The document discusses the DARPA Inference Cheking Kludge Scanner, an extension of Nmap that enables remote backdooring of systems. It demonstrates exploiting a Windows 8 kernel pool overflow to trigger a microcode update and permanently compromise the target. The tool is then shown scanning a live system, identifying the CPU, and crafting a payload to update the microcode and backdoor the machine.
The document discusses the DARPA Inference Cheking Kludge Scanner, an extension of the Nmap scanner that enables permanent remote compromise of the scanned computer. It demonstrates exploiting a Windows 8 kernel pool overflow to punch microcode updates to the CPU, backdooring the system. The tool is shown scanning a target system, identifying the CPU details, and implying the ability to remotely update the microcode.
Real-time in the real world: DIRT in productionbcantrill
This document discusses the challenges of building and debugging DIRT (data-intensive real-time) applications in production. It provides examples from the mobile push-to-talk app Voxer, which is described as a canonical DIRT app. Specific issues covered include application restarts inducing latency bubbles, dropped TCP connections causing latency outliers, and identifying sources of slow disk I/O. Tools like DTrace are highlighted as being essential for instrumentation and problem diagnosis in DIRT apps.
Having developed a test set, we started to research how safe it is for clients to use 4G networks of the telecommunication companies. During the research we have tested SIM-cards, 4G USB modems, radio components, IP access network. First of all we looked for the vulnerabilities that could be exploited remotely, via IP or radio network.
And the result was not late in arriving. In some cases we managed to attack SIM-cards and install a malicious Java applet there, we were able to update remotely USB modem firmware, to change password on a selfcare portal via SMS and even to get access to the internal technological network of a carrier.
Further attack evolution helped to understand how it is possible to use a simple SMS as an exploit that is able not only to compromise a USB modem and all the communications that go through it, but also to install bootkit on a box, that this modem is connected to.
From Kernel Space to User Heaven #NDH2k13Jaime Sánchez
FROM KERNEL SPACE TO USER HEAVEN at NUIT DU HACK 2013 by JAIME SANCHEZ
More information at:
Twitter: @segofensiva
Website: http://www.seguridadofensiva.com
What if you could enqueue from kernel space to user space all your incoming and outgoing network connections? Maybe you could develop some offensive/defensive applications to modify headers and payloads in real time, to detect unauthorized traffic like dns tunneling connections or to fool some well known network tools. This will be showed in Linux-powered devices. It will be explained too some remote OS fingerprinting techniques, both active and passive, implemented in tools like nmap, p0f, or vendor appliances, and a how to defeat them. This technique doesn't need virtual machines or kernel patches, and is highly portable to other platforms.
This document summarizes the development of a new operating system designed specifically for high-speed packet processing. The OS aims to overcome limitations of general-purpose OSes by optimizing for networking workloads and high-speed I/O. It will provide low-latency packet processing for applications like software-defined networking and network function virtualization. The author discusses architectural considerations like minimizing data movement and caching to achieve wire-speed performance on interfaces like 40GbE and beyond.
This document discusses NNgen, a tool for generating neural network hardware implementations from TensorFlow models. NNgen takes a TensorFlow model as input, performs optimizations, and generates an FPGA implementation including a control unit, computing units, RAM blocks, and interconnects. It outputs RTL code and an IP-XACT description of the generated neural network hardware accelerator. Diagrams show an example convolutional layer implementation generated by NNgen, including weight and activation memory blocks, multiply-accumulate units, addition trