The trial compared a grower standard grape production protocol to the standard plus additional applications of Nualgi Foliar Spray. The section that received Nualgi Foliar Spray showed visible increases in berry size, cluster fullness, and accelerated fruit coloring. It yielded 14.99% more boxes of grapes and $2,470 more in profit compared to the grower standard section. The addition of Nualgi Foliar Spray improved plant growth, stress tolerance, and productivity.
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
The corn crop is developing well with most fields reaching the VT (tassel) stage by August 1, which should allow crops to reach maturity before fall frosts. Growers who applied side-dress nitrogen prior to canopy closure are expected to see rewards from the recent rainfall. Corn rootworm and soybean aphid scouting should continue. Mark DeGroot has joined the DuPont Pioneer sales team as the new Account Manager for the territory covering Eastern South Dakota and Western Minnesota. Additional agronomy support will be provided by Field Agronomists Curt Hoffbeck and Larry Osborne to better serve growers in the region.
I shared this presentation at the IL Regional Tillage Seminar in Milan IL on 1/27/2011.
Some edits have been made for increased clarity without the commentary.
This document discusses weed management in alfalfa. Weeds can reduce alfalfa establishment, yield, and forage quality. The critical period for weed removal is 3-5 weeks after planting. Herbicides like Pursuit and Raptor can be used during establishment with some potential yield loss. Roundup Ready alfalfa allows post-emergence glyphosate applications with more flexible timing but has higher seed and technology costs. Weed management is important to secure stand establishment and provide high quality forage, especially in the first cutting. Management options depend on weed species, density, and field conditions.
Delivery of Hydrologic and Microbial Services by Shrub Rhizospheres to Increase Crop productivity and Stability in the Sahel. Shrubs do hydraulic lift – during night when photosynthesis stops – but water keeps moving up through roots because of low water potential in surface and high water potential in subsoil – so water moves passively through roots because of the structure of roots facilitates faster movement of water then through the soils.
ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
The document discusses corn drydown and harvest timing. It notes that corn planted in mid-late May or early June in the region will likely reach maturity later than usual. It also discusses factors that influence drydown rate like temperature, wind, and hybrid. The ideal harvest moisture is 22-25% but waiting until 18% risks losses from weather, stalk lodging and ear drop. Artificial drying costs vary depending on fuel prices but may increase profitability when losses are anticipated.
PowerPoint by Joong-Dae Choi, Woon-Ji Park, Ki-Wook Park and Kyong-Jae Lim
Presented at the Paddy and Water Environment Engineering Society PAWEES International Conference, Taipei, October 27, 2011
Effect of crop establishment/irrigation techniques and nitrogen levels on gro...Innspub Net
A field experiment was conducted during 2010 and 2011, under three replications. One row in Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed/ every furrow irrigation increased plant height by 7.94 %, stem girth by 46.47 per cent, and dry matter at maturity by 23.69 % over conventional sowing/ conventional irrigation. Similarly, number of leaves increased by 19.26 and 24.65 % leaf area by 25.83 and 26.65 %, over conventional practice at 60 and 90 days after sowing, respectively. Besides, it resulted 1.91 and 1.82 % higher total chlorophyll over conventional practice at 30 and 60 days after sowing, respectively and increased grain by 60.72 %, biological 42.44 % and stover yield by 30.2 % over conventional practice and also resulted 3.43 higher starch and 12.05 % protein content over conventional practice. One row in FIRB/ every furrow irrigation, had 62.1, 51.5 and 42.9 % higher uptake for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over conventional practice of crop establishment, respectively. Get more articles: http://goo.gl/FAvGnB
Western MN and eastern SD Walking Your Fields newsletter-JulyDuPont Pioneer
The corn crop is developing well with most fields reaching the VT (tassel) stage by August 1, which should allow crops to reach maturity before fall frosts. Growers who applied side-dress nitrogen prior to canopy closure are expected to see rewards from the recent rainfall. Corn rootworm and soybean aphid scouting should continue. Mark DeGroot has joined the DuPont Pioneer sales team as the new Account Manager for the territory covering Eastern South Dakota and Western Minnesota. Additional agronomy support will be provided by Field Agronomists Curt Hoffbeck and Larry Osborne to better serve growers in the region.
I shared this presentation at the IL Regional Tillage Seminar in Milan IL on 1/27/2011.
Some edits have been made for increased clarity without the commentary.
This document discusses weed management in alfalfa. Weeds can reduce alfalfa establishment, yield, and forage quality. The critical period for weed removal is 3-5 weeks after planting. Herbicides like Pursuit and Raptor can be used during establishment with some potential yield loss. Roundup Ready alfalfa allows post-emergence glyphosate applications with more flexible timing but has higher seed and technology costs. Weed management is important to secure stand establishment and provide high quality forage, especially in the first cutting. Management options depend on weed species, density, and field conditions.
