because of the time efficiency
Ballard instrument involves only six physical and six neurological criteria, with a 0 to 5 scale and a maturity rating
designed to be used for neonates (20 to 44 weeks gestation) from birth through 3 days of age and has demonstrated concurrent validity with the Dubowitz gestational age calculation tool.
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
30- to 45-minute examination consists of observing, eliciting, and scoring 28 behavioral items on a 9-point scale and 18 reflex items on a 4-point scale
Six behavioral state categories are outlined in the NBAS: deep sleep,
This document discusses the role of nutrition in ADHD. It finds that children with ADHD are less likely to have been breastfed or breastfed for as long compared to non-ADHD children. Essential fatty acids like DHA are important for brain development but the body cannot produce them, so breastfeeding provides these. Gluten intolerance can also impact nutrient absorption and neurotransmitter production. Exercise is shown to improve cognitive performance, brain function, and reduce ADHD symptoms. Artificial food dyes, especially Red 40, are found to increase hyperactivity and behavioral issues in some children. The Feingold diet eliminates certain foods and additives to manage symptoms. A healthy diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, uns
This document discusses the benefits of breast milk and breastfeeding for infants in the NICU. It begins by outlining the objectives of increasing awareness of the importance of breast milk for preterm infants in the NICU and educating about its benefits. It then covers several key areas in less than 3 sentences each: the positive impact of breast milk on the gastrointestinal tract, lipid and fatty acid composition, anti-microbial components, short and long-term health benefits, limitations for preterm infants, and methods for fortification to meet their nutritional needs.
The document discusses the importance of different omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, for health. It states that DHA is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in the brain and retina, and is essential for healthy brain, eye and nervous system development in infants. It also plays a key role in cardiovascular health. The document emphasizes that DHA is particularly important for pregnant and breastfeeding women to support the development of their babies. However, studies show that American mothers typically consume much less DHA than the recommended amounts.
This document discusses dyslexia, including its characteristics, signs, potential causes, and treatments. It summarizes two studies that found fatty acid supplementation, particularly omega-3, improved reading speed, motor skills, and behavior in children with dyslexia or developmental coordination disorder. The document also notes famous historical figures who achieved success despite having dyslexia.
NEW Dinner ANU 2023_Nutritional Interventions to Promote Brain Development an...Avianita3
The document discusses the importance of optimal nutrition for brain development in preterm and low birth weight infants. It notes that the brain grows most rapidly in the first 1000 days of life, making adequate nutrition critical during this period. For preterm infants in particular, nutrition must support both catch-up growth to match fetal growth trajectories as well as meet the high metabolic demands of the rapidly developing brain. The document reviews evidence that greater energy and nutrient intake during the initial weeks after birth is associated with larger brain volumes and better neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. It discusses the use and various methods of fortifying human milk to ensure preterm infants receive sufficient nutrients.
The document discusses the importance of optimal nutrition for growth and brain development in preterm and low birth weight infants. It notes that the goal of nutrition should be to meet the growth rate of healthy fetuses of the same gestational age. This is critical as brain development is most rapid in the first 1000 days of life. For preterm infants, the brain requires high amounts of nutrients for growth and maturation. Inadequate nutrition can permanently impact brain development and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Human milk is recommended but often requires fortification to provide sufficient nutrients. Different fortification methods aim to optimize growth rates while avoiding risks like necrotizing enterocolitis. New fortifiers containing partially hydrolyzed proteins have shown improved growth outcomes over
A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowl...ijtsrd
Background Low birth weight is one of the important causes for the high infant mortality rate in developing countries. In India during the year 1991, the IMR was 80 per 1000 live births and neonatal mortality rate NMR was 51 per 1000 live births.LBW babies have been reported to lag behind their heavier counterpart in development for the rest of their lives. Objective The present study attempted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding management of low birth weight LBW babies among postnatal mothers. Methods In the present study, evaluative research approach was selected one group pre test and post test design was adopted. The structured interview schedule on management of low birth weight LBW babies among postnatal Mothers was used to collect the data. The main study was conducted at Kedarpur and Barai rural community Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, with the sample size of 40 postnatal mothers selected by using convenient sampling technique and the collected data were analyzed and interpreted based on descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The overall mean score of the subjects in pre test was 56.25 with standard deviation 2.80. In post test, the mean percentage of the Overall means score of the subjects in post test was 76.25 with standard deviation 2.28. The obtained ‘t’ value was greater than the table value and found to be highly significant at the level of p 0.005. The findings evidenced structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge of the postnatal mothers regarding management of low birth weight LBW babies. Conclusion The study concluded that there was a significant improvement in the knowledge after structured teaching programme. Thus structured teaching programme is effective in improving the knowledge of the mothers. Ms. Divya Singh | Ms. Sunita Singh "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Management of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Babies among Postnatal Mothers in Selected Community at Gwalior" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42452.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commedicine/nursing/42452/a-study-to-assess-the-effectiveness-of-structured-teaching-programme-on-knowledge-regarding-management-of-low-birth-weight-lbw-babies-among-postnatal-mothers-in-selected-community-at-gwalior/ms-divya-singh
The document summarizes research on the benefits of breastfeeding for both mother and baby. The research used qualitative interviews with pregnant and postnatal women in South Auckland, New Zealand to explore the benefits of breastfeeding. Data analysis compared breastfeeding rates and duration in South Auckland to identify factors that influence breastfeeding decisions and could help increase rates if addressed. The purpose of the research was to encourage and support women to exclusively breastfeed for 6 months or longer, up to 2 years or more by improving relationships between mothers and midwives.
