This document discusses the difference between normality and abnormality. It defines normality as the absence of illness and presence of well-being, while abnormality is a significant deviation from accepted behaviors, emotions, or thoughts. Abnormality can be defined statistically, by violation of social norms, personal distress, or legal violations. Causes of abnormality include biological factors like genetics, psychological factors like learning experiences, and sociocultural factors like discrimination. The DSM provides criteria for classifying and diagnosing mental disorders. Behaviors may be considered abnormal if they cause disability, distress, dysfunction, or violate social norms. The GAF scale is used to assess normality and abnormality on a numeric scale from 0 to 100

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2. Difference between normality &
abnormality

3. Psychological disorders
 Anxiety disorder
 Mood disorder
 Schizophrenia
 Personality disorder
 Mental disorder

4. Normality
 The absence of illness and presence of state of
well being called normality.
 A person who gets according to
the rule and adopt himself according
to the situation.
.

5. Abnormality
 Abnormality is the significant deviation from
commonly accepted patterns of behaviors,
emotion or thought.

6. Abnormality definitions:
 Statistical infrequency:
 It does not account for social acceptance e . g. very
high intelligence.
 Violation of social norms:
 Social norms vary from society to society e.g.
violation of religion’s rule
 Personal distress:
 It includes mentally ill or physically defective people.
 legal act: violation of country’s rule.

7. According to early theories
 Abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to
get out.
 Trephining was often used

8. 8
What Is Normal and Abnormal?
A man
barking like a
dog
A man is
playing
cricket
Aman driving
a nail through
his hand
A man
refusing to
eat for
several days
Students are
studying in a
classroom
Abusinessman
sleeping in his
office

9. Difference between normality
& abnormality
 Normal behavior is socially acceptable while the
abnormal behavior is not acceptable.

10. Causes of abnormal behavior
 There may be of three kinds of causes :
 Biological
 Psychological
 Sociocultural

11.  Biological cause:
-Genetic inheritance
-Physiological changes
-Exposure to toxic
substances
 For example, a thyroid abnormality can cause a
person’s moods to fluctuate widely.

12.  Psychological cause:
-Past learning experiences
-Maladaptive thought patterns
-Difficulties coping with stress

13.  Sociocultural:
-Social policies
-Discrimination
-stigma

14. DSM
 DSM stands for diagnostic statistical manual.
The diagnostic statistical manual of mental
disorder, published by theAmerican psychiatric
Association, provides a common language and
standard criteria for the classification of mental
disorder.

15. According to DSM
 According to the DSM-IV-TR, behaviors may be
considered abnormal if they are associated with
disability, personal distress, the violation of social
norms, or dysfunction.
 The DSM system like the medical model , treats
abnormal behaviors as signs and symptoms of
underlying disorders and pathologies.

16. According to Axis 4
 Axis IV is for reporting psychosocial and
environmental problems.A psychosocial or
environmental problem may be a negative life
event, an environmental difficulty or deficiency.
 For example
 Problems with primary support group:
 death of a family member , divorce neglect of child.
 Problems related to the social environment:
 living alone adjustment to life-cycle transition (such
as retirement).
 Educational problems:
 academic problem ,bad school environment.

17. According to axis4
 academic problems ,bad school environment.
 Occupational problems:
 unemployment; threat of job loss; stressful work
schedule.
 Housing problems:
 Homelessness, discord with neighbors or landlord.
 Economic problems:
 Extreme poverty.
 Other psychosocial and environmental problems:
 Exposure to disasters, war

18. GAF
 The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)
is a numeric scale (0 through 100) used by
mental health physicians.
 we can assess someone'1 normality and
abnormality by the increase of number from 0 to
100.for example on 80 to 90 a person will be
consideard as normal but on 10 to 20 abnormal.

20. NIDA RABBANI
Presented by: