Running head RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT - FINAL 16RE.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT - FINAL 1
6
RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT
Research Critique & PICOT Statement – Final Draft
Student’s Name
NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research
Grand Canyon University
Due Date
Research Critique & PICOT Statement - Final Draft
Give a brief introduction of this paper as it is the final draft. In this section include the names of the studies that were critiqued in the qualitative and quantitative sections below with the cited reference after the name of each study. The graded assignments from weeks one, two and three should be the basis for this assignment. The corrections made for all sections of those assignments according to the instructor’s comments should be clearly present. Do not include the instructor’s comments. Just make the corrections and put them in the proper places noted by the headings below. Throughout this paper, you should use spell check and grammar check always. Speak in the active voice and not a passive voice. Support statements with references. Use citations in all sections when references are made to the study or studies used in this paper. (Keep the word count between 1500 and 1750 words. Going outside of the word count will cause a 10% deduction of total points.)
Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Statement
Nursing Practice Problem
State the practice problem that is relevant to nursing. This should be an extension of the PICOT question that was in the introduction of the literature Search on Week 1 of this class. The PICOT question should support the nursing practice problem with current research. Be clear, concise and relate the problem to nursing practice. State how current research supports this problem. Describe the relevant details and explain how the PICOT statement is linked or related to nursing practice. Current research must be used to show how the PICOT supports the nursing practice problem.
PICOT Statement
State the PICOT statement in a question. State the PICOT question using the format noted in the article on “EBP- Step-by-Step- Asking the Clinical Question: A Key Step in Evidence-Based Practice” by Stillwell, Fineout-Overhold & Melnyk (2010) found with the template for this assignment. Discuss the link betweenthe PICOT question, the nursing practice problem & evidence-based practice change how they are connected to relevant details supporting explanation.
Qualitative Study
Background of Study
Keep this section to just the criteria of the qualitative study. The clinical and research problem of the study, significance of the study, purpose of the study and main research question or hypothesis should be described briefly in this section.
Methods of Study
What qualitative methods were used to answer the research question stated above? Were there quantitative and qualitative studies of the literature review relevant to the focus of the study that were cited by the author? Were the references current? Were there weaknesses of the available studies us.
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docxtemplestewart19
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1: QUANTITATIVERESEARCH &TOPIC 2:QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Do not worry about the word count as this is not part of the grading criteria for this assignment. Below is a template of how the paper should be setup. This paper will be in APA format. In the template below I am providing a sample of the headers that should be used in APA format to organize your paper. I would highly recommend using them in your paper.
The introduction should introduce the paper. The intro would also include your thesis statement. The thesis tells the reader what will be discussed in the rest of the paper. This section should be in first paragraphs.
PICOT Statement
Revise the PICOT statement you wrote - PICOT Statements: (1). Changes in leisure time physical activity preference and development of hypertension were significantly correlated, especially among urban Chinese. Hypertension prevention programs may identify the groups at elevated risk by examining levels and changes of LTPA preferences. (2). Hypertension is a major health concern that leads to many complications besides the heart attack, heart failure and other related issues. Therefore, this study will help in studying the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) so as to arrive at the solutions. The study will aim at answering the question, how to treat to lower systolic blood pressure. (3). There are several reasons that contributed to non-adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients. Diversity of these reasons is an indication that design and implementation of different kinds of interventions are required in order to increase the patients' awareness, empower them and encourage self-efficacy.” Based on these provide justification of the problem and supporting evidence from multiple resources to justify why this is a problem. This section should be 1-2 paragraphs.
Research Critiques
Use the research critiques to complete this assignment that has both qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative Studies
Background of the study. Answer the following questions in narrative form regarding the qualitative studies in this section.
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
.
Page 1 Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist and Sum.docxhoney690131
Page | 1
Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist and Summary
Find a minimum of 4 research articles related to nursing or medicine.
• Part 1: Complete the chart for each article (4 total).
• Part II: Write a summary. See specific criteria below.
Part I:
Use this table to assist you when analyzing the research that is most relevant to the
topic.
Put the source citation in APA here along with a link to the source.
Elements for Analysis
Review Findings
Why was the study done?
What is the problem as it is presented
in the research study article?
Will the study solve a problem relevant
to nursing?
(Make sure that the study is directly
relevant to your topic/ and or clinical
question.)
What is the study setting?
(Include who, where and when.)
Page | 2
What is the sample size? (Size can and
should vary according to the nature of the
study.)
What was the process for randomization?
Are instruments of the variables in the
study clearly defined and reliable?
What are the independent and
dependent variables in this study?
Are the operational definitions of the
variables given? If so, are they
concrete and measurable?
Is the research question or the
hypothesis stated? What is it?
(Make sure the variables were consistently
applied throughout the study and that they
measured what the research said they
were going to measure.)
(Report reliability and validity statistics if
noted.)
How were the data analyzed?
Page | 3
Were there any unusual events during the
study? (If the sample size changed, do the
reasons for the change have ramifications
on its replicability?)
Did participants drop from the research?
Why?
How do the results fit in with previous
research in this area? (Compare to your
other sources.)
Do the studies build upon previous
research?
What are the implications of the research
for clinical practice?
Is the study relevant and important to the
clinical question?
Are the results applicable to your set or
subset of patients or sample, identify the
risks and benefits of a treatment
recommendation or conform to patient
preferences?
What are the findings as reported by the
researcher?
Adapted from “Demystifying Research: Simplifying Critical Appraisal”. Anne Dabrow Woods, MSN, RN, CRNP, ANP-BC Chief Nurse of
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins and Ovid, and publisher of AJN: American Journal of Nursing. www.ovid.com May 7, 2012.
Part II: Summarization (2-3 pages)
• Describe the similarities and differences among the four research articles.
http://www.ovid.com/
Put the source citation in APA here along with a link to the source: Review FindingsWhy was the study done What is the problem as it is presented in the research study article Will the study solve a problem relevant to nursing Make sure that the study is directly relevant to your topic and or clinical questi.
At the end of this presentation you will be able to:
Define evidence-based practice
Describe process & outline steps of EBP
Understand PICO elements & search strategy
Identify resources to support EBP
The focus of this presentation is nursing practice, although it is still of value to physicians and other health care professionals.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
Running head RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT - FINAL 16RE.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT - FINAL 1
6
RESEARCH CRITIQUE & PICOT
Research Critique & PICOT Statement – Final Draft
Student’s Name
NRS-433V Introduction to Nursing Research
Grand Canyon University
Due Date
Research Critique & PICOT Statement - Final Draft
Give a brief introduction of this paper as it is the final draft. In this section include the names of the studies that were critiqued in the qualitative and quantitative sections below with the cited reference after the name of each study. The graded assignments from weeks one, two and three should be the basis for this assignment. The corrections made for all sections of those assignments according to the instructor’s comments should be clearly present. Do not include the instructor’s comments. Just make the corrections and put them in the proper places noted by the headings below. Throughout this paper, you should use spell check and grammar check always. Speak in the active voice and not a passive voice. Support statements with references. Use citations in all sections when references are made to the study or studies used in this paper. (Keep the word count between 1500 and 1750 words. Going outside of the word count will cause a 10% deduction of total points.)