These slides has concept of metabolism with respect to Shatkarma. Which is uploaded by Nirmala Institute of Yoga & Health. Metabolism is basic process of body. How Shatkarma are efficient for modifying metabolic rate. These slides are very much helpful for understanding the concept of metabolism and Shatkarma. In Metabolism & Asana Part 4 we will know that how Asana modify metabolism.
Designed & Presented by: Akhilesh Kumar Singh
Uploaded by: Nirmala Institute of Yoga & Health
The document discusses the neuropsychological effects of sleep training techniques on infants and breastfeeding. It summarizes research showing that ignoring infant cries raises cortisol levels, which is toxic to developing brains. While early studies found no long-term harm from techniques like controlled crying, more recent research has identified weaknesses in those studies and found unintended consequences like increased crying and premature breastfeeding cessation. The document concludes that sleep training offers no benefits and may interfere with breastfeeding, so it should not be recommended given the potential for harm.
This study analyzed data from a 30-year longitudinal study of over 500 women in New Zealand to examine the association between pregnancy outcomes and later mental health issues. The study found that after adjusting for potential confounding factors, women who had an abortion had rates of mental health disorders that were about 30% higher than those who did not have an abortion. No consistent associations were found between other pregnancy outcomes like miscarriage or live birth and increased risk of mental health problems. The authors concluded that the evidence suggests abortion may be associated with a small increase in risk of mental disorders.
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine developed consensus recommendations for the amount of sleep needed for optimal health in children and adolescents. An expert panel reviewed over 800 scientific articles and recommended: infants 4-12 months sleep 12-16 hours, children 1-2 years sleep 11-14 hours, children 3-5 years sleep 10-13 hours, children 6-12 years sleep 9-12 hours, and teenagers 13-18 years sleep 8-10 hours. Sleeping within these recommended ranges is associated with benefits like improved learning and health, while sleeping less is linked to problems like behavioral issues and chronic diseases.
At Alegria & Barovick LLP, attorney Andrew Barovick handles personal injury and medical malpractice cases. Away from work, Andrew Barovick enjoys exercising.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of high-dose docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. The study found that:
1) Overall, high-DHA supplementation did not significantly improve Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) scores at 18 months corrected age compared to standard DHA supplementation.
2) However, girls who received high-DHA supplementation had significantly higher MDI scores than girls who received standard supplementation.
3) Infants born weighing less than 1250g who received high-DHA supplementation tended to have higher MDI scores, but the difference was not statistically significant after adjustment for confounders.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a crucial fatty acid for proper neurological development in fetuses during pregnancy. However, many American women do not consume enough DHA in their diets or through prenatal supplements. DHA is especially important during the third trimester, as it is transported to the fetus and supports brain and eye development. Supplementation of DHA is recommended during pregnancy to support fetal health.
Impact of DHA Source on Cognitive development of the baby and other micronutr...Lifecare Centre
This document summarizes the impact of different sources of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and other micronutrients on cognitive development in babies. It finds that intake of DHA and omega-3 fatty acids is very low in Indian diets, especially for vegetarians, increasing risk of low birth weight. While fish is a good source of DHA, concerns about mercury contamination make algal sources of DHA a safer option. The document also reviews evidence that supplementation with DHA, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin B12 during pregnancy can positively impact outcomes like risk of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and birth weight.
This is the presentation of my systems theory of autistogenesis made at the Western Psychological Association, the Autism Society, and the American Psychological Association. Since that time, new information has continued to support this theoretical perspective and I am now moving into experimental studies to confirm.