Delivery of Hydrologic and Microbial Services by Shrub Rhizospheres to Increase Crop productivity and Stability in the Sahel. Shrubs do hydraulic lift – during night when photosynthesis stops – but water keeps moving up through roots because of low water potential in surface and high water potential in subsoil – so water moves passively through roots because of the structure of roots facilitates faster movement of water then through the soils.
ND & Northern MN Walking Your Fields newsletter-AugDuPont Pioneer
The document discusses corn drydown and harvest timing. It notes that corn planted in mid-late May or early June in the region will likely reach maturity later than usual. It also discusses factors that influence drydown rate like temperature, wind, and hybrid. The ideal harvest moisture is 22-25% but waiting until 18% risks losses from weather, stalk lodging and ear drop. Artificial drying costs vary depending on fuel prices but may increase profitability when losses are anticipated.
PowerPoint by Joong-Dae Choi, Woon-Ji Park, Ki-Wook Park and Kyong-Jae Lim
Presented at the Paddy and Water Environment Engineering Society PAWEES International Conference, Taipei, October 27, 2011
Effect of crop establishment/irrigation techniques and nitrogen levels on gro...Innspub Net
A field experiment was conducted during 2010 and 2011, under three replications. One row in Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed/ every furrow irrigation increased plant height by 7.94 %, stem girth by 46.47 per cent, and dry matter at maturity by 23.69 % over conventional sowing/ conventional irrigation. Similarly, number of leaves increased by 19.26 and 24.65 % leaf area by 25.83 and 26.65 %, over conventional practice at 60 and 90 days after sowing, respectively. Besides, it resulted 1.91 and 1.82 % higher total chlorophyll over conventional practice at 30 and 60 days after sowing, respectively and increased grain by 60.72 %, biological 42.44 % and stover yield by 30.2 % over conventional practice and also resulted 3.43 higher starch and 12.05 % protein content over conventional practice. One row in FIRB/ every furrow irrigation, had 62.1, 51.5 and 42.9 % higher uptake for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium over conventional practice of crop establishment, respectively. Get more articles: http://goo.gl/FAvGnB
This document discusses the increasing popularity and benefits of using cover crops in agriculture. It notes that farmer interest and communication, as well as support from seed vendors, have driven a cover crop revolution. While cover crops provide benefits like erosion control and nitrogen fixation, they also require additional management and can interfere with equipment or crop growth if not implemented properly. The document provides answers to common questions about selecting and establishing cover crops and evaluates the costs and returns of different cover cropping programs.
This study screened eight varieties of oil radish for their potential as trap crops and biofumigants against root-knot and reniform nematodes. Two experiments were conducted: 1) a greenhouse pot experiment that found 'Sodbuster' and 'Discovery' varieties most reduced nematode populations and increased zucchini growth; 2) a bench experiment that found 'Summer Cross' and 'April Cross' did not support nematode reproduction or root galling, indicating potential as non-host trap crops. The results suggest oil radish, particularly certain varieties, could be effective biofumigants and trap crops for managing root-knot nematodes, though further research is needed on reniform nematodes.
Alternative cover crop seeding technologiesjbgruver
This document discusses several methods and technologies for planting cover crops. [1] Aerial seeding and high-clearance planters allow planting cover crops into standing corn and soybeans. [2] Precision seeding technologies like bio-strip till can plant cover crops in narrow rows between cash crops. [3] Innovative farmers are experimenting with new equipment and techniques for cover crop establishment after harvest. The document encourages continued innovation to improve cover crop planting opportunities.
Scheduling Vegetable Plantings for Continuous HarvestElisaMendelsohn
This document provides guidance on planning vegetable plantings to ensure continuous harvest throughout the growing season. It discusses considering planting dates based on average frost dates, plant maturity times, and weather conditions. Soil temperature ranges that support germination of different vegetable crops are also presented. Growers are encouraged to use their records and consult with other local farmers to develop a personalized succession planting plan tailored to their location.
This document provides information on using cover crops in organic farming systems in Minnesota. It discusses that there are very few opportunities for cover crops between corn and soybeans but more opportunities after small grains like wheat, barley, oats and rye. It describes different cover crop species and mixtures that can be used, including brassicas, clovers, annual ryegrass, and buckwheat. The document provides details on planting and terminating cover crops and matching cover crop objectives with different species. It also provides links to additional resources on cover cropping.