Nursing Practice Problem and PICOT Statement
Nursing Practice Problem
State the practice problem that is relevant to nursing. This should be an extension of the PICOT question that was in the introduction of the literature Search on Week 1 of this class. The PICOT question should support the nursing practice problem with current research. Be clear, concise and relate the problem to nursing practice. State how current research supports this problem. Describe the relevant details and explain how the PICOT statement is linked or related to nursing practice. Current research must be used to show how the PICOT supports the nursing practice problem.
PICOT Statement
State the PICOT statement in a question. State the PICOT question using the format noted in the article on “EBP- Step-by-Step- Asking the Clinical Question: A Key Step in Evidence-Based Practice” by Stillwell, Fineout-Overhold & Melnyk (2010) found with the template for this assignment. Discuss the link betweenthe PICOT question, the nursing practice problem & evidence-based practice change how they are connected to relevant details supporting explanation.
Qualitative Study
Background of Study
Keep this section to just the criteria of the qualitative study. The clinical and research problem of the study, significance of the study, purpose of the study and main research question or hypothesis should be described briefly in this section.
Methods of Study
What qualitative methods were used to answer the research question stated above? Were there quantitative and qualitative studies of the literature review relevant to the focus of the study that were cited by the author? Were the references current? Were there weaknesses of the available studies us.
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1 QUANTITAT.docxtemplestewart19
For this assignment you willwrite a paper using TOPIC 1: QUANTITATIVERESEARCH &TOPIC 2:QUALITATIVE RESEARCH. Do not worry about the word count as this is not part of the grading criteria for this assignment. Below is a template of how the paper should be setup. This paper will be in APA format. In the template below I am providing a sample of the headers that should be used in APA format to organize your paper. I would highly recommend using them in your paper.
The introduction should introduce the paper. The intro would also include your thesis statement. The thesis tells the reader what will be discussed in the rest of the paper. This section should be in first paragraphs.
PICOT Statement
Revise the PICOT statement you wrote - PICOT Statements: (1). Changes in leisure time physical activity preference and development of hypertension were significantly correlated, especially among urban Chinese. Hypertension prevention programs may identify the groups at elevated risk by examining levels and changes of LTPA preferences. (2). Hypertension is a major health concern that leads to many complications besides the heart attack, heart failure and other related issues. Therefore, this study will help in studying the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) so as to arrive at the solutions. The study will aim at answering the question, how to treat to lower systolic blood pressure. (3). There are several reasons that contributed to non-adherence to treatment in hypertensive patients. Diversity of these reasons is an indication that design and implementation of different kinds of interventions are required in order to increase the patients' awareness, empower them and encourage self-efficacy.” Based on these provide justification of the problem and supporting evidence from multiple resources to justify why this is a problem. This section should be 1-2 paragraphs.
Research Critiques
Use the research critiques to complete this assignment that has both qualitative and quantitative.
Qualitative Studies
Background of the study. Answer the following questions in narrative form regarding the qualitative studies in this section.
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
.
Page 1 Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist and Sum.docxhoney690131
Page | 1
Rapid Critical Appraisal Checklist and Summary
Find a minimum of 4 research articles related to nursing or medicine.
• Part 1: Complete the chart for each article (4 total).
• Part II: Write a summary. See specific criteria below.
Part I:
Use this table to assist you when analyzing the research that is most relevant to the
topic.
Put the source citation in APA here along with a link to the source.
Elements for Analysis
Review Findings
Why was the study done?
What is the problem as it is presented
in the research study article?
Will the study solve a problem relevant
to nursing?
(Make sure that the study is directly
relevant to your topic/ and or clinical
question.)
What is the study setting?
(Include who, where and when.)
Page | 2
What is the sample size? (Size can and
should vary according to the nature of the
study.)
What was the process for randomization?
Are instruments of the variables in the
study clearly defined and reliable?
What are the independent and
dependent variables in this study?
Are the operational definitions of the
variables given? If so, are they
concrete and measurable?
Is the research question or the
hypothesis stated? What is it?
(Make sure the variables were consistently
applied throughout the study and that they
measured what the research said they
were going to measure.)
(Report reliability and validity statistics if
noted.)
How were the data analyzed?
Page | 3
Were there any unusual events during the
study? (If the sample size changed, do the
reasons for the change have ramifications
on its replicability?)
Did participants drop from the research?
Why?
How do the results fit in with previous
research in this area? (Compare to your
other sources.)
Do the studies build upon previous
research?
What are the implications of the research
for clinical practice?
Is the study relevant and important to the
clinical question?
Are the results applicable to your set or
subset of patients or sample, identify the
risks and benefits of a treatment
recommendation or conform to patient
preferences?
What are the findings as reported by the
researcher?
Adapted from “Demystifying Research: Simplifying Critical Appraisal”. Anne Dabrow Woods, MSN, RN, CRNP, ANP-BC Chief Nurse of
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins and Ovid, and publisher of AJN: American Journal of Nursing. www.ovid.com May 7, 2012.
Part II: Summarization (2-3 pages)
• Describe the similarities and differences among the four research articles.
http://www.ovid.com/
Put the source citation in APA here along with a link to the source: Review FindingsWhy was the study done What is the problem as it is presented in the research study article Will the study solve a problem relevant to nursing Make sure that the study is directly relevant to your topic and or clinical questi.
At the end of this presentation you will be able to:
Define evidence-based practice
Describe process & outline steps of EBP
Understand PICO elements & search strategy
Identify resources to support EBP
The focus of this presentation is nursing practice, although it is still of value to physicians and other health care professionals.
(1) Critique Template for a Qualitative StudyNURS 6052Week.docxkatherncarlyle
(1): Critique Template for a Qualitative Study
NURS 6052
Week 6 Assignment: Application: Critiquing Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Methods Studies (due by Day 7 of Week 7)
Date:
Your name:
Article reference (in APA style):
URL:
What is a critique? Simply stated, a critique is a critical analysis undertaken for some purpose. Nurses critique research for three main reasons: to improve their practice, to broaden their understanding, and to provide a base for the conduct of a study.
When the purpose is to improve practice, nurses must give special consideration to questions such as these:
· Are the research findings appropriate to my practice setting and situation?
· What further research or pilot studies need to be done, if any, before incorporating findings into practice to assure both safety and effectiveness?
· How might a proposed change in practice trigger changes in other aspects of practice?
To help you synthesize your learning throughout this course and prepare you to utilize research in your practice, you will be critiquing a qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-methods research study of your choice.
If the article is unavailable in a full-text version through the Walden University Library, you must e-mail the article as a PDF or Word attachment to your Instructor.
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH CRITIQUE
1. Research Issue and Purpose
What is the research question or issue of the referenced study? What is its purpose? (Sometimes ONLY the purpose is stated clearly and the question must be inferred from the introductory discussion of the purpose.)
2. Researcher Pre-understandings
Does the article include a discussion of the researcher’s pre-understandings? What does the article disclose about the researcher’s professional and personal perspectives on the research problem?
