NPCIL Rawatbhatta Project Report by someone

1. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
A
PRESENTATION
ON
NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LIMITED
RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION, RAWATBHATA
Submitted To:
Dr. Mahendra Lalwani
(Associate Professor)
Mrs. Seema Meena
(Assistant Professor)
Submitted By:
Lekhraj Meena (12/042)

2. NUCLEAR POWER CORPORATION OF INDIA LTD.
The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) is a government-owned
corporation of India based in Mumbai.
NPCIL is administered by the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), part of the
Ministry of Science and Technology.
NPCIL was created in September 1987 as public limited company under the
Companies Act 1956, "with the objective of undertaking the design, construction,
operation and maintenance of the atomic power stations for generation of electricity in
pursuance of the schemes and programmes of the Government of India under the
provision of the Atomic Energy Act 1962." All nuclear power plants operated by the
company are certified for ISO-14001 (Environment Management System).
NPCIL is responsible for design, construction, commissioning and operation of
nuclear power reactors. Atomic Energy Act, 1962. NPCIL has also equity participation
in BHAVINI, an organization formed for implementation for Fast Breeder Reactors
programme in the country.

3. RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION
 Rawatbhata remote town in Chittorgarh district about 64 KMs, from Kota, an
industrial city of Rajasthan.
The land selected is in between Rana Pratap Sagar Dam &Gandhi Sagar Dam at
the right bank of Chambal River.
The water from the reservoir of the Rana Pratap Sagar Dam serves the
requirements of the Nuclear Power Plants.
There are six PHWR units. One 100 MWe, One 200MWe,Four 220 MWe units.
For employees various colonies are constructed with all the domestic facilities.

4. RAJASTHAN ATOMIC POWER STATION (RAPS)
UNIT REACTOR TYPE Capacity(MW) Date of Commercial Ops
1 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) 100 December 16, 1973
2 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) 200 April 1, 1981
3 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) 220 June 1, 2000
4 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) 220 December 23, 2000
5 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) 220 February 4, 2010
6 Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) 220 March 31, 2010

5. ENERGY REQUIRMENT
Electrical energy is the basic need for development of
every Country.
Unavailability of energy leads to:
a. Poverty
b. Poor Health
c. Reduced educational attainment

6. 0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000 15200
13400
10000 9800
8400
7800
7200
6500
5700
5400
4800
2900
2400
900
2900
kwh/year
PER CAPITA ENERGY CONSUMPTION

7. INDIA’S INSTALLED CAPACITY & % SHARE BY
VARIOUS SOURCES
Present Capacity 2,67,600 MW
Thermal 71%
Coal-62%
Gas-8.5%
Diesel-0.5%
Hydro 15.5%
Wind / Renewable 11.5%
Nuclear 2%
Coal
62%
Hydro
15.5%
Wind/
Renewable
11.5%
Gas+Diesel
9%
Nuclear
2%

8. WHY SHOULD WE USE NUCLEAR ENERGY
GENERATION?
Comparison of Fuel required to generate 1 MU electricity
kg)
~Two Fuel Bundle (27 Kg) ~700 Tones Coal

9. NPCIL’s

10. NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTION(NUCLEAR FISSION)
a slow moving neutron induces fission in Uranium 235
Energy

11. HOW DOES FISSION REACTION OCCURES?

12. PHWR SCHEMATIC FLOW DIAGRAM

13. REACTOR BUILDING
Structural Wall
Inner Containment
Wall
Primary
Containment
Wall
Fast Acting Two
Independent
Shut-Down
Systems.
Secondary
Containment
Wall
Steam Generator
PHT
Fast Acting Two
Independent Shut-
Down Systems.

14. CALANDRIA
 It is the heart of reactor and forms the Core of reactor.
 It consists of:-
Nuclear Fuel
Control Rods
Pressure Tubes
Moderator

15. FUEL BUNDLE
Zircaloy End Plate
UO2 Pellets
Zircaloy Tube

16. PHWR SIMPLIFIED FLOW DIAGRAM

17. MULTIPLE BARRIERS
30 January 2008
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd
Primary
Containment
Secondary
Containment
Exclusion
Distance (1.6
Km)
Public
Domain
Clad
Coolant
Boundary
Uranium
Dioxide
Sterilized
Zone (5 Km)

18. STEAM GENERATOR
• It is used to convert water into steam from heat generated in nuclear reactor.
• Steam contains more kinetic energy than liquid. That’s why we use steam
instead of liquid water.
• The boiler assemblies contain 10-u shaped shell & tube heat exchangers,
connected in parallel.
PRIMARY HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM(PHT)
• It circulates pressurized coolant through the fuel channels to remove the heat
generated in fuel.
FUELING SYSTEM
• Two fueling machines in conjunction, one each at the ends of the Reactor,
carry out on-power refueling.
• New fuel bundles are inserted by one of the fueling machine at one end of
the reactor while the other machine at the other end receives the spent fuel
bundles.

19. TURBINE
 It converts the kinetic
energy of steam into
mechanical energy.
 In R.A.P.S. impulse
turbine is used which
runs at 3000 R.P.M.

20. GENERATOR
 It is used to convert the
mechanical output of turbine
into electrical output.
 It is connected to turbine by
means of a shaft, which provides
the output of turbine to the
generator.
 Here we run the generator at a
rotation speed of 3000 RPM.

21. COOLING TOWERS
 It consists of a shell and is open at top
and bottom.
 Purpose is to bring down the temperature
of light water.
 There are two types of cooling towers:-
(1) Natural Draft Cooling Tower (NDCT)
(2) Induced Draft Cooling Tower (IDCT)

22. CATALOGUES OF NUCLEAR REACTOR
 BOILING WATER REACTOR (BWR)
 PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR (PWR)
 FAST BREEDER REACTORS

23. BOILING WATER REACTOR

24. PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR (PWR)

25. FAST BREEDER REACTORS
 U-238 captures a neutron and transmutes to
Pu-239
 Pu-239 is fissile like U-235
 Increases efficiency of uranium use >50x
 Could use up depleted uranium stockpiles &
plutonium from dismantled weapons

26. NUCLEAR FUEL RESERVES
 Uranium Reserve 61,000 tones
 Thorium Reserve 225,000 tones

27. CONVERSION OF FERTILE MATERIAL
INTO FISSILE MATERIAL
U-238 or Th-232 Pu-239 or U-233

28. FUTURE POWER REQUIREMENT WITH
9% GROWTH RATE
3,00,000 MWe by 2017
4,00,000 MWe by 2022
9,50,000 MWe by 2030

29. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
 Environmental Survey Lab started functioning in the site prior to
commencement of operation of NPP.
 Samples of water, vegetation are periodically analyzed.
 No change is observed from the levels persisted earlier to plant operation.
 Abundant numbers of fishes are found in RPS lake.
 Many fruit bearing trees are seen around NPP site.

30. SAMPLING IN PROGRESS

31. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
SPENT FUEL POOL

32. THANK YOU