This document discusses the importance of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA for optimal brain development in fetuses and infants. It notes that DHA is essential during pregnancy, lactation, and the first 3 months of life. Studies show higher DHA intake is linked to higher IQ scores. The document recommends that women of childbearing age consume fish twice a week and an omega-3 supplement daily to support DHA levels for their future children's brain development.
1) Omega-3 fatty acids, especially DHA, are essential for proper brain and eye development in infants and children. Supplementation during pregnancy and lactation can improve cognitive development and visual acuity in babies.
2) Higher intake of DHA and EPA is associated with reduced risk of depression, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in adults. Increased fish consumption also correlates with lower rates of depression across countries.
3) DHA supplementation can help reduce symptoms of ADHD in children and lower triglyceride levels in adults with hypertriglyceridemia.
early intervention in high risk infants.pptxibtesaam huma
Early Intervention in High Risk Infants
-Dr. Quazi Ibtesaam Huma (MPT)
Dr. Suvarna Ganvir (Phd, Prof & HOD)
Dept. of Neurophysiotherapy
DVVPF’s College of Physiotherapy
Objectives
By the end of the seminar one would know
What is high risk infants?
Determinants of high risk infants
Monthwise neurodevelopment of infants in gestational age
Early intervention
General NICU guidelines for high risk infants
Recent advances
What is High Risk Infant?
A High risk infant is broadly defined as one who requires more than the standard monitoring and care offered to a healthy term newborn infant.
According to American Academy of Pediatrics, High risk infant may be defined as
Preterm Infant
Infant with special healthcare needs or dependence on technology
Infant at risk because of family issues.
Infant with anticipated early death.
High-Risk Clinical Signs
At 4 months of age, hypertonicity of the trunk or extremities is recognized as a high-risk clinical sign.
Less alternate kicking movement compared with typically developing LBW infant.
Abnormalities of kicking described by Prechtl as “cramped-synchronized,” that is, limited in variety and characterized by “rigid movement with all limbs and the trunk contracting and relaxing almost simultaneously,”
Preterm Infant
Preterm infant is the infant which is born before 36 weeks of gestation
Usually preterm infant have low birth weight i.e. less than 2.5 kgs
Determinants of High Risk Infant
Biological Risk
Attributed to medical/physical condition presence of
Asphyxia
Neonatal seizures
Prenatal exposure to drugs or alcohol
Brain-lesions
Low birth weight
Established Risk
Associated with diagnosis that is clearly established like,
Congenital malformation
Chromosomal abnormalities
CNS disorders
Metabolic disease.
Environmental & social risk
Refers to competency in parenting roles and factors in family dynamics
Suboptimal levels of stimulation and interaction in NICU
Inadequate parent-infant attachment
Insufficient educational preparation for caregiver roles
Meager financial resources of parents
Limited or absent family support to assist in taking care of and nurturing the infants in home environment.
The systems of infants develop in their stipulated time during gestational period prenatal or preterm results in specific injury
Commonest condition which requires early intervention
Newborn Maturity Rating—Ballard Score
Widely adopted because of the time efficiency
Ballard instrument involves only six physical and six neurological criteria, with a 0 to 5 scale and a maturity rating
designed to be used for neonates (20 to 44 weeks gestation) from birth through 3 days of age and has demonstrated concurrent validity with the Dubowitz gestational age calculation tool.
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
30- to 45-minute examination consists of observing, eliciting, and scoring 28 behavioral items on a 9-point scale and 18 reflex items on a 4-point scale
Six behavioral state categories are outlined in the NBAS: deep sleep,
This document discusses the role of nutrition in ADHD. It finds that children with ADHD are less likely to have been breastfed or breastfed for as long compared to non-ADHD children. Essential fatty acids like DHA are important for brain development but the body cannot produce them, so breastfeeding provides these. Gluten intolerance can also impact nutrient absorption and neurotransmitter production. Exercise is shown to improve cognitive performance, brain function, and reduce ADHD symptoms. Artificial food dyes, especially Red 40, are found to increase hyperactivity and behavioral issues in some children. The Feingold diet eliminates certain foods and additives to manage symptoms. A healthy diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, uns
This document discusses the benefits of breast milk and breastfeeding for infants in the NICU. It begins by outlining the objectives of increasing awareness of the importance of breast milk for preterm infants in the NICU and educating about its benefits. It then covers several key areas in less than 3 sentences each: the positive impact of breast milk on the gastrointestinal tract, lipid and fatty acid composition, anti-microbial components, short and long-term health benefits, limitations for preterm infants, and methods for fortification to meet their nutritional needs.