3. Literature Review
What is the quality of the literature review? Is the literature review current, relevant? Is there evidence that the author critiqued the literature or merely reported it without critique? Is there an integrated summary of the current knowledge base regarding the research problem, or does the literature review contain opinion or anecdotal articles without any synthesis or summary of the whole? (Sometimes the literature review is incorporated into the introductory section without being explicitly identified.)
4. Theoretical or Conceptual Framework
Is a theoretical or conceptual framework identified? If so, what is it? Is it a nursing framework or one drawn from another discipline? (Sometimes there is no explicitly identified theoretical or conceptual framework; in addition, many “nursing” research studies draw on a “borrowed” framework, e.g., stress, medical pathology, etc.)
5. Participants
Who were the participants? Is the setting or study group adequately described? Is the setting appropriate for the research question? What type of sampling strategy was used? Was it appropriate? Was the sample size adequate? Did t ...
There are multiple steps to make sure the researcher is prepared a.docxrhetttrevannion
There are multiple steps to make sure the researcher is prepared and has met the requirements to submit research to a professional journal. Here are a few from our textbook.
1. Select a journal that matches the subject of your study and make sure the journal publishes research
2. What is the rejection rate and have similar articles been published lately? Make sure the research paper will add value to the journal to avoid rejection
3. Follow all format rules including any page limitations and make sure the article is of interest to the journal.
4. Assemble all your material such as references, the original proposal, and other pertinent materials before creating the outline. The outline should include an introduction that catches the reader’s attention, the importance and purpose of the study, include a research question such as PICO and a hypothesis, and ask a friend to review and critique the manuscript.
I feel the biggest obstacle would be finding research subject matter that hasn’t already been written about. What could I add to the research that is already out there? Another obstacle would be time and money.
Tappen, R. M. (2015). Advanced Nursing Research (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781284132496
Submitting research papers to professional journals can be a competitive and difficult process, and due process must be followed. Typically, the first step is to locate a journal. Notably, researchers should first identify journals that might be the best fit for publishing their findings. Researchers can use the JournalFinder tool to match their research papers and learn more about each journal. The second step is to get the paper ready for submission. Researchers must be aware of the requirements for the specific journal in order to prepare their research papers accordingly (Van Teijlingen et al., 2017). Researchers must follow specific guidelines for authors of the journal to which they are submitting. The following step is to submit and revise your work. Checking the open access options on the journal's home page, considering the options for sharing research data, being accurate and clear when monitoring proofs, and being aware of copyright and licensing are some of the tips for submitting research. When a research paper is submitted, it is reviewed by editors and, if it passes the screening, it is sent for peer-review by experts in the field.
The fourth step is to keep track of the research. Because most journals have automated their services, researchers can track their papers online. Researchers are given a reference number after submitting their work, which they can use to track their progress. Researchers should share and promote their research once it has been published in order to have a greater impact. Sharing research, accomplishments, and goals with a larger audience increases visibility in relevant fields (Kline, 2018). As a result, the research is cited more freque.
NURS-6052N-37, Essent of Evidence-Based Pract.2017Discussion-1.docxcarlibradley31429
NURS-6052N-37, Essent of Evidence-Based Pract.2017
Discussion:-1
Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
In your practice as a nurse, you may use procedures and methods that did not necessarily originate in evidence, but instead were derived from informal and unwritten conventions, traditions, and observations. While these techniques may have merit, practices are constantly being updated and contradicted by information from scholarly research studies and professional guidelines. This new information serves as “evidence” for revising practices to improve outcomes across health care.
Based on this evidence, you can formulate a question. In this Discussion, you consider the use of evidence-based practice in your own organization and formulate a question that you will need to answer for your portfolio project. This is called a PICOT question. You will also investigate strategies for overcoming barriers to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP).
To prepare:
Consider a recent clinical experience in which you were providing care for a patient.
Determine the extent to which the care that you provided was based on evidence and research findings or supported only by your organization’s standard procedures. How do you know if the tasks were based on research?
What questions have you thought about in a particular area of care such as a procedure or policy?
Review Chapter 2, pages 31–34 on “Asking Well worded Clinical Questions” in Polit & Beck and consult the resource from the Walden Student Center for Success: Clinical Question Anatomy & examples of PICOT questions (found in this week’s Learning Resources). Formulate your background questions and PICOT question.
Reflect on the barriers that might inhibit the implementation of evidence-based practice in your clinical environment.
Review the article “Adopting Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Decision Making” in this week’s Learning Resources. Select one of the barriers described that is evident in your organization and formulate a plan for overcoming this barrier.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment”
This chapter provides an introduction to nursing research, its history, and the evolution of evidence-based practice. It includes an overview of credible sources of evidences and a description of the different paradigms used in nursing research.
Chapter 2, “Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice”
The focus of this chapter includes an overview of the key aspects of evidence-based practice, a review of how to identify credible research and appraise its value, and, finally, a discussion on how to take the identified evidence and convert it into a practice.
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxLacieKlineeb
Overview of Evidence-based
Practice and the Research Process
What is EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE?
A systematic review of critical appraisal and synthesis of the most relevant research.
Clinical Expertise
Patient Preferences and Values
Initiatives to Advance EBP
To Err is Human: Institute of Medicine (IOM): Building a Safer Health System
Initiatives driving the movement
IOM’s goal: By 2020, 90% health care will be evidence-based
US Preventive Services Task Force (sponsored by AHRQ): analyzing evidence and publishing guidelines (Guide to Preventive Clinical Services)
Magnet Recognition Program (ANA): mandate nursing research and use of EBP
Goal of EBP
OPTIMUM PATIENT OUTCOMES
Once you begin to look for
evidence-based projects,
you’ll start to see them everywhere!
SOURCES OF EVIDENCE
Research Findings
Agency quality monitoring data
Data from national databases
Expert opinions
Scientific principles
Research prOCESS
Conducting Research:
Steps of the Research Process
1. Identify issue or question
2. Formulate research question
3. Review the literature
If further research is needed:
4. Determine theoretical framework
5. Design the study
6. Select the sample
7. Collect data
8. Analyze data
9. Interpret results
If indicated, change practice!
Step ONE: Identify issue
Step Two: formulate Research Question
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Questions (quantitative):
Identify the target population
State an intervention or treatment (independent variable)
List the variables to be measured/outcomes (dependent variables)
Sample Research Question
Do pediatric patients who are given a
reward when they cooperate during
nursing procedures tend to be more
cooperative during those procedures
than unrewarded peers?
12
Sample Research Question
What are the relationships among spiritual well-being, sleep quality, and health status in HIV-infected men and women?
13
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
What are the effects of weekly quizzes on the grades of nursing students?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
Do nursing students who participate in study groups earn higher grades on final exams?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
Is there a difference in patient satisfaction scores between patients who have had nursing students care for them and patients who have not had nursing students assigned to them?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Avoid “Yes” or “No” Question Formats
.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN NURSING.docxHaraLakambini
-Evidence-based Practice in Nursing
-Steps of Evidence-Based Practice
-Hierarchy of Evidence | Quantitative Questions
-Elements of Evidence-Based Practice
-Nursing Research
-Types of Research
-Rights of Human Subject
-Comparison of Nursing Process with Research Process Table
-Performance Improvement in Nursing
-Examples of Performance Improvement Models
-Relationship between Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Performance Improvement
-Similarities and Differences among Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Performance Improvement
HCM 440 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docxshericehewat
HCM 440 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
Healthcare administrators, managers, and executives are responsible for planning, directing, and coordinating health services at various levels for the
populations they serve. Interpreting research is integral to the role of a healthcare professional, especially when conducting a needs assessment for program
planning.
