Nuclear by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
0 likes•1,098 views
This document discusses several topics related to nuclear power plants including: - Site selection considers cost, safety by avoiding population density, and preventing access by unwanted personnel. - Waste is stored in borosilicate glass capsules and buried in salt mines or ocean floors. Liquid effluents are passed through ion exchange resins and gaseous effluents are filtered. - Uranium enrichment involves processes like gaseous diffusion, ultracentrifuges, and thermal diffusion to increase the percentage of Uranium-235 for use as nuclear fuel.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
nuclear power plant
The document discusses various topics related to nuclear power plants including:
1) Nuclear fuel such as Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 that can undergo fission chain reactions to produce energy.
2) How nuclear fission of heavy elements like Uranium releases heat and how this can be used to create a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear reactor.
3) The basic components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps and cooling towers.
Combined operation of power plants
Combined operation of power plants, steam and gas, steam and diesel, nuclear and steam, base load plants, peak load plants.
Nuclear power plant
Electricity was first generated by a nuclear reactor in 1951 in the US. The world's first nuclear power plant to power a grid was built in 1954 in the USSR. The first commercial nuclear power station opened in 1956 in England. India's first nuclear power plant, Tarapur Atomic Power Station, opened in 1969 and housed two 160 MW reactors, the first in Asia. Nuclear power currently generates 4,780 MW in India from 20 reactors, with 5 more plants under construction. India plans to significantly expand nuclear power to 64,000 MW by 2032.
Plant site selection and layout
The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a plant location and designing the layout for a pharmaceutical formulation production facility. Key factors for location include raw materials, markets, energy/utilities, transportation, and labor. The plant layout should group similar processes together and allow for logical product flow. Utilities like power, water, waste disposal must also be properly planned to meet production needs. Overall plant location and layout are vital decisions that strongly influence business success.
Npp site selection_andreev_varbanov_submit
This document summarizes a study comparing four proposed nuclear power plant sites in Bulgaria based on local seismic effects. Detailed site-specific seismic response analyses were conducted to obtain free-field ground motions at each site, accounting for uncertainty in geotechnical data using Latin Hypercube sampling. Input ground motions were selected from regional seismic sources. Response spectra at each site were compared to each other and to the uniform hazard response spectrum to evaluate local effects and rank the sites. The site with the lowest seismic hazard was nominated as preferred.
NPP, Nuclear Power Plant,
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through controlled nuclear fission reactions of uranium-235 and plutonium-239. They have advantages of producing large amounts of energy from inexpensive and compact fuel, but also pose disadvantages such as high upfront costs, radioactive waste storage challenges, and potential for nuclear accidents. Key components include fuel rods, shielding, moderators, control rods, coolants, and containment structures. Site selection considers factors like available cooling water, waste disposal access, population density, and transportation access.
Question i
Sharif enjoys playing the accordion, an instrument central to Colombian vallenato music. He has been playing since age 15. Playing has provided professional development opportunities by allowing him to connect with others who share his passion for vallenato music. It also provides personal development for Sharif by giving him a creative outlet, mental stimulation, and being the "life of the party" at social gatherings. Overall, playing the accordion is an activity he finds fulfilling both personally and professionally.
Nuclear power plants
The document discusses nuclear fuels used in nuclear power plants such as uranium-235 and plutonium-239, how nuclear fission produces energy through a self-sustaining chain reaction, and the key components of nuclear reactors including the reactor core, control rods, moderator, coolant, and safety measures. It also covers different types of nuclear reactors like pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors, as well as waste disposal and the future prospects of nuclear power.
Recommended
nuclear power plant
The document discusses various topics related to nuclear power plants including:
1) Nuclear fuel such as Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239 that can undergo fission chain reactions to produce energy.
2) How nuclear fission of heavy elements like Uranium releases heat and how this can be used to create a sustained nuclear chain reaction in a nuclear reactor.
3) The basic components of a nuclear power plant including the nuclear reactor, control rods, steam generators, turbines, pumps and cooling towers.
Combined operation of power plants
Combined operation of power plants, steam and gas, steam and diesel, nuclear and steam, base load plants, peak load plants.
Nuclear power plant
Electricity was first generated by a nuclear reactor in 1951 in the US. The world's first nuclear power plant to power a grid was built in 1954 in the USSR. The first commercial nuclear power station opened in 1956 in England. India's first nuclear power plant, Tarapur Atomic Power Station, opened in 1969 and housed two 160 MW reactors, the first in Asia. Nuclear power currently generates 4,780 MW in India from 20 reactors, with 5 more plants under construction. India plans to significantly expand nuclear power to 64,000 MW by 2032.