Placement of Additional Drip Lines to Enhance Soil Fumigation and Irrigation ...sberries
This document summarizes a study on using additional drip lines to improve soil fumigation, irrigation efficiency, and minimize environmental impacts for strawberry production in California. The study found that placing drip lines 12 inches deep and using 4 lines per bed (compared to 2 lines or sprinklers) more effectively delivered water to plant roots, moved salts away from the root zone, and killed soil pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum. Farms using 4 deep drip lines saw reduced plant mortality, greater biomass, higher yields, and water savings of up to 30% compared to standard sprinkler irrigation methods. Based on these results, growers are expanding the use of additional drip lines.
Precision Cover Cropping for Organic Farmsjbgruver
This document discusses precision cover cropping techniques for organic farms. It provides examples of using GPS guidance and targeted placement of cover crop mixtures and rows to achieve specific objectives like compaction alleviation, erosion reduction, and weed control. Examples are given of undercutting grain stubble and interseeding cover crops into standing corn. The importance of species selection, establishment, and termination timing is discussed.
Cover crops can help control erosion in several Midwestern counties where erosion rates exceed tolerable levels. Farmers are increasingly using cover crops to improve soil health, control weeds, and reduce nutrient leaching. Effective cover crop systems match specific cover crop species to objectives like grazing or scavenging nutrients. Cover crops require planning to optimize establishment and termination timing. Innovation from farmer pioneers shows potential for cover crops to improve soil structure and increase crop yields.
Presentation by Dr Melanie Weckert to the Riverina branch of the Australian Society of Soil Science at a meeting on 14 March 2014 at Charles Sturt University, Wagga
This document describes a field trial conducted in King City, California to test the efficacy of Nualgi Foliar, a nano-scale foliar fertilizer, on spinach crops. The trial utilized three different fertilization protocols: a grower standard approach, the standard reduced by 30% plus Nualgi Foliar, and Nualgi Foliar alone. Data was collected on yield, quality, nutrient levels, pest resistance and other factors. The objective was to evaluate whether Nualgi Foliar could improve spinach crop performance and provide an adequate return on investment.
This document provides a summary and guide for organic blueberry production. It discusses key topics like variety selection, soil fertility and pH requirements, cultural practices, pest and disease management, and marketing. The guide is intended to address the specific needs for growing blueberries organically and sustainably. It provides an overview of different blueberry species and varieties suited to different regions, as well as soil testing and amendments needed to achieve the optimal acidic pH for blueberry growth.
Aprendizajes en 15 años y 120 variedades de arándanos cultivados en el Pacífi...Cooprinsem
This document summarizes the findings from 15 years of trials evaluating over 120 blueberry cultivars in the Pacific Northwest. Key learnings include: 1) netting is essential for evaluating summer cultivars to prevent bird damage; 2) a randomized block design is better than a completely randomized design for managing the trial; 3) three replications were sufficient to detect meaningful yield differences; and 4) yields in years 4-6 strongly correlated with long-term performance. The trials found that northern highbush cultivars were generally best adapted, with a few southern cultivars also performing well. Rabbiteye cultivars worked for late season but had lower fruit quality.
This document summarizes a research project testing the use of vinegar as an organic herbicide for garlic production. The researcher divided garlic rows into control and test plots. In test plots, weeds were controlled with vinegar sprayed in-row, while controls used manual weeding. Vinegar effectively controlled most broadleaf weeds but had minimal effect on grasses. The garlic crop was unaffected by the vinegar. Using vinegar provided a 94% reduction in labor for weed control compared to manual weeding. The researcher concluded that vinegar is a viable organic herbicide option for garlic production and other farm uses.
1. The document discusses chemical crop regulation methods in fruit crops, focusing on regulating flowering, fruiting, water and nutrient management, and yield through chemical applications.
2. Various chemicals like paclobutrazol, NAA, ethephon, Armothin, ATS, and hydrogels are described as being used to regulate flowering timing, increase fruit set and retention, thin blossoms, and improve water and nutrient uptake to increase yields.
3. A case study evaluates the efficacy of the chemical thinner Brevis on apple trees, finding that multiple applications resulted in lower fruit set and crop load than single applications or the control.
Mr. David Bynoe conducted research trials on organic farming methods. His cabbage production trial found that chicken manure produced significantly higher yields than conventional fertilizer or sheep manure. A lettuce trial found that pre-plant application of Nano-Gro led to faster initial leaf growth but no long-term difference. Okra and squash nursery trials found Nano-Gro did not increase germination or growth, though it may increase the rate okra reaches the two-leaf stage. Further research is needed before recommending Nano-Gro to farmers.