In this course, you will choose a clinical area of interest related to healthcare administration and create an annotated bibliography. For your final assessment,
you will compose an integrated review. In this review, you will discuss the criteria necessary for inclusion or exclusion in the research study, critique the quality
of each study, and present a synthesis of the results.
This integrated review will address the following course outcomes:
1. Critique ethical issues in healthcare research for their influence on compliance with rules and regulations
2. Evaluate basic research strategies applicable to healthcare settings for informing research proposals
3. Assess the appropriateness of utilizing secondary databases in healthcare research as an alternative to conducting original research
4. Justify the selection of specific data analysis methodology in published healthcare research for informing healthcare research methodology
5. Select healthcare administration issues to research in validating the need for program evaluation
Prompt
Using the six peer-reviewed literature articles from your annotated bibliography, compose an integrated review that focuses on a clinical issue of interest.
Ensure that the topic of this integrated review is viewed from the perspective of a healthcare professional who is looking to validate the need for program
evaluation at your hospital, even if your annotated bibliography was not this focused.
Specifically, your integrated review should focus on the following critical elements:
I. Abstract
Craft a well-drafted abstract. Be sure to adhere to the guidelines from the latest edition of the American Psychological Association’s style guide. Consider
the appropriate length for your audience.
II. Introduction
a) State the purpose, aims, or objectives of the integrated review. What do you wish to achieve through the drafting of this review? Be explicit in
your answer.
b) Introduce the topic of interest. Why is this topic the focus of the review?
c) What is the research question you are going to focus on? If you were to prepare a research proposal, what would your hypothesis be? Why?
d) What variables are of interest to you? How will these variables help you throughout this integrated review? Be sure to label the types of
variables each of these are.
e) Discuss the background and significance of the problem to healthcare administration.
III. Literature Search
a) What keywords and combinations were used in the initial search? Which were the most effective? Explain why these keywords and
c ...
Running head: RESEARCH TYPES
1
Title of PaperStudent NameWalden University
Class Number, Section Number, Class Name
Date of Submission
SEE PAGE 5
Title of Paper
Introduction to topic that gives the audience and idea of what you will be discussing in the paper. This should be a brief paragraph that provides an overview of the key points that will be addressed. This section should be concluded with a purpose statement. The purpose of this paper is …consider the intent of the application and list all requirements.
Research Methodologies
Discuss the attributes of quantitative and qualitative research methods and compare/contrast the type of information you can obtain from both types of research. Make sure you are referencing the course learning materials as well as some external references. You should have a minimum of three course learning resource references and two credible external references. Remember that web sites are only considered credible if they end in .gov, .edu, or .org.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Discuss the reality that there are advantages and disadvantages to both types of research.
Quantitative Research
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research. When is it helpful and when is it not helpful. Consider things like type of information that you are seeking, ethics, time needed to complete, etc.
Qualitative Research
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research. When is it helpful and when is it not helpful. Consider things like type of information that you are seeking, ethics, time needed to complete, etc. Also, make sure you address the argument that qualitative research is not real science. Is this true? Why or why not? What value does qualitative research have in nursing practice?
Summary
Write a one paragraph summary of the main points of the paper. This is not an area for adding new information. That should be in the body of your paper. Do not forget to appropriately cite in references in this section too. This is a good place to pull in your course learning resources again.
References
Last name, X. (Year of publication). Name of online article. Source. Retrieved from http:// www.nameofwebsite.com
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication). Name of book here. City, State Initial: Publisher.
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication). Name of journal article: Capitalize only letters after punctuation marks. The Journal of Whatever, Volume (Number), Page-Page. doi: number if available.
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication). Name of journal article: Capitalize only letters after punctuation marks. The Journal of Whatever, Volume (Number), Page-Page. doi: number if available.
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication). Name of journal article: Capitalize only letters after punctuation marks. The Journal of Whatever, Volume (Number), Page-Page. doi: number if available.
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication) ...
TEST BANK For Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and Application of...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and Application of Research, 5th Edition by Schmidt, Brown, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and Application of Research, 5th Edition by Schmidt, Brown, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and Application of Research, 5th Edition by Schmidt, Brown, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version
Research Critique GuidelinesTo write a critical appr.docxverad6
Research Critique Guidelines
To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, address each component below for qualitative study in the Topic 2 assignment and the quantitative study in the Topic 3 assignment.
Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, or reference content from the study in your responses.
Qualitative Study
Background of Study:
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?
Method of Study:
· Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions?
· Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so, what was it?
· Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature did the author include?
· Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author may have included studies older than the 5-year limit typically used for quantitative studies. Findings of older qualitative studies may be relevant to a qualitative study.
· Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies?
· Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument?
· When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework developed from the study findings?
Results of Study
· What were the study findings?
· What are the implications to nursing?
· Explain how the findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science. Would this impact practice, education, administration, or all areas of nursing?
Ethical Considerations
· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?
· Was patient privacy protected?
· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?
Conclusion
· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.
· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.
· Incorporate a critical apprai.
There are multiple steps to make sure the researcher is prepared a.docxrhetttrevannion
There are multiple steps to make sure the researcher is prepared and has met the requirements to submit research to a professional journal. Here are a few from our textbook.
1. Select a journal that matches the subject of your study and make sure the journal publishes research
2. What is the rejection rate and have similar articles been published lately? Make sure the research paper will add value to the journal to avoid rejection
3. Follow all format rules including any page limitations and make sure the article is of interest to the journal.
4. Assemble all your material such as references, the original proposal, and other pertinent materials before creating the outline. The outline should include an introduction that catches the reader’s attention, the importance and purpose of the study, include a research question such as PICO and a hypothesis, and ask a friend to review and critique the manuscript.
I feel the biggest obstacle would be finding research subject matter that hasn’t already been written about. What could I add to the research that is already out there? Another obstacle would be time and money.
Tappen, R. M. (2015). Advanced Nursing Research (2nd ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. https://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781284132496
Submitting research papers to professional journals can be a competitive and difficult process, and due process must be followed. Typically, the first step is to locate a journal. Notably, researchers should first identify journals that might be the best fit for publishing their findings. Researchers can use the JournalFinder tool to match their research papers and learn more about each journal. The second step is to get the paper ready for submission. Researchers must be aware of the requirements for the specific journal in order to prepare their research papers accordingly (Van Teijlingen et al., 2017). Researchers must follow specific guidelines for authors of the journal to which they are submitting. The following step is to submit and revise your work. Checking the open access options on the journal's home page, considering the options for sharing research data, being accurate and clear when monitoring proofs, and being aware of copyright and licensing are some of the tips for submitting research. When a research paper is submitted, it is reviewed by editors and, if it passes the screening, it is sent for peer-review by experts in the field.