Plant site selection and layout
The document discusses factors to consider when selecting a plant location and designing the layout for a pharmaceutical formulation production facility. Key factors for location include raw materials, markets, energy/utilities, transportation, and labor. The plant layout should group similar processes together and allow for logical product flow. Utilities like power, water, waste disposal must also be properly planned to meet production needs. Overall plant location and layout are vital decisions that strongly influence business success.
Npp site selection_andreev_varbanov_submit
This document summarizes a study comparing four proposed nuclear power plant sites in Bulgaria based on local seismic effects. Detailed site-specific seismic response analyses were conducted to obtain free-field ground motions at each site, accounting for uncertainty in geotechnical data using Latin Hypercube sampling. Input ground motions were selected from regional seismic sources. Response spectra at each site were compared to each other and to the uniform hazard response spectrum to evaluate local effects and rank the sites. The site with the lowest seismic hazard was nominated as preferred.
NPP, Nuclear Power Plant,
Nuclear power plants generate electricity through controlled nuclear fission reactions of uranium-235 and plutonium-239. They have advantages of producing large amounts of energy from inexpensive and compact fuel, but also pose disadvantages such as high upfront costs, radioactive waste storage challenges, and potential for nuclear accidents. Key components include fuel rods, shielding, moderators, control rods, coolants, and containment structures. Site selection considers factors like available cooling water, waste disposal access, population density, and transportation access.
Question i
Sharif enjoys playing the accordion, an instrument central to Colombian vallenato music. He has been playing since age 15. Playing has provided professional development opportunities by allowing him to connect with others who share his passion for vallenato music. It also provides personal development for Sharif by giving him a creative outlet, mental stimulation, and being the "life of the party" at social gatherings. Overall, playing the accordion is an activity he finds fulfilling both personally and professionally.
Nuclear power plants
The document discusses nuclear fuels used in nuclear power plants such as uranium-235 and plutonium-239, how nuclear fission produces energy through a self-sustaining chain reaction, and the key components of nuclear reactors including the reactor core, control rods, moderator, coolant, and safety measures. It also covers different types of nuclear reactors like pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors, as well as waste disposal and the future prospects of nuclear power.
Fuels basic by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
Gasoline is a liquid fuel obtained from crude oil through fractional distillation. It is a dark liquid used as fuel in internal combustion engines. During fractional distillation, hydrocarbons with lower boiling points are separated at the top of the distillation tower. Different hydrocarbon fractions obtained from crude oil are used as various fuels based on their boiling points and number of carbon atoms. Properties like boiling point, density, viscosity and heating value of fuels increase with increasing molecular size and carbon atoms.
Fuels basic
Gasoline is a liquid fuel obtained from crude oil through fractional distillation. It is a dark liquid used as fuel in internal combustion engines. During fractional distillation, hydrocarbons with lower boiling points are separated at the top of the distillation tower. Different hydrocarbon fractions obtained from crude oil are used as various fuels based on their boiling points and number of carbon atoms. Properties like boiling point, density, viscosity and heating value of fuels increase with increasing molecular size and carbon content.
Two stroke by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
Two stroke engines have advantages of being mechanically simpler without valves, lighter in weight, more compact, and provide quicker acceleration compared to four stroke engines. However, two stroke engines also have disadvantages like running hotter, lacking a dedicated lubrication system, being more polluting due to unburnt fuel exiting through the exhaust, and less fuel efficient resulting in higher fuel consumption. Two stroke engines can be either crankcase scavenged or loop scavenged.
Four stroke 3 by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
The document discusses four stroke engines, including the intake, compression, ignition/combustion, and exhaust strokes. It compares the processes and sequences of operation in diesel and gasoline engines. Ideal assumptions and real-world factors are outlined. The four main strokes are defined, and the Otto and Diesel thermodynamic cycles are described and compared using pressure-volume diagrams. Finally, gasoline and diesel engines are conclusively compared based on factors like size, cost, noise, and suitable applications.
Fundamentals of ice 1 by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
This document discusses the fundamentals of internal combustion engines. It provides a brief history of internal combustion engines, including contributions from inventors such as JJ Lenoir, Nicolas Otto, and Rudolf Diesel. It also describes different types of internal combustion engines such as reciprocating engines and Wankel rotary engines. The document outlines key engine components, systems, and definitions.