The document discusses the importance of different omega-3 fatty acids, particularly DHA, for health. It states that DHA is the most abundant omega-3 fatty acid in the brain and retina, and is essential for healthy brain, eye and nervous system development in infants. It also plays a key role in cardiovascular health. The document emphasizes that DHA is particularly important for pregnant and breastfeeding women to support the development of their babies. However, studies show that American mothers typically consume much less DHA than the recommended amounts.
This document discusses dyslexia, including its characteristics, signs, potential causes, and treatments. It summarizes two studies that found fatty acid supplementation, particularly omega-3, improved reading speed, motor skills, and behavior in children with dyslexia or developmental coordination disorder. The document also notes famous historical figures who achieved success despite having dyslexia.
NEW Dinner ANU 2023_Nutritional Interventions to Promote Brain Development an...Avianita3
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The document discusses the importance of optimal nutrition for growth and brain development in preterm and low birth weight infants. It notes that the goal of nutrition should be to meet the growth rate of healthy fetuses of the same gestational age. This is critical as brain development is most rapid in the first 1000 days of life. For preterm infants, the brain requires high amounts of nutrients for growth and maturation. Inadequate nutrition can permanently impact brain development and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Human milk is recommended but often requires fortification to provide sufficient nutrients. Different fortification methods aim to optimize growth rates while avoiding risks like necrotizing enterocolitis. New fortifiers containing partially hydrolyzed proteins have shown improved growth outcomes over
To highlight the importance of Early Brain & Child Development (EBCD).
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This document contains abstracts from multiple studies on the effects of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on health. The studies cover topics like the impact of DHA supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on infant neurodevelopment, the role of DHA in brain health and cognitive functions, differences in omega-3 fatty acid metabolism between men and women, DHA status in Brazilian pregnant women, and the cellular mechanisms of DHA-derived neuroprotectin D1.
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The study identified 11 factors that contribute to stunting in children under 5 years old in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The strongest associated factor was complications during pregnancy like intrauterine growth restriction. Other significant factors included mid-parental height less than 150cm, low household income, low birth weight, use of pacifiers, lower maternal education, unemployed fathers, anemia in children, bottle feeding, lack of minimum dietary diversity, and care by babysitters. Addressing these maternal, socioeconomic, childcare and nutritional factors through community interventions and policies could help reduce the high prevalence of stunting in Putrajaya.
2. Why neurocognitive
development?
Neurocognitive development is an
important part of infant
development
Sets the foundation for success or
failure in learning and life
I would like to continue my
education in infant/childhood
development
3. Outline
DHA background
DHA in the brain
Thesis
Studies: Baboons, DHA insufficiency, and supplementation
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion
4. What is DHA?
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA)
One of the most abundant LCPUFAs found in the central
nervous system (CNS)
Obtained in small amounts from precursors Linoleic and α-
linolenic acid
Available through diet from preformed sources like fatty fish and
fish oil supplementation
5. Recommendations
No specific DHA recommendation
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010, reports there is
evidence that intake of eight to ten ounces of seafood low in
methyl mercury per week aids in visual and cognitive development.
6. DHA In The Brain
Third trimester of gestation is the time
of greatest DHA accumulation in the
brain during this timeframe
DHA is found in higher concentrations
in grey matter compared to white matter
Grey matter
Location of most of the brain’s
neurons, specifically cell bodies
Roles in cognitive skills and
tasks
White matter
Myelinated axons which
connects grey areas of the
brain together
Carry nerve impulses between
neurons
Myelin helps increase the
speed of transmission of
nerve signals
7. Thesis
“To develop a better understanding of the role of DHA in infant
neurocognitive development; both prenatally and postnatally, trials in
brain development, DHA insufficiency, and supplementations need to
be compared in order to determine if an increase of DHA intake is
necessary to promote development”.
8. “The influence of long chain polyunsaturate
supplementation on docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic
acid in baboon neonate central nervous system.”
12 baboon neonates born ~182 days gestation chosen and split
into 3 groups of 4 per group
Each group fed a different formula for twelve weeks
Control formula: did not contain DHA and ARA (C)
Formula 2: contained 0.33% DHA and 0.67% ARA (L)
Formula 3: contained 1% DHA and 0.67% ARA (L3)
Blinded study
9. Data Collection
At 12 weeks the baboons were euthanized and tissue was collected from the
precentral gyrus (site involved in planning, control, and voluntary
movements) of the cerebral cortex and used for a microarray analysis
A microarray analysis is used to test DNA fragments to measure the
expression levels of a large number of genes
Gene expression is the process by which the information from a gene is used
10. Results
Changes were reported in expression levels of 1108 probe sets
between L2/C formulas and L3/C formulas
More probes resulted to be upregulated in the cerebral cortex in
response to formula containing ARA and DHA.