The fourth step is to keep track of the research. Because most journals have automated their services, researchers can track their papers online. Researchers are given a reference number after submitting their work, which they can use to track their progress. Researchers should share and promote their research once it has been published in order to have a greater impact. Sharing research, accomplishments, and goals with a larger audience increases visibility in relevant fields (Kline, 2018). As a result, the research is cited more freque.
NURS-6052N-37, Essent of Evidence-Based Pract.2017Discussion-1.docxcarlibradley31429
NURS-6052N-37, Essent of Evidence-Based Pract.2017
Discussion:-1
Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
In your practice as a nurse, you may use procedures and methods that did not necessarily originate in evidence, but instead were derived from informal and unwritten conventions, traditions, and observations. While these techniques may have merit, practices are constantly being updated and contradicted by information from scholarly research studies and professional guidelines. This new information serves as “evidence” for revising practices to improve outcomes across health care.
Based on this evidence, you can formulate a question. In this Discussion, you consider the use of evidence-based practice in your own organization and formulate a question that you will need to answer for your portfolio project. This is called a PICOT question. You will also investigate strategies for overcoming barriers to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP).
To prepare:
Consider a recent clinical experience in which you were providing care for a patient.
Determine the extent to which the care that you provided was based on evidence and research findings or supported only by your organization’s standard procedures. How do you know if the tasks were based on research?
What questions have you thought about in a particular area of care such as a procedure or policy?
Review Chapter 2, pages 31–34 on “Asking Well worded Clinical Questions” in Polit & Beck and consult the resource from the Walden Student Center for Success: Clinical Question Anatomy & examples of PICOT questions (found in this week’s Learning Resources). Formulate your background questions and PICOT question.
Reflect on the barriers that might inhibit the implementation of evidence-based practice in your clinical environment.
Review the article “Adopting Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Decision Making” in this week’s Learning Resources. Select one of the barriers described that is evident in your organization and formulate a plan for overcoming this barrier.
Learning Resources
Required Readings
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment”
This chapter provides an introduction to nursing research, its history, and the evolution of evidence-based practice. It includes an overview of credible sources of evidences and a description of the different paradigms used in nursing research.
Chapter 2, “Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice”
The focus of this chapter includes an overview of the key aspects of evidence-based practice, a review of how to identify credible research and appraise its value, and, finally, a discussion on how to take the identified evidence and convert it into a practice.
Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research.
Overview of Evidence-basedPractice and the Research Pro.docxLacieKlineeb
Overview of Evidence-based
Practice and the Research Process
What is EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE?
A systematic review of critical appraisal and synthesis of the most relevant research.
Clinical Expertise
Patient Preferences and Values
Initiatives to Advance EBP
To Err is Human: Institute of Medicine (IOM): Building a Safer Health System
Initiatives driving the movement
IOM’s goal: By 2020, 90% health care will be evidence-based
US Preventive Services Task Force (sponsored by AHRQ): analyzing evidence and publishing guidelines (Guide to Preventive Clinical Services)
Magnet Recognition Program (ANA): mandate nursing research and use of EBP
Goal of EBP
OPTIMUM PATIENT OUTCOMES
Once you begin to look for
evidence-based projects,
you’ll start to see them everywhere!
SOURCES OF EVIDENCE
Research Findings
Agency quality monitoring data
Data from national databases
Expert opinions
Scientific principles
Research prOCESS
Conducting Research:
Steps of the Research Process
1. Identify issue or question
2. Formulate research question
3. Review the literature
If further research is needed:
4. Determine theoretical framework
5. Design the study
6. Select the sample
7. Collect data
8. Analyze data
9. Interpret results
If indicated, change practice!
Step ONE: Identify issue
Step Two: formulate Research Question
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Questions (quantitative):
Identify the target population
State an intervention or treatment (independent variable)
List the variables to be measured/outcomes (dependent variables)
Sample Research Question
Do pediatric patients who are given a
reward when they cooperate during
nursing procedures tend to be more
cooperative during those procedures
than unrewarded peers?
12
Sample Research Question
What are the relationships among spiritual well-being, sleep quality, and health status in HIV-infected men and women?
13
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
What are the effects of weekly quizzes on the grades of nursing students?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
Do nursing students who participate in study groups earn higher grades on final exams?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Conducting Research: Formulating the research question
Research Question:
Is there a difference in patient satisfaction scores between patients who have had nursing students care for them and patients who have not had nursing students assigned to them?
What is the target audience?
What is the independent variable?
What is the dependent variable?
Avoid “Yes” or “No” Question Formats
.
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE IN NURSING.docxHaraLakambini
-Evidence-based Practice in Nursing
-Steps of Evidence-Based Practice
-Hierarchy of Evidence | Quantitative Questions
-Elements of Evidence-Based Practice
-Nursing Research
-Types of Research
-Rights of Human Subject
-Comparison of Nursing Process with Research Process Table
-Performance Improvement in Nursing
-Examples of Performance Improvement Models
-Relationship between Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Performance Improvement
-Similarities and Differences among Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Performance Improvement
HCM 440 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview .docxshericehewat
HCM 440 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
Healthcare administrators, managers, and executives are responsible for planning, directing, and coordinating health services at various levels for the
populations they serve. Interpreting research is integral to the role of a healthcare professional, especially when conducting a needs assessment for program
planning.
In this course, you will choose a clinical area of interest related to healthcare administration and create an annotated bibliography. For your final assessment,
you will compose an integrated review. In this review, you will discuss the criteria necessary for inclusion or exclusion in the research study, critique the quality
of each study, and present a synthesis of the results.
This integrated review will address the following course outcomes:
1. Critique ethical issues in healthcare research for their influence on compliance with rules and regulations
2. Evaluate basic research strategies applicable to healthcare settings for informing research proposals
3. Assess the appropriateness of utilizing secondary databases in healthcare research as an alternative to conducting original research
4. Justify the selection of specific data analysis methodology in published healthcare research for informing healthcare research methodology
5. Select healthcare administration issues to research in validating the need for program evaluation
Prompt
Using the six peer-reviewed literature articles from your annotated bibliography, compose an integrated review that focuses on a clinical issue of interest.
Ensure that the topic of this integrated review is viewed from the perspective of a healthcare professional who is looking to validate the need for program
evaluation at your hospital, even if your annotated bibliography was not this focused.
Specifically, your integrated review should focus on the following critical elements:
I. Abstract
Craft a well-drafted abstract. Be sure to adhere to the guidelines from the latest edition of the American Psychological Association’s style guide. Consider
the appropriate length for your audience.
II. Introduction
a) State the purpose, aims, or objectives of the integrated review. What do you wish to achieve through the drafting of this review? Be explicit in
your answer.
b) Introduce the topic of interest. Why is this topic the focus of the review?
c) What is the research question you are going to focus on? If you were to prepare a research proposal, what would your hypothesis be? Why?
d) What variables are of interest to you? How will these variables help you throughout this integrated review? Be sure to label the types of
variables each of these are.
e) Discuss the background and significance of the problem to healthcare administration.
III. Literature Search
a) What keywords and combinations were used in the initial search? Which were the most effective? Explain why these keywords and
c ...