This document summarizes a research project that tested the use of various digestates (byproducts of anaerobic digestion) mixed with bark as growing media for containerized plants. The researchers created different mixtures using four types of digestates at various rates mixed with a base of bark, wood fiber, and topsoil. Three plant species - cyclamen, fern, and pine - were grown in the mixtures and two control media for over 90 days. Growth and quality of the plants were evaluated. The study found that for all three species, most digestate mixtures did not significantly affect plant growth or quality compared to the controls. The digestates provided adequate nutrients and growing conditions. Therefore, digestates show potential as ingredients in growing media
1. The document evaluates the Operation Trumpet Call (OTC) project, a conservation agriculture project run by Tearfund and local churches in Zimbabwe. OTC promotes conservation agriculture techniques similar to other organizations but emphasizes time management principles. It also originally provided free inputs and organizes through local churches.
2. Farmers who adopted techniques through OTC reported increased maize yields averaging 717kg per farmer, sufficient for family consumption. Yields were 1.5-2.4 metric tons per hectare. However, conservation agriculture requires more labor than conventional farming. Increased production led to benefits like improved schooling and livestock.
3. While some farmers adopted conservation agriculture practices for all production, most use it on
NO-TILL AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE FALLOW WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTION COMPARISON IN...nacaa
An on-farm study compared conventional tillage fallow, no-till early seeding, and no-till late seeding winter wheat systems over four years. Soil moisture was similar down to three feet between treatments, but conventional tillage had more moisture in the upper eight inches. No-till systems had less soil compaction between ten and sixteen inches deep. Grain yield and economic return were similar for conventional tillage and no-till early seeding, averaging over $170 per acre. No-till late seeding yielded 20% less and had $115 per acre return over costs.
This document discusses the increasing popularity and benefits of using cover crops in agriculture. It notes that farmer interest and communication, as well as support from seed vendors, have driven a cover crop revolution. While cover crops provide benefits like erosion control and nitrogen fixation, they also require additional management and can interfere with equipment or crop growth if not implemented properly. The document provides answers to common questions about selecting and establishing cover crops and evaluates the costs and returns of different cover cropping programs.
This study screened eight varieties of oil radish for their potential as trap crops and biofumigants against root-knot and reniform nematodes. Two experiments were conducted: 1) a greenhouse pot experiment that found 'Sodbuster' and 'Discovery' varieties most reduced nematode populations and increased zucchini growth; 2) a bench experiment that found 'Summer Cross' and 'April Cross' did not support nematode reproduction or root galling, indicating potential as non-host trap crops. The results suggest oil radish, particularly certain varieties, could be effective biofumigants and trap crops for managing root-knot nematodes, though further research is needed on reniform nematodes.
Alternative cover crop seeding technologiesjbgruver
This document discusses several methods and technologies for planting cover crops. [1] Aerial seeding and high-clearance planters allow planting cover crops into standing corn and soybeans. [2] Precision seeding technologies like bio-strip till can plant cover crops in narrow rows between cash crops. [3] Innovative farmers are experimenting with new equipment and techniques for cover crop establishment after harvest. The document encourages continued innovation to improve cover crop planting opportunities.
Scheduling Vegetable Plantings for Continuous HarvestElisaMendelsohn
This document provides guidance on planning vegetable plantings to ensure continuous harvest throughout the growing season. It discusses considering planting dates based on average frost dates, plant maturity times, and weather conditions. Soil temperature ranges that support germination of different vegetable crops are also presented. Growers are encouraged to use their records and consult with other local farmers to develop a personalized succession planting plan tailored to their location.
This document provides information on using cover crops in organic farming systems in Minnesota. It discusses that there are very few opportunities for cover crops between corn and soybeans but more opportunities after small grains like wheat, barley, oats and rye. It describes different cover crop species and mixtures that can be used, including brassicas, clovers, annual ryegrass, and buckwheat. The document provides details on planting and terminating cover crops and matching cover crop objectives with different species. It also provides links to additional resources on cover cropping.
Placement of Additional Drip Lines to Enhance Soil Fumigation and Irrigation ...sberries
This document summarizes a study on using additional drip lines to improve soil fumigation, irrigation efficiency, and minimize environmental impacts for strawberry production in California. The study found that placing drip lines 12 inches deep and using 4 lines per bed (compared to 2 lines or sprinklers) more effectively delivered water to plant roots, moved salts away from the root zone, and killed soil pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum. Farms using 4 deep drip lines saw reduced plant mortality, greater biomass, higher yields, and water savings of up to 30% compared to standard sprinkler irrigation methods. Based on these results, growers are expanding the use of additional drip lines.
Precision Cover Cropping for Organic Farmsjbgruver
This document discusses precision cover cropping techniques for organic farms. It provides examples of using GPS guidance and targeted placement of cover crop mixtures and rows to achieve specific objectives like compaction alleviation, erosion reduction, and weed control. Examples are given of undercutting grain stubble and interseeding cover crops into standing corn. The importance of species selection, establishment, and termination timing is discussed.
