Marijuana should not be used by breastfeeding mothers as it may impair judgment and childcare abilities. Trace amounts of THC can be detected in breastmilk after marijuana use. One study found occasional marijuana use did not negatively impact infants, but regular daily use may cause minor motor development delays. Further research is still needed due to limited data.
Confused about HRT?
Confused about the Women's Health Initiative?
Confused about estrogen and cancer?
Not all HRT is the same.
Find out here what the answers are from the most experienced HRT educator in the world.
Confused about HRT?
Confused about the Women's Health Initiative?
Confused about estrogen and cancer?
Not all HRT is the same.
Find out here what the answers are from the most experienced HRT educator in the world.
Overview of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), a drug withdrawal syndrome resulting from sudden discontinuation of prolonged fetal exposure in utero. Topics include epidemiology, health care expenditures, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, management, and long-term outcomes.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is a growing problem in Tennessee. NAS happens when babies are in contact with
medications or illegal drugs in the womb. These babies form a physical dependence on the drug used by their mother
during pregnancy. After birth, they experience withdrawal just like adults. Withdrawal symptoms vary, but can include high-pitched crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes and inconsolability. In some cases, drug dependent babies suffer seizures as well.
Overview of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), a drug withdrawal syndrome resulting from sudden discontinuation of prolonged fetal exposure in utero. Topics include epidemiology, health care expenditures, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, management, and long-term outcomes.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Neonatal abstinence syndrome is a growing problem in Tennessee. NAS happens when babies are in contact with
medications or illegal drugs in the womb. These babies form a physical dependence on the drug used by their mother
during pregnancy. After birth, they experience withdrawal just like adults. Withdrawal symptoms vary, but can include high-pitched crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes and inconsolability. In some cases, drug dependent babies suffer seizures as well.
The world is watching as Canada becomes one of the first countries to legalize recreational cannabis, and there's still much we don't know about how this huge social change will affect our lives.
In this webinar, Dr. Chris Wilkes, MD, from UCalgary's Cumming School of Medicine reviews what the research to date tells us about the impact of cannabis on the brain, and what needs further study. Dr. Fiona Clement, PhD, whose team compiled the Cannabis evidence series for the Alberta provincial government, looks at the factors informing government policy, including evidence from other jurisdictions that have legalized marijuana.
Watch the full webinar recording at https://go.ucalgary.ca/2018-07-11URNAP-WhatdoeslegalizedcannabismeanforCanadians_LPRegistration.html
This persuasive essay strives to explain the benefits and consequences of marijuana use by mothers. This essay focuses on use by individuals who are no longer pregnant or breastfeeding, but who struggle with the stressors of motherhood.
Intrauterine alcohol exposure and offspring mental health: A systematic reviewBARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
2
Abstract
Background: High levels of alcohol use in pregnancy have been shown to be associated with negative physical health consequences in offspring. However, the literature is less clear
on the association of alcohol use in pregnancy and offspring mental health disorders. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate studies examining this association.
Methods: Studies were identified by searching PsycINFO, PubMed and Web of Science, and were included if they examined alcohol use during pregnancy as an exposure and
offspring mental health at age 3 or older as an outcome. We excluded non-English language publications, and studies of foetal alcohol syndrome.
Results: Thirty-three studies were included and were categorised by mental health outcomes: anxiety/depression, emotional problems, total internalising problems, total
problem score, and conduct disorder. Over half of the analyses reported a positive association of intrauterine alcohol exposure and negative offspring mental health outcomes.
Conclusions: Our review suggests that maternal alcohol use during pregnancy is associated with negative offspring mental health outcomes, even at low to moderate levels of alcohol use. Future investigation using methods that allow stronger causal inference are needed to further investigate if these associations shown are causal.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
1. Cannabis
CASRN: 8063-14-7 For other data, click on the Table of Contents
Drug Levels and Effects:
Summary of Use during Lactation:
Marijuana should not be used by nursing mothers because it may impair their judgment
and child care abilities. Marijuana should not be smoked by anyone in the vicinity of
infants because the infants may be exposed by inhaling the smoke. Some evidence
indicates that paternal marijuana use increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome
in breastfed infants.
Although published data are old and limited, it appears that active components of
marijuana are excreted into breastmilk in small quantities. Data are from random
breastmilk screening rather than controlled studies because of ethical considerations in
administering marijuana to nursing mothers. Concern has been expressed regarding
marijuana's possible effects on neurotransmitters, nervous system development and
endocannabinoid-related functions.[1][2] One long-term study found that daily or near
daily use might retard the breastfed infant's motor development, but not growth or
intellectual development.[3] This and another study[4] found that occasional maternal
marijuana use during breastfeeding did not have any discernable effects on breastfed
infants, but the studies were inadequate to rule out all long-term harm. Although
marijuana can affect serum prolactin variably, it appears not to adversely affect the
duration of lactation.
Other factors to consider are the possibility of positive urine tests in breastfed infants
which might have legal implications, and the possibility of other harmful contaminants
in street drugs.
Drug Levels:
The main active component of marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC),
although it also contains other active compounds. THC is very fat soluble and persistent
in the body fat of users and slowly released over days to weeks, depending on the extent
of use.