Running head: RESEARCH TYPES
1
Title of PaperStudent NameWalden University
Class Number, Section Number, Class Name
Date of Submission
SEE PAGE 5
Title of Paper
Introduction to topic that gives the audience and idea of what you will be discussing in the paper. This should be a brief paragraph that provides an overview of the key points that will be addressed. This section should be concluded with a purpose statement. The purpose of this paper is …consider the intent of the application and list all requirements.
Research Methodologies
Discuss the attributes of quantitative and qualitative research methods and compare/contrast the type of information you can obtain from both types of research. Make sure you are referencing the course learning materials as well as some external references. You should have a minimum of three course learning resource references and two credible external references. Remember that web sites are only considered credible if they end in .gov, .edu, or .org.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Discuss the reality that there are advantages and disadvantages to both types of research.
Quantitative Research
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research. When is it helpful and when is it not helpful. Consider things like type of information that you are seeking, ethics, time needed to complete, etc.
Qualitative Research
Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of quantitative research. When is it helpful and when is it not helpful. Consider things like type of information that you are seeking, ethics, time needed to complete, etc. Also, make sure you address the argument that qualitative research is not real science. Is this true? Why or why not? What value does qualitative research have in nursing practice?
Summary
Write a one paragraph summary of the main points of the paper. This is not an area for adding new information. That should be in the body of your paper. Do not forget to appropriately cite in references in this section too. This is a good place to pull in your course learning resources again.
References
Last name, X. (Year of publication). Name of online article. Source. Retrieved from http:// www.nameofwebsite.com
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication). Name of book here. City, State Initial: Publisher.
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication). Name of journal article: Capitalize only letters after punctuation marks. The Journal of Whatever, Volume (Number), Page-Page. doi: number if available.
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication). Name of journal article: Capitalize only letters after punctuation marks. The Journal of Whatever, Volume (Number), Page-Page. doi: number if available.
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication). Name of journal article: Capitalize only letters after punctuation marks. The Journal of Whatever, Volume (Number), Page-Page. doi: number if available.
Last name, X. X. (Year of publication) ...
TEST BANK For Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and Application of...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and Application of Research, 5th Edition by Schmidt, Brown, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and Application of Research, 5th Edition by Schmidt, Brown, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For Evidence-Based Practice for Nurses Appraisal and Application of Research, 5th Edition by Schmidt, Brown, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version
Research Critique GuidelinesTo write a critical appr.docxverad6
Research Critique Guidelines
To write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of the research study conducted, address each component below for qualitative study in the Topic 2 assignment and the quantitative study in the Topic 3 assignment.
Successful completion of this assignment requires that you provide a rationale, include examples, or reference content from the study in your responses.
Qualitative Study
Background of Study:
· Identify the clinical problem and research problem that led to the study. What was not known about the clinical problem that, if understood, could be used to improve health care delivery or patient outcomes? This gap in knowledge is the research problem.
· How did the author establish the significance of the study? In other words, why should the reader care about this study? Look for statements about human suffering, costs of treatment, or the number of people affected by the clinical problem.
· Identify the purpose of the study. An author may clearly state the purpose of the study or may describe the purpose as the study goals, objectives, or aims.
· List research questions that the study was designed to answer. If the author does not explicitly provide the questions, attempt to infer the questions from the answers.
· Were the purpose and research questions related to the problem?
Method of Study:
· Were qualitative methods appropriate to answer the research questions?
· Did the author identify a specific perspective from which the study was developed? If so, what was it?
· Did the author cite quantitative and qualitative studies relevant to the focus of the study? What other types of literature did the author include?
· Are the references current? For qualitative studies, the author may have included studies older than the 5-year limit typically used for quantitative studies. Findings of older qualitative studies may be relevant to a qualitative study.
· Did the author evaluate or indicate the weaknesses of the available studies?
· Did the literature review include adequate information to build a logical argument?
· When a researcher uses the grounded theory method of qualitative inquiry, the researcher may develop a framework or diagram as part of the findings of the study. Was a framework developed from the study findings?
Results of Study
· What were the study findings?
· What are the implications to nursing?
· Explain how the findings contribute to nursing knowledge/science. Would this impact practice, education, administration, or all areas of nursing?
Ethical Considerations
· Was the study approved by an Institutional Review Board?
· Was patient privacy protected?
· Were there ethical considerations regarding the treatment or lack of?
Conclusion
· Emphasize the importance and congruity of the thesis statement.
· Provide a logical wrap-up to bring the appraisal to completion and to leave a lasting impression and take-away points useful in nursing practice.
· Incorporate a critical apprai.
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Nurse Staffing Issues Evidence Based Practice Discussion.pdf
1. Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice Discussion
Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice Discussion ON Nurse Staffing Issues &
Evidence Based Practice Discussionalready choose the PICO question: Question: If nurses on
the med-surg unit had less patients would there be a decrease in errors made?and article is
included**must be 7th edition APA, manual includedNurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based
Practice Discussionattachment_1attachment_2attachment_3attachment_4Unformatted
Attachment PreviewQualitative Critique Paper Nevada State College | School of Nursing The
purpose of this assignment is to apply evaluative criteria to one qualitative research article.
Writing and grading criteria are posted for the paper and should be reviewed before writing
the paper. To complete the assignment, the group will need: 1. Retrieve one qualitative
research study that relates to your PICO question 2. Outline for Qualitative Critique Paper
(below) 3. APA Style manual 4. Research textbook to use as rationale for analysis Specific
guidelines for the assignment are as follows: 1. Retrieve one qualitative research study that
relates to your PICO question 2. Critique the article, using the outline below. The content of
the paper should answer all of the questions within the criteria. Use the textbook to justify
your analysis. 3. Write a scholarly paper, formatted in APA style, double spaced, 10-12 pitch
font, with 1-inch margins. Do not include an abstract. Proper referencing must be used
within the paper and in the reference list. Plagiarism guidelines must be followed. The
paper is to include a title page, section headings, page numbers, references, citations within
the paper, and a separate reference page. Correct grammar and spelling are important, as is
clarity of writing. This is to be a scholarly scientific paper. 4. The paper should not exceed 6
pages, including the title page and reference page. Content beyond 4 pages of content will
not be graded. Students may submit to SMARTHINKING for editing assistance or work with
the NSC Writing Center. 5. Submit electronic copy via Canvas drop box. Only Word
documents are accepted; do not submit a PDF or an Apple pages document. 6. Submit a pdf
copy of the article selected for review 7. Evaluation of the assignment will be based on the
grading form found in this document. 8. Papers must be submitted by due date for full
credit. If illness or an emergency prevents a student from meeting deadlines, the instructor
must be notified before the deadline. There will be a 50% grade reduction for late papers,
received within 24 hours after the due date and time. Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence
Based Practice DiscussionStudents will receive a grade of “0” for any assignment that is over
one day late or for plagiarism. Qualitative Critique Criteria A. Phenomenon 1. What is the
phenomenon? 2. Is the significance of this topic documented in the literature review at the
beginning of article? B. Purpose and Method 1. What is the study purpose? Is it clearly
2. stated? Where? 2. Describe the specific qualitative method used in the study. 3. Is the study
purpose consistent with the specific qualitative method? Cite textbook as rationale. C.
