The document discusses the history and development of mathematics and geometry. Some key points covered include: - The numbers 1-9 were invented in India using a board and sand for calculation. Early humans also used their fingers. - The Babylonian civilization was the first to use an organized mathematical method using a base-60 system. This method was then used in astronomy. - Muslims improved the decimal fraction system and took interest in shapes, numbers, and algebraic concepts like solving for unknown values. - Figures like Euclid advanced the field of geometry through concepts like using scales and compasses to draw shapes. Optical principles were also explored by scientists like Ibn al-Haytham.

2. Number world

3.  The numbers from 1-9
are invented by Hindu
 They use a board and
sand to calculate sums

4.  In ancient time people
use their fingers to
calculate .
 No one knows that
who have invented this
idea.

5.  This method is Firstly
used by Babul
civilization.
 Then it is introduced
in astronomy so it is
called Astronomical
method of calculation
 This method is based
on 60 numbers

6.  These numbers are
used in 10th century
 Some numbers are
also used till now

7.  Due to trade People
learned the ideas of
calculation
 People share there
ideas and method of
calculation to
anothers.

8.  The decimal Fraction was up grated by
Muslims

9.  Muslims took very
interest in magic box
 In this box the sum of
all coulombs and all
rows is equal to
another

10.  Muslims took
interest in making
shapes of numbers
.

11.  Triangles are also a
geometric shape
 Having three corners
 In all tri angles the sum
of all angles 180 degrees

12.  Angles are empty space
between two surfaces .
 Angles are calculated in
degrees.
 In this diagram angle is
represented by

13.  Muslim researcher used
the idea about angles
and made shadow clock
or sun clock.

14.  Right angle is invented
by the people of Egypt .
 They divided a rope into
12 pieces then they
combine 5 pieces and 4
pieces and 3 pieces of
rope .

15.  Then they join the corners .
 Thus the right angle triangle invented

16.  This is a trick in which
we find the value of
unknown number.
 In this unknown value is
“x” and at last we find
the value of “x”
 This trick is introduced
by Al Khwarizmi

17.  He is a founder of a
branch of math's name
algebra
 Algebra have many
benefits

18.  these shapes are a major
part of geometry.
 A man who have a major
part on research in this
field is “Euclid”

19.  Scale and compass are
use to draw straight line
and circles.
 When we combine these
two instruments we will
make many shapes of
geometry.

20.  This is a egg type shape
in geometry it is called
ellipse.
 It has simple trick to
draw

21.  Cone is a basic shape of
geometry
 From cone we can also
make other geometric
shapes.
 The shapes are given in
diagram .

22.  Geometry is also use to
making design and art.
 In early days builders
use combination
geometric shapes.

23.  These are some samples
of geometric shapes
which designed on wall
to make wall more
attractive.

24.  Study of light and the
function of our eyes is
called optics .
 A Muslim scientist Ibn
al Haytham has research
a lot in this field.

25.  Ibn al Haytham
explained that first light
rays strike to a object and
rays were reflected in our
eyes thus the object will
visible to our eyes .

27.  When light rays enter
from denser medium to
rarer medium it divert its
direction this process is
called refraction .

29. •Pin hole camera is
first camera in the
world .
•It was a dark room
with a small room
where the image of
object will form on
the opposite side of
hole on wall.
Pin hole camera

30. •In now a days
leaser is a new
invention in optics
•It is use in hospitals
as a medical
apparatus
•It is also use in w
ray machines e.t.c
leaser