Probes that showed upregulation where characterized having
functions ranging from lipid metabolism, development, visual
perception, G-protein and signal transduction, regulation of
transcription cell cycle, and others.
11. Values go through
either an
inverse/reciprocal
transformation or a
logarithmic
transformation,
which is why some
numbers are negative
and some are positive
12. "Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency in Infants before
Birth Identified Using a Randomized Trial of
Maternal DHA Supplementation in Pregnancy."
Double blind, randomized trial
Had to be within 16 weeks of gestation, not taking any kind of lipid or
fatty acid supplementation, and not expected to have any complications
throughout the rest of the pregnancy
Mothers socio-demographic characteristics and IQ assessed
400 mg/d DHA or a placebo containing corn and soybean oil (Does not
contain DHA).
114 women in DHA group
103 women in placebo group
13. Results
Infants who received the placebo had a higher risk of not reaching
the same level of language skills as the DHA group.
Infants in the placebo group were at increased risk of not reaching
the same visual acuity level as the DHA group
Ability for the eye to see fine detail
14. “Effects of Early Maternal Docosahexaenoic Acid
Intake on Neuropsychological Status and Visual Acuity
at Five Years of Age of Breast-Fed Term Infants”
Mothers given either a capsule containing 200 mg/d of DHA or a
capsule containing vegetable oil from the time of delivery until 4
months postpartum
60 mothers in DHA group
59 mothers in control group
Infants were breastfed during this 4 month timeframe
15. Results
Children’s whose mothers received the DHA supplementation had a
significantly higher Bayley Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) at 30
months of age compared to children whose mothers received the placebo
PDI: Refers to motor skill, conceptual functioning, and psychological functioning
Children were followed for 5 years and assessed on their visual function and
neurodevelopmental outcomes
Results showed there were no significant differences between the two groups in
visual function
Neurodevelopmental outcomes showed no difference between the groups on
measures of gross motor development, fine motor development,
perceptual/visual motor development, verbal skills, or emerging executive factors
Children whose mothers received the DHA supplement performed better on the
sustained attention subtest of the Leiter International Performance Scale
16. Discussion
Results of prenatal and postnatal supplementation studies varied
depending on the timing of DHA supplementation and age in
which the assessment was conducted
Studies found that DHA was more beneficial prenatally and in the
early stages of infancy compared to later in childhood
DHA in the body is able to reach levels low enough to affect
neurocognitive development
17. Limitations
Unethical
Subject adherence was not the best in the studies
Information is up for individual interpretations because
studies conducted hold different limits and different tests
are used to analyze the data
Most research included ARA so it was hard finding
studies that only focused on DHA supplementation
18. Should DHA supplementation be included in
prenatal vitamin recommendations?
Prenatal supplementations have been
recommended for women who are pregnant
or trying to become pregnant, to improve
their health and the health of their offspring.
Inconclusive results
More research still needs to be done in order
to make a decision
19. Conclusion
There seems to be more data that shows DHA
supplementation might be more beneficial to infants born
preterm than infants born at term
More beneficial in early stages of infancy compared to
later in childhood
Still can not come to the conclusion that DHA should be
added to prenatal supplementation until more research is
done.
20. References
Diaz, Guan-Yeu, Andrea T. Hsieh, Eszter A. Sarkadi-Nagy, Vasuki
Wijendran, and Peter W. Nathanielsz. "The influence of long chain
polyunsaturate supplementation on docosahexaenoic acid and
arachidonic acid in baboon neonate central nervous system." BioMed
Cental Medicine 3.11 (2005). PubMed. Web. 1 Jan. 2016
Mulder, Kelly A., D. Janette King, and Sheila M. Innis. "Omega-3 Fatty
Acid Deficiency in Infants before Birth Identified Using a Randomized
Trial of Maternal DHA Supplementation in Pregnancy." PLOS ONE 9.1.
PubMed. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.
Jensen, Craig L., Robert G. Voigt, Antonio M. Llorente, Sarika U. Peters,
and Thomas C. Prager. "Effects of Early Maternal Docosahexaenoic
Acid Intake on Neuropsychological Status and Visual Acuity at Five
Years of Age of Breast-Fed Term Infants." The Journal of Pediatrics 157.6
(2010). PubMed. Web. 1 Feb. 2016.