Literature review 1. Summarize the existing body of knowledge in the literature review, as
it relates to the phenomenon of interest. 2. What gap in knowledge is identified in the lit
review? D. Sample 1. What makes participants credible? How were they selected? List
inclusion/exclusion criteria. 2. Was data saturation given as rationale for sample size?
Compare rationale with textbook. 3. How were participants’ rights protected? Are IRB
approval and consents mentioned? E. Data collection and analysis 1. What procedures were
used to gather data? Are the data collection procedures consistent with the method?
Compare with textbook. 2. What steps were used to analyze data? Is the data analysis
procedure consistent with the method? Compare with textbook. F. Results 1. Summarize the
findings (themes) of the study. 2. Were the findings justified by data (quotes)? Do the
findings tell a complete story? (give rationale) G. Implications for Practice 1. What
implications for practice are discussed by the researcher? 2. Do the findings have
transferability or implications for your own nursing practice? What do you think?
Qualitative Critique Grading Form Area Potential Points A. Phenomenon (10%) 3. What is
the phenomenon? 5 4. Is the significance of this topic documented in the literature review at
the beginning of article? B. Purpose and Method (15%) 4. What is the study purpose? Is it
clearly stated? Where? 5. 6. Describe the specific qualitative method used in the study. Is the
study purpose consistent with the specific qualitative method? Cite textbook as rationale. C.
Literature review (10%) 3. Summarize the existing body of knowledge in the literature
review, as it relates to the phenomenon of interest. 4. What gap in knowledge is identified in
the lit review? D. Sample (15%) 4. What makes participants credible? How were they
selected? List inclusion/exclusion criteria. 5. 6. 5 5 5 5 5 5 How were participants’ rights
protected? Are IRB approval and consents mentioned? 5 What steps were used to analyze
data? Is the data analysis procedure consistent with the method? Compare with textbook. F.
Results (10%) 3. Summarize the findings (themes) of the study. 4. 5 Was data saturation
given as rationale for sample size? Compare rationale with textbook. E. Data collection and
analysis (10%) 3. What procedures were used to gather data? Are the data collection
procedures consistent with the method? Compare with textbook. 4. 5 Were the findings
justified by data (quotes)? Do the findings tell a complete story ? (give rationale) 5 5 5 5
Earned Points Comments G. Implications for Practice ( 10%) 3. What implications for
practice are discussed by the researcher? 4. Do the findings have transferability or
implications for your own nursing practice? What do you think? H. Paper formatted in APA
style (20%) 1. References cited in text per APA style NOTE: Check Turn-It-In score to avoid
plagiarism due to failure to credit sources appropriately. 2. References cited in reference list
per APA style 3. 4. Headings, page numbers, and other formatting appropriate. Max 6 pages
Including title and reference pages. Content beyond 4 pages of content will not be graded.
Spelling, grammar, writing style scholarly and clear. TOTAL 5 5 5 5 5 5 100% Running head:
QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE Qualitative Critique (Example Paper) Michael Johnson Nevada
State College, School of Nursing 1 QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 2 Qualitative Critique (Example
Paper) Phenomenon Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice DiscussionThe study,
“Addressing health disparities of lesbian and bisexual women: A grounded theory study,”
3. addresses encounters between lesbian and bisexual (LB) women and their healthcare
provider (Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). Women who are LB encounter numerous barriers to
equitable healthcare services, such as lack of quality care and discriminatory healthcare
settings. The significance of this topic is well documented at the beginning of the article.
Literature Review Women who are LB experience numerous barriers to equitable
healthcare, which presumably leads to disparities in health and healthcare. Barriers include
lack of quality care from providers and systematic discrimination from healthcare systems.
As a result, women who are LB underutilize routine health screenings, including Pap smears
and tests for sexually transmitted infections. Also, women who are LB experience higher
levels of negative outcomes, such as obesity and cardiovascular disease (Johnson & Nemeth,
2014). The authors stated that the gap and reason for conducting this study was the fact
that “few published research studies have addressed health services for LB women”
(Johnson & Nemeth, 2014, p. 636). Purpose and Method At the end of the background
section, the authors stated that “understanding health care services from the perspective of
LB women is integral to addressing health care inequities and health disparities” (Johnson
& Nemeth, 2014, p. 636). However, the authors did not explicitly state that this was the
author. They should have made it more apparent to the readers that this was the purpose of
the study. QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 3 The authors used grounded theory as the qualitative
method. Grounded theory is used when a researcher wants to discover the process of
something. The data for this method is mainly gathered through interviews (Schmidt &
Brown, 2019). Using grounded theory in Johnson and Nemeth’s (2014) study was
appropriate because they collected data through qualitative interviews to understand how
LB women experience healthcare delivery systems. Moreover, the article included a model
of the process LB women go through when seeking healthcare services. Sample The
inclusion criteria for this study was “self-identifying women between the age of 18 and 24
who identified with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual (e.g., lesbian, bisexual,
queer), and reported using health services during their adulthood” (Johnson & Nemeth,
2014, p. 636). The article did not list exclusion criteria. The article does not state how the
participants were selected other than that they all lived in the southwest United States. In
terms of credibility, the authors screened interested participants to ensure they met
inclusion criteria. No other details about credibility were included in the article. The study
included nine participants. The authors stated that data were saturated after the seventh
interview but conducted two more interviews to ensure no more codes emerged. Their
definition of data saturation was, “when no new codes or themes were found” (Johnson &
Nemeth, 2014, p. 637). This rationale matches with the textbook, which states that data
saturation is when no new information is obtained and repetition of information is
consistently heard (Schmidt & Brown, 2019). The authors received institutional review
board approval from Medical University of South Carolina. Participants were required to
read a statement of research and then provide QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 4 verbal informed
consent (Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). The authors did not provide any additional details on
how participants’ rights were protected. Data Collection and Analysis The authors
conducted semi-structured, in-depth telephone interviews to collect the data. Also, the
authors used an interview guide to conduct the interviews. The interviews were
4. audiorecorded and then professionally transcribed. After the interview, the authors
collected demographic information from the participants (Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). These
data collection strategies are appropriate for the grounded theory method (Schmidt &
Brown, 2019). Data analysis of the transcribed interviews was conducted in a software
program called NVivo 10.0. Nurse Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice DiscussionThe
authors describe a multistep approach: 1) open coding, which is a process of reading
transcripts and assigning labels to sections, 2) grouping open codes together using the
constant comparative method, 3) using the grouped codes to create focused codes, and 4)
using the constant comparative method to group the focused codes into final themes
(Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). This data analysis procedure is similar to that described in the
textbook, which emphasizes the importance of using the constant comparison approach
(Schmidt & Brown, 2019). Results This study identified six themes that were sorted into an
explanatory framework that sequences the progression of participants through their
healthcare experiences. The three phases included: 1) pre-interaction, 2) health care
interaction, and 3) outcomes. Under the preinteraction phase, the themes were seeking
health care and expectations. Under the health care interaction phase, the themes were
disclosure of sexual orientation and moment of truth (provider QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 5
attributes). Under the outcomes phase, the themes were proximal outcomes and health
outcomes (Johnson & Nemeth, 2014). The authors provided numerous quotes to justify
each theme. The final themes within the context of the healthcare model are logical and
linear. The themes and participants’ quotes do a good job of telling a complete story. I am
able to understand the process that women who are LB go through when seeking healthcare
services. Implications for Practice There is a section of the paper dedicated to discussing the
implications for policy and practice. The authors emphasized the importance of removing
practice- and policy-level barriers to LB women receiving quality healthcare. Also, the
authors discuss the lack of health outcome data available on LB women and recommend
that policymakers and healthcare institutions should collect this data (Johnson & Nemeth,
2014). Yes, I think the findings in this study are transferable to my own nursing practice. I
am going to encounter patients who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender in my
practice. I should have a basic level of knowledge about the needs of these populations and
be able to effectively communicate with them. Moreover, I should be cognizant of the
attitude I portray through my verbal and non-verbal communication when interacting with
patients who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. These are the main findings from
Johnson and Nemeth’s (2014) study that are applicable to my own nursing practice.