Cover crops can help control erosion in several Midwestern counties where erosion rates exceed tolerable levels. Farmers are increasingly using cover crops to improve soil health, control weeds, and reduce nutrient leaching. Effective cover crop systems match specific cover crop species to objectives like grazing or scavenging nutrients. Cover crops require planning to optimize establishment and termination timing. Innovation from farmer pioneers shows potential for cover crops to improve soil structure and increase crop yields.
Presentation by Dr Melanie Weckert to the Riverina branch of the Australian Society of Soil Science at a meeting on 14 March 2014 at Charles Sturt University, Wagga
This document describes a field trial conducted in King City, California to test the efficacy of Nualgi Foliar, a nano-scale foliar fertilizer, on spinach crops. The trial utilized three different fertilization protocols: a grower standard approach, the standard reduced by 30% plus Nualgi Foliar, and Nualgi Foliar alone. Data was collected on yield, quality, nutrient levels, pest resistance and other factors. The objective was to evaluate whether Nualgi Foliar could improve spinach crop performance and provide an adequate return on investment.
This document provides a summary and guide for organic blueberry production. It discusses key topics like variety selection, soil fertility and pH requirements, cultural practices, pest and disease management, and marketing. The guide is intended to address the specific needs for growing blueberries organically and sustainably. It provides an overview of different blueberry species and varieties suited to different regions, as well as soil testing and amendments needed to achieve the optimal acidic pH for blueberry growth.
Aprendizajes en 15 años y 120 variedades de arándanos cultivados en el Pacífi...Cooprinsem
This document summarizes the findings from 15 years of trials evaluating over 120 blueberry cultivars in the Pacific Northwest. Key learnings include: 1) netting is essential for evaluating summer cultivars to prevent bird damage; 2) a randomized block design is better than a completely randomized design for managing the trial; 3) three replications were sufficient to detect meaningful yield differences; and 4) yields in years 4-6 strongly correlated with long-term performance. The trials found that northern highbush cultivars were generally best adapted, with a few southern cultivars also performing well. Rabbiteye cultivars worked for late season but had lower fruit quality.
This document summarizes a research project testing the use of vinegar as an organic herbicide for garlic production. The researcher divided garlic rows into control and test plots. In test plots, weeds were controlled with vinegar sprayed in-row, while controls used manual weeding. Vinegar effectively controlled most broadleaf weeds but had minimal effect on grasses. The garlic crop was unaffected by the vinegar. Using vinegar provided a 94% reduction in labor for weed control compared to manual weeding. The researcher concluded that vinegar is a viable organic herbicide option for garlic production and other farm uses.
1. The document discusses chemical crop regulation methods in fruit crops, focusing on regulating flowering, fruiting, water and nutrient management, and yield through chemical applications.
2. Various chemicals like paclobutrazol, NAA, ethephon, Armothin, ATS, and hydrogels are described as being used to regulate flowering timing, increase fruit set and retention, thin blossoms, and improve water and nutrient uptake to increase yields.
3. A case study evaluates the efficacy of the chemical thinner Brevis on apple trees, finding that multiple applications resulted in lower fruit set and crop load than single applications or the control.
Mr. David Bynoe conducted research trials on organic farming methods. His cabbage production trial found that chicken manure produced significantly higher yields than conventional fertilizer or sheep manure. A lettuce trial found that pre-plant application of Nano-Gro led to faster initial leaf growth but no long-term difference. Okra and squash nursery trials found Nano-Gro did not increase germination or growth, though it may increase the rate okra reaches the two-leaf stage. Further research is needed before recommending Nano-Gro to farmers.
This document summarizes a research project that tested the use of various digestates (byproducts of anaerobic digestion) mixed with bark as growing media for containerized plants. The researchers created different mixtures using four types of digestates at various rates mixed with a base of bark, wood fiber, and topsoil. Three plant species - cyclamen, fern, and pine - were grown in the mixtures and two control media for over 90 days. Growth and quality of the plants were evaluated. The study found that for all three species, most digestate mixtures did not significantly affect plant growth or quality compared to the controls. The digestates provided adequate nutrients and growing conditions. Therefore, digestates show potential as ingredients in growing media
1. The document evaluates the Operation Trumpet Call (OTC) project, a conservation agriculture project run by Tearfund and local churches in Zimbabwe. OTC promotes conservation agriculture techniques similar to other organizations but emphasizes time management principles. It also originally provided free inputs and organizes through local churches.
2. Farmers who adopted techniques through OTC reported increased maize yields averaging 717kg per farmer, sufficient for family consumption. Yields were 1.5-2.4 metric tons per hectare. However, conservation agriculture requires more labor than conventional farming. Increased production led to benefits like improved schooling and livestock.