Four stroke 3 RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
The document discusses four stroke engines, including the intake, compression, ignition/combustion, and exhaust strokes. It compares the processes and sequences of operation in diesel and gasoline engines. Ideal assumptions and real-world factors are outlined. The four main strokes are defined, and the Otto and Diesel thermodynamic cycles are examined through pressure-volume and temperature-pressure diagrams. Finally, gasoline and diesel engines are compared in terms of applications, costs, and efficiencies.
Vapour power 4 by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
This document describes an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with feedwater heating. It has three key points:
1. It raises the temperature of feedwater before it enters the boiler using steam extracted from the turbine. This improves thermal efficiency.
2. The device that heats the feedwater is called a regenerator or feedwater heater. It can be an open or closed system and prevents deaeration of the feedwater.
3. Benefits include reduced steam flow, smaller equipment, easier turbine operation, and less erosion. Regeneration provides higher efficiency than reheating without the complexity and costs of reheating systems.
Nuclear 2 by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
There are two main types of nuclear reactors: thermal (slow) reactors and fast reactors. Thermal reactors have a large, heavy core and use moderators like graphite or water to slow neutrons, making them easier to control. Fast reactors have a smaller, more compact size and can breed fuel.
Nuclear fuel can be natural uranium, which contains the fissile U-235, or artificial fuel produced from fertile materials like U-238 or Th-232. Reactors are classified as burners, converters, or breeders depending on whether they only produce heat or can convert or breed more fuel. Breeder reactors are able to produce more fuel than they consume.
Reactors require effective
Steam power plants introduction by Rana Saifullah Khan
This document discusses power plants and their components. A power plant is an assembly of systems and subsystems that generate electricity through the conversion of another energy source. Power plants are classified based on their fuel source, prime mover, and duty. Common fuel sources include water, coal, fuel oil, peat, biofuel, geothermal, and others. The thermodynamic processes involved in power plants include the generation of high pressure steam via boiling water and using superheated steam to drive turbines that generate electricity. Steam tables and energy analysis are also important concepts discussed.
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Bigdata of technology
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting.pdf
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
More Related Content
More from Rana Saif Khan
Fuels basic by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
Gasoline is a liquid fuel obtained from crude oil through fractional distillation. It is a dark liquid used as fuel in internal combustion engines. During fractional distillation, hydrocarbons with lower boiling points are separated at the top of the distillation tower. Different hydrocarbon fractions obtained from crude oil are used as various fuels based on their boiling points and number of carbon atoms. Properties like boiling point, density, viscosity and heating value of fuels increase with increasing molecular size and carbon atoms.
Fuels basic
Gasoline is a liquid fuel obtained from crude oil through fractional distillation. It is a dark liquid used as fuel in internal combustion engines. During fractional distillation, hydrocarbons with lower boiling points are separated at the top of the distillation tower. Different hydrocarbon fractions obtained from crude oil are used as various fuels based on their boiling points and number of carbon atoms. Properties like boiling point, density, viscosity and heating value of fuels increase with increasing molecular size and carbon content.
Two stroke by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
Two stroke engines have advantages of being mechanically simpler without valves, lighter in weight, more compact, and provide quicker acceleration compared to four stroke engines. However, two stroke engines also have disadvantages like running hotter, lacking a dedicated lubrication system, being more polluting due to unburnt fuel exiting through the exhaust, and less fuel efficient resulting in higher fuel consumption. Two stroke engines can be either crankcase scavenged or loop scavenged.
Four stroke 3 by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
The document discusses four stroke engines, including the intake, compression, ignition/combustion, and exhaust strokes. It compares the processes and sequences of operation in diesel and gasoline engines. Ideal assumptions and real-world factors are outlined. The four main strokes are defined, and the Otto and Diesel thermodynamic cycles are described and compared using pressure-volume diagrams. Finally, gasoline and diesel engines are conclusively compared based on factors like size, cost, noise, and suitable applications.
Fundamentals of ice 1 by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
This document discusses the fundamentals of internal combustion engines. It provides a brief history of internal combustion engines, including contributions from inventors such as JJ Lenoir, Nicolas Otto, and Rudolf Diesel. It also describes different types of internal combustion engines such as reciprocating engines and Wankel rotary engines. The document outlines key engine components, systems, and definitions.
Four stroke 3 RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
The document discusses four stroke engines, including the intake, compression, ignition/combustion, and exhaust strokes. It compares the processes and sequences of operation in diesel and gasoline engines. Ideal assumptions and real-world factors are outlined. The four main strokes are defined, and the Otto and Diesel thermodynamic cycles are examined through pressure-volume and temperature-pressure diagrams. Finally, gasoline and diesel engines are compared in terms of applications, costs, and efficiencies.