Maternal Levels. Two women who smoked marijuana daily while nursing had their
randomly collected milk analyzed. One mother who reported smoking marijuana once
daily had a milk tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of 105 mcg/L; other metabolites
were absent. The second mother who reported smoking marijuana 7 to 8 times daily had
a milk THC concentration of 340 mcg/L; the metabolite 11-hydroxy-THC was found in
a concentration of 4 mcg/L and 9-carboxy-THC was absent. A milk sample that was
collected 1 hour after smoking marijuana contained 60.3 mcg/L of THC, 1.1 mcg/L of
11-hydroxy-THC and 1.6 mcg/L of 9-carboxy-THC.[5] One source used data in this
study to estimate that the infant receives about 0.8% of the maternal weight-adjusted
dosage.[6]
2. Infant Levels. The urine of 2 breastfed infants whose mothers smoked marijuana found
none of the 9-carboxy-THC metabolite. One mother reported smoking marijuana once
daily and the other reported smoking marijuana 7 to 8 times daily. Analysis of the feces
of the latter mother's infant revealed a higher proportion of metabolites than THC,
indicating that THC was probably absorbed from the milk, metabolized by the infant,
and excreted in feces.[5]
Effects in Breastfed Infants:
Sixty-two infants whose mothers reported smoking marijuana during breastfeeding
were compared at 1 year of age to the infants of mothers who smoked marijuana during
pregnancy but not during breastfeeding. No differences were found in growth, or on
mental and motor development.[4]
Sixty-eight infants whose mothers reported smoking marijuana during breastfeeding
were compared to 68 matched control infants whose mothers did not smoke marijuana.
The duration of breastfeeding varied, but the majority of infants were breastfeed for 3
months and received less than 16 fluid ounces of formula daily. Motor development of
the marijuana-exposed infants was slightly reduced in a dose-dependent (i.e., number of
reported joints per week) manner at 1 year of age, especially among those who reported
smoking marijuana on more than 15 days/month during the first month of lactation. No
effect was found on mental development.[3]
A small, case-control study found that paternal marijuana smoking postpartum
increased the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. In this study, too few nursing
mothers smoked marijuana to form any conclusion.[7]
Possible Effects on Lactation:
Acute one-time marijuana smoking suppresses serum concentrations of luteinizing
hormone and prolactin in nonpregnant, nonlactating women.[8][9][10] However,
hyperprolactinemia has been reported in chronic marijuana users,[11][12][13] and
galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia were reported in a woman who smoked marijuana
for over 1 year.[13] The prolactin level in a mother with established lactation may not
affect her ability to breastfeed.
Of 258 mothers who reported smoking marijuana during pregnancy, 62 who had
smoked marijuana during breastfeeding were followed-up at 1 year. No difference was
found in the age of weaning between these mothers and those who reported not smoking
marijuana during breastfeeding.[4]
A prospective study in a Canadian, middle-class population found no effect of maternal
marijuana use during lactation and the duration of breastfeeding.[14]
3. References:
1. Schuel H, Burkman LJ, Lippes J et al. N-acylethanolamines in human reproductive
fluids. Chem Phys Lipids. 2002;121:211-27. PMID: 12505702
2. Fernandez-Ruiz J, Gomez M, Hernandez M et al. Cannabinoids and gene expression
during brain development. Neurotox Res. 2004;6:389-401. PMID: 15545023
3. Astley SJ, Little RE. Maternal marijuana use during lactation and infant development
at one year. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1990;12:161-8. PMID: 2333069
4. Tennes K, Avitable N, Blackard C et al. Marijuana: prenatal and postnatal exposure
in the human. NIDA Res Monogr. 1985;59:48-60. PMID: 3929132
5. Perez-Reyes M, Wall ME. Presence of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in human milk.
N Engl J Med. 1982;307:819-20. Letter. PMID: 6287261
6. Bennett PN, ed. Drugs and human lactation, 2nd ed. Amsterdam. Elsevier. 1996.
7. Klonoff-Cohen H, Lam-Kruglick P. Maternal and paternal recreational drug use and
sudden infant death syndrome. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155:765-70. PMID:
11434841
8. Mendelson JH, Mello NK, Ellingboe J et al. Marihuana smoking suppresses
luteinizing hormone in women. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1986;237:862-6. PMID:
3012072
9. Mendelson JH, Mello NK, Ellingboe J. Acute effects of marihuana smoking on
prolactin levels on human females. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1985;232:220-2. PMID:
3965692
10. Murphy LL, Munoz RM, Adrian BA, Villanua MA. Function of cannabinoid
receptors in the neuroendocrine regulation of hormone secretion. Neurobiol Dis. 1998;5
(6 Pt B):432-46. PMID: 9974176
11. Olusi SO. Hyperprolactinaemia in patients with suspected cannabis-induced
gynaecomastia. Lancet. 1980;1:255. PMID: 6101701
12. Harmon J, Aliapoulios MA. Gynecomastia in marihuana users. N Engl J Med.
1972;287:936. Letter. PMID: 5075561
13. Rizvi AA. Hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea associated with marijuana use.
Endocrinologist. 2006;16:308-10.
14. Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R. Growth from birth to early adolescence in
offspring prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marijuana. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1999 ;
21:513-25. PMID: 10492386
Substance Identification:
Substance Name: Cannabis
CAS Registry Number: 8063-14-7
Drug Class:
Cannabinoids
Street Drugs
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4. Administrative Information:
LactMed Record Number:
693
Last Revision Date:
20100212
Disclaimer: Information presented in this database is not meant as a substitute for
professional judgment. You should consult your healthcare provider for breastfeeding
advice related to your particular situation. The U.S. government does not warrant or
assume any liability or responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the
information on this Site.