QUALITATIVE CRITIQUE 6 References Johnson, M. J., & Nemeth, L. S. (2014). Addressing
health disparities of lesbian and bisexual women: A grounded theory study. Women’s
Health Issues, 24(6), 635-640. Doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2014.08.003 Schmidt, N. A., & Brown, J. A.
(2019). Evidence-based practice for nurses: Appraisal and application of research (4th ed.).
Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. International Journal of Nursing Studies 52
(2015) 1300–1309 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Nursing
Studies journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/ijns Nurse staf?ng issues are just the tip of
the iceberg: A qualitative study about nurses’ perceptions of nurse staf?ng Catharina J. van
Oostveen a,b,*, Elke Mathijssen a,c, Hester Vermeulen a,b,d a Department of Quality
5. Assurance & Process Innovation, Academic Medical Centre, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE
Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre, P.O. Box
22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands c Clinical Health Sciences, Faculty of
Medicine, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands d
Amsterdam School of Health Professions, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100
DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands b A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history:
Received 25 April 2014 Received in revised form 30 March 2015 Accepted 2 April 2015
Objective: To obtain in-depth insight into the perceptions of nurses in the Netherlands
regarding current nurse staf?ng levels and use of nurse-to-patient-ratios (NPR) and patient
classi?cation systems (PCS). Background: In response to rising health care demands due to
ageing of the patient population and increasing complexity of healthcare, hospital boards
have been implementing NPRs and PCSs. However, many nurses at the unit level believe
that staf?ng levels have become critically low, endangering the quality and safety of their
patient care. Methods: This descriptive phenomenological qualitative study was conducted
in a 1000bed Dutch university hospital among 24 wards of four specialties (surgery,
internal medicine, neurology, gynaecology & obstetrics and paediatric care). Nurse Staffing
Issues & Evidence Based Practice DiscussionData were collected from September until
December 2012. To collect data four focus groups (n = 44 nurses) were organized.
Additionally, a total of 27 interviews (20 head nurses, 4 nurse directors and 3 quality
advisors) were conducted using purposive sampling. The focus groups and interviews were
audiotaped, transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Nurse staf?ng issues
appear to be merely the ‘tip of the iceberg’. Below the surface three underlying main themes
became clear – nursing behaviour, authority, and autonomy – which are linked by one
overall theme: nurses’ position. In general, nurses’ behaviour, way of thinking, decision-
making and communication of thoughts or information differs from other healthcare
disciplines, e.g. physicians and quality advisors. This results in a perceived and actual lack of
authority and autonomy. This in turn hinders them to plead for adequate nurse staf?ng in
order to achieve the common goal of safe and high-quality patient care. Nurses desired a
valid nursing care intensity system as an interdisciplinary and objective communication
tool that makes nursing care visible and creates possibilities for better positioning of nurses
in hospitals and further professionalization in terms of enhanced authority and autonomy.
Conclusions: The perceived subservient position of nurses in the hospital appears to be the
root cause of nurse staf?ng problems. It is yet unknown whether an objective PCS to
measure nursing care intensity would help them communicate effectively and credibly,
thereby improving their own position. ß 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords:
Inter-professional relationships Nurse staff hospital/organization & administration
Qualitative research Professional autonomy Personnel staf?ng and scheduling Personnel
staf?ng and scheduling information system/classi?cation Professional practice Safety
Quality of healthcare Workload * Corresponding author at: Department of Quality
Assurance & Process Innovation, Surgical Department, Room G4-141, Academic Medical
Center, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 20 5664577. E-
mail address: c.j.vanoostveen@amc.nl (C.J. van Oostveen).
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.002 0020-7489/ß 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All
6. rights reserved. C.J. van Oostveen et al. / International Journal of Nursing Studies 52 (2015)
1300–1309 What is already known about the topic? Patients in hospitals with high
workload, caused by low nurse-to-patient ratios, experience higher mortality rates. High
workload has a signi?cant impact on nurses’ job satisfaction and ability to innovate. What
this paper adds The position of nurses appears to be crucial for nurse staf?ng: lack of
autonomy leads to nurse staf?ng problems. Nurses perceive a patient classi?cation system
to be an ‘autonomous staf?ng aid’, helping them to communicate across disciplines and have
their work valued by others. Dutch nursing organizational model should move from a
‘functional model’ to a ‘professional model’ to support nurses’ work and capacity for
innovation. 1. Introduction Nurses represent the single largest group of healthcare
professionals in hospitals, and nursing care consumes a substantial proportion of hospital
costs (Aiken et al., 2012; Hurst, 2010; Welton et al., 2010). Therefore, it is important that
nurses’ time is used ef?ciently and effectively (Hurst, 2010). Cost containment demands and
budget restraints underscore the need for adequate nurse staf?ng to ensure high-quality
care in the most economical way (Welton et al., 2010). Ideally, the demand for care and
personnel staf?ng match perfectly and in?uence patient outcomes positively (e.g. nurse-
sensitive outcomes and adverse events) as well as personnel outcomes (e.g. job satisfaction
and absenteeism). However, nurses have reported that their staf?ng levels are inadequate
to provide high-quality care (Aiken et al., 2002; Sochalski, 2001). Indeed, nurse staf?ng
levels and patient outcomes are positively correlated (Aiken et al., 2002, 2014; Kane et al.,
2007), while in hospitals with high patient-to-nurse ratios (NPRs), higher mortality and
failure-to-rescue rates (Aiken et al., 2002, 2014; Kane et al., 2007) are reported.
Furthermore, nurses are more likely to suffer from burnout experiencing high workload
(Aiken et al., 2002; Rafferty et al., 2007). The economic formula to match the demand for
care to nurse supply was found far from simple in clinical practice (Fasoli and Haddock,
2010). This explains the many staf?ng models used on the patient interaction, health care
organization, and policy levels. The NPRs in California are an example of a nurse staf?ng
model on the policy level. In 1999, Ca …Purchase answer to see full attachmentNurse
Staffing Issues & Evidence Based Practice Discussion