3. While some farmers adopted conservation agriculture practices for all production, most use it on
NO-TILL AND CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE FALLOW WINTER WHEAT PRODUCTION COMPARISON IN...nacaa
An on-farm study compared conventional tillage fallow, no-till early seeding, and no-till late seeding winter wheat systems over four years. Soil moisture was similar down to three feet between treatments, but conventional tillage had more moisture in the upper eight inches. No-till systems had less soil compaction between ten and sixteen inches deep. Grain yield and economic return were similar for conventional tillage and no-till early seeding, averaging over $170 per acre. No-till late seeding yielded 20% less and had $115 per acre return over costs.
ESTIMATING STABILITY PARAMETERS AND STRESS INDICES USING ELITE SALT TOLERANT ...SriTejaswi11
This study evaluated 13 salt tolerant rice genotypes across 13 locations in India representing saline and alkaline environments over two years. Yield and other traits were measured and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis was performed to assess stability and adaptation. The AMMI1 model with one interaction principal component best explained the genotype-environment interactions. The genotype CHK3 was identified as the most widely adapted, with the highest yield across the most number of environments based on the AMMI models. This genotype shows potential for cultivation in multiple saline and alkaline environments.
This document provides an overview of organic blueberry production. It discusses that blueberries require acidic soil conditions between pH 4.8-5.5. The most common organic method for lowering soil pH is through applying sulfur prior to planting. Soil pH plays an important role in nitrogen availability and uptake by blueberries. Organic fertilizers like fish meal provide nitrogen in the ammonium form preferred by blueberries. The document aims to address all aspects of organic blueberry production from soils and varieties to pests, diseases, and marketing.
This document provides an overview of organic blueberry production. It discusses that blueberries require acidic soil conditions between pH 4.8-5.5. The most common organic method for lowering soil pH is through applying sulfur prior to planting. Soil pH also influences nitrogen availability, as blueberries prefer ammonium nitrogen forms in acidic soils. Overall, the document introduces key aspects of organic blueberry production including varieties, soil and fertility management, pests, diseases and marketing.
Evalution the changes of some biomolecules of two grapevine cultivars against...Innspub Net
Salinity is one of the limiting factor for grape growing in arid and semi-arid areas. Hence he effect of salinity on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of two seedless cultivars of grape namely Flame Seedless and Perlette under salinity stress were investigated. The design of the experiment was factorial arrangement in a complete randomized design with four replications. Five levels of salinity (0, 25, 50,75 and 100 m molar of NaCl) in irrigation water were surveyed on rooted cuttings of both cultivars. Results indicated that with increasing salinity levels photosynthesis, amount of soluble proteins and relative leaf water content was decreased and amount of proline and soluble sugars were increased. Ion leakage of cell membrane and malondialdehyde were increased with increased salinity. Withoute salinity application Perlette cultivar produced the best values for physiological and morphological indices. In general, Perlette cultivar proved more tolerance against salinity than Flame Seedless cultivar did. Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-6-number-5-may-2015-jbes/
Alternate bearing in avocados is genetically encoded and can be difficult to manage. It is usually precipitated by abnormal crops that stress the tree's resources. While alternate bearing indexes show it is a problem globally, management strategies like pruning, nutrition timing, and growth regulators can help reduce its amplitude. Achieving the proper balance of vegetative and reproductive growth is key to stabilizing yields from year to year.
Recent advances in the methods of fertilizer scheduling in temperate fruitsJahangeer Ahmad
Fertilizer scheduling is the process of determining when to give fertilizer and how much of fertilizer to be applied.
Scientific fertilizer scheduling is a technique providing knowledge on correct time and optimum quantity of fertilizer application at each stage to optimize crop yields with maximum fertilizer use efficiency and at the same time ensuring minimum damage to soil properties.
This document provides a summary of the 2010 PEST MANAGEMENT UPDATE Forages, Pastures, and Invasive Plants from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It discusses new herbicide labels for use in pastures and forages, techniques for controlling winter annual weeds in alfalfa, establishing legumes after herbicide application, and managing herbicide persistence in manure to avoid impacting sensitive crops. The document also provides resources on identifying and managing invasive plant species according to Wisconsin's new invasive species rule.
1. FROM ROOTS TO FRUIT!
COMPLETE AGRONOMIC CONSULTING SUPPORT PROVIDED BY PEST CONTROL ADVISORS, QUALIFIED APPLICATORS, CERTIFIED CROP ADVISORS,
CERTIFIED IRRIGATION SPECIALIST!