Vapour power 4 by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
This document describes an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with feedwater heating. It has three key points:
1. It raises the temperature of feedwater before it enters the boiler using steam extracted from the turbine. This improves thermal efficiency.
2. The device that heats the feedwater is called a regenerator or feedwater heater. It can be an open or closed system and prevents deaeration of the feedwater.
3. Benefits include reduced steam flow, smaller equipment, easier turbine operation, and less erosion. Regeneration provides higher efficiency than reheating without the complexity and costs of reheating systems.
Nuclear 2 by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
There are two main types of nuclear reactors: thermal (slow) reactors and fast reactors. Thermal reactors have a large, heavy core and use moderators like graphite or water to slow neutrons, making them easier to control. Fast reactors have a smaller, more compact size and can breed fuel.
Nuclear fuel can be natural uranium, which contains the fissile U-235, or artificial fuel produced from fertile materials like U-238 or Th-232. Reactors are classified as burners, converters, or breeders depending on whether they only produce heat or can convert or breed more fuel. Breeder reactors are able to produce more fuel than they consume.
Reactors require effective
Steam power plants introduction by Rana Saifullah Khan
This document discusses power plants and their components. A power plant is an assembly of systems and subsystems that generate electricity through the conversion of another energy source. Power plants are classified based on their fuel source, prime mover, and duty. Common fuel sources include water, coal, fuel oil, peat, biofuel, geothermal, and others. The thermodynamic processes involved in power plants include the generation of high pressure steam via boiling water and using superheated steam to drive turbines that generate electricity. Steam tables and energy analysis are also important concepts discussed.
More from Rana Saif Khan (9)
Steam power plants introduction by Rana Saifullah Khan
Steam power plants introduction by Rana Saifullah Khan
Recently uploaded
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
Bigdata of technology
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting.pdf
Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Computational Engineering IITH Presentation
This Presentation will give you a brief idea about what Computational Engineering at IIT Hyderabad has to offer.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
官方认证美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国密歇根州立大学毕业证学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
rock mass characterization and New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes
Recently uploaded (20)
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
5214-1693458878915-Unit 6 2023 to 2024 academic year assignment (AutoRecovere...
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part III
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming Pipelines
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
Nuclear by RANA SAIFULLAH KHAN
- 1. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS • COST- SITE SELECTION • SAFETY- TO AVOID POPULATION DENSITY- INTERFERANCE WITH OTHER BUILDING/ ACTIVITY • PROFILERATION- TO DENY ACCESS TO UNWANTED PERSONNEL • WASTE-IS STORED IN • BOROSILICATE GLASS AND THEN STORING IN LEAK TIGHT CAPSULES. THESE CAPSULES ARE STORED IN DEEP SALT MINES OR WELLS DRILLED IN OCEAN FLOORS. • LIQUID EFFLUENTS- PERSONNEL CLOTHINGS PASSED THROUGH ION EXCHANGE RESINS • GASEOUS EFFLUENTS-99 % OF 10 MICRON PARTICLES THROUGH FILTRATIONS
- 2. URANIUM
- 3. • GASEOUS DIFFUSION METHOD • ULTRA CENTRIFUGES • THERMAL DIFFUSION • ELECTROMAGNETIC DIFFUSION • URANIUM+ HYDRO FLOURIC ACID • URANIUM HEXAFLOURIDE WITH MORE % OF U 235. • CALCIUM + FLOURIDE AND REST IS ENRICHED URANIUM.
- 5. FUEL RODS
- 6. COMPONENTS
- 7. REACTOR CORE
- 16. ENERGY CALCULATIONS • HOW much electric energy could theoretically be produced by the destruction of 1 g of matter? • What is the energy equivalence of 1 amu? • What are the total binding energy and the binding energy per nucleon for the 8 O 16 isotope? • How much power is generated by fissioning of 1 g of U235 per day?
- 17. ASSIGNMENT • THE RATING OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT FOR SUBMARINE IS 5 MW. OVERALL EFFICIENCY IS 30 %. FUEL IS U 235. FIND THE AMOUNT OF NATURAL URANIUM NEEDED TO GENERATE THIS POWER IF THE AVERAGE ENERGY RELEASE PER FISSION FOR THIS FUEL IS 190 Mev?
- 18. NUMERICAL