Nualgi Foliar Fertilizer Fresh Market Grape
Trial
Kingsburg, CA
May-August 2015
9th
Leaf Crop
Commissioned by Nualgi America, Inc. 100 E San Marcos Boulevard, Suite 400, San Marcos, CA 92069
Field Trial Performed by Jeff Hill, PCA, CCA, QAL. President, ATP AGRICULTURE & IRRIGATION CONSULTANTS using
research parameters per ARM reporting software
Analytical Laboratory: A&L Western Laboratory, DellaValle Labs
PCA: J. Hill
Grower: Sweeney Family Farms
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Methodology
3.1 Trial Location
3.2 Weather, timing
3.3 Soils
3.4 Test protocol
4. Trial Milestones
4.1 Growth and output
4.2 Nutrient Assessment
4.3 Color
4.4 Plant stress assessment
4.5 Pest and disease resistance
5. Return on Investment
6. Trial Comments
3. 1. Introduction
Nualgi America, Inc. has engaged JTP Agriculture and Irrigation Consultants to conduct
field trials of its foliar fertilizer product, Nualgi Foliar Spray. NualgiAmerica also markets
water treatment products such as NualgiPonds and Nualgi Aquarium. Nualgi America is
based in San Marcos, CA.
Nualgi Foliar Spray is an advanced nano scale foliar spray, which combines a balanced
mix of 13 plant nutrients in a single formulation. It contains primary nutrients (P,K);
secondary nutrients (Ca, Mg, S); Micro Nutrients (Fe, MN, Zn, Cu, B, Mo) and in addition
Silica and Cobalt. The particle size is between 1 and 30 nano meters. It is unlikeother
foliar agents, which comprise of limited nutrients in the formulation. All nutrients are at
nano scale allowing for easier fluming in the tank and smaller micro droplets during
application.
This report covers detailed data and commentary on the trial of Nualgi Foliar Spray
applied to a processing tomatoes crop in Firebaugh, CA from planting to harvest during
May-August 2015
2. Objective
The objective of the trial is to prove or disprove the efficacy of Nualgi Foliar Spray on
fresh market grapes based on grower standard with a minimal approach of including
Nualgi Foliar.
3. Methodology
3.1 Trial Location
Trial was performed in Kingsburg, CA on a 2.5 acres section located in 60-acre
block. Kingsburg was chosen, as it is an ideal location within the fresh market
grape production area of California.
3.2 Weather, timing
The climate of the Kingsburg area is relatively cool and moist in the winter and
warm and dry in the summer. Relative humidity readings of 15 percent are common
on summer afternoons, and readings as low as 8 percent have been recorded. In
contrast to this, humidity readings average 90 percent during the morning hoursof
December and January. Average monthly temperatures range from 45.3°F in
January to 80.6°F in July. Summer weather is typically at or above 90°F over100
days per year. Temperatures of 32°F and below occur only about 27 days per year.
4. Central California’s weather is mainly influenced by the North Pacific High Pressure
system. During the summer, a high-pressure ridge develops over the Pacific Ocean
blocking the penetration of moist air from the Pacific. This high-pressure system
tends to weaken during the winter months thereby opening the door to Pacific
storms. Nearly 90 percent of Firebaugh’s annual precipitation falls in the six months
between November and April. The mean annual rainfall is 8.27 inches.
Air movement through the San Joaquin Valley is usually in a northwest to southeast
direction. Wind enters the Valley over the passes east of the San Francisco Bay and
exits through mountain passes at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley,
principally Tehachapi.
3.3 Soils
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, super active, nonacid, thermic Xeric
Torriorthents
TYPICAL PEDON: Hesperia fine sandy loam--disturbed site. (Colors are for dry
soil unless otherwise stated).
Ap--0 to 4 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR4/3)
moist; weak medium sub angular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable,
nonstick and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine interstitial
and few very fine tubular pores; slightly acid (pH 6.3); abrupt smooth boundary.
(4 to 10 inches thick).
C1--4to 22 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR
4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common
very fine and few fine roots; common very fine interstitial and few veryfine
tubular pores; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual smooth boundary. (16 to20
inches thick).
C2--22 to 54 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR
4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common
very fine and few fine roots; common very fine interstitial, and few veryfine
tubular pores; slightly effervescent with disseminated lime moderately alkaline
(pH 8.0); gradual smooth boundary. (30 to 34 inchesthick).
C3--54 to 77 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3)
moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; commonvery
fine, few fine roots; common very fine interstitial, few very fine tubular pores;
strongly effervescent with disseminated lime; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0).
5. 3.4 Irrigation
Irrigation for grapevines are done based on a simplistic approach and usually
focuses on crop appearance and feel. Some growers enlist pressure bomb
readings and irrigate based on the negative bars reaching 11 to 13 bars, which
means that it’s a limited stress irrigation. This is a little different for fresh
market grapes and the crop loads are heavier and therefor need a good amount
of water to keep them moving. Drip irrigation using above ground lines with ½
gal per hour emitters are utilized and irrigation is done at 6 gal per plant per
week through the growing season. Water is slowed during harvest to allow
ripening and avoid swelling with water and lowering sugars (brix). After harvest
is completed a 24-hour set is put down to start storage in the plant for the
coming season.
3.5 Test Protocol
This trial consisted of 2 trial segments focusing on the grower standard, as well
as grower standard with the addition of Nualgi Foliar.
Grower Standard: Growers standard consisted of multiple injections and foliar
throughout growing season. At swell an application of 3-18-18 was applied at
10 gal per acre. Twelve inches of growth a foliar application of evergreen was
applied at 1qt per acre and an injection of Calcium Thiosulfate at 15 gal per acre
followed by 1 gal of AgroBactor. At twenty inches of growth and pre-bloom a
foliar of Zinquexx at 1 qt per acre plus Magnet B at 1 pt per acre with 1 gal of
AgroBactor per acre and Fosfi-Cal at 2 pounds per acre drip applied. Post bloom
application of potassium thiosulfate at 20 gal per acre was used with a foliar of
Best K at 1 qt per acre. Swelling an additional application of AgroBactor was
applied with Best K and Saeta Gold each at 1 qt per acre.
Grower Standard + Nualgi Foliar: The only difference between this plotand
grower standard was the application of 6 foliar shots at 200ml per application of
Nualgi Foliar.
6. 4 Trial Milestones
4.1 Growth and Output
There was a visible growth difference between the section that was applied with
NF as an add on. We saw a visible increase in size of berries, color of leaves and
overall fullness of clusters.
GS+NF
7. GS+NF
4.2 Nutrient Assessment
There were no noticeable differences between the grower standard and the
reduced grower standard with the addition of Nualgi. One element not analyzed
in current lab protocol is Si. This will need to be observed in the future asthe
overall growth and impact of the plants respiration is driven by Si, a key partof
Nualgi.
4.3 Color
Visually you can see a size comparison of the crimson seedless based on the use
of a quarter as well as the cluster in the center was treated with NF versus
Grower standard. This became fully colored 11 days sooner as you can seethe
2 GS clusters in various stages ofripening.
8. 4.4 Plant Stress Assessment
One thing that we needed to consider is the overall impact of waterand
environmental stress points and how that affects the plants ability to
continue respiration. When plants come under any stress whether
environmental due to mainly heat or dehydration due to water deficit
irrigations the plant slows and therefore affects yields and quality. Wedid
not consider the quality of the water as a factor but this should be
considered in the future as wells get lower and heavy metals increase. We
would also look at Na issues in the water and the effects on plant growth
and performance when utilizing Nualgi in the future. The look of thecrop
before harvest is a perfect sign of overall stress impact and how the addition
of Nualgi helped.
10. 4.5 Pest and Disease Resistance
While the use of Si has been proven to decrease diseases and orpest
pressures we didn’t perform these test, as Nualgi will be utilized asa
nutritional and not as a dual-purpose material. We did visually see novisible
issues in the NF blocks but no relationship was established.
5. Return on investment
We calculated the ROI based on boxes picked and the additional cost per
box versus profit.
17910
Gross
Price/Box
GS+NF 20#/Boxes
1194
15240
GS
1016
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 1600018000
11. If you take in consideration of the increase in cost of application of the NF at $200 per acre the
overall impact to the yield and profit improvement was $2470.00. There is no other ROI
consideration needed as the only variation between plots were the additional applications of
NF.
6. Trial Comments
After trial completed it is obvious that the overall impact of Nualgi Foliar as anadded
material will increase the plants coloring and yield. We feel a major player for this is the size
of the material as well as the essential nutrients that are often overlooked in a crop cycle.
While we feel that over applications of synthetic based nutrients deplete the soil profileof
the carbon chain molecules and strips bonds therefor causing depletion of nutrients and the
need forever increasing amount of materials the addition of Nualgi Foliar will helpsustain
plant growth and overall health. This is due to the active elements inside thematerials,
which help increase photosynthesis and enables the plants to absorb more CO2. This in turn
increases liquid based carbons in the plant and allows for more translocation and a healthier
more robust plant.
Quality of Crop: The overall impact of Nualgi on the crop itself is simply undeniable. What
we can see with the addition of NF there is a decrease in plant stress and an increase of
rigidity of the plant. This helps the plant to increase respiration and photosynthesis. NF as
an add it to a program can allow growers to increase the plants ability to grow and therefor
is a beneficial add to a grower basedprogram.
Gross Profit in Dollars
2670 increase
profit on NF
treated
secjon
GS
GS+NF
12. Effects on Yield: After reviewing the harvest records the GS + NF had an increase in quality
and overall yield of 14.99%. That equated to enough of a revenue increase based on crop
sales alone to cover the price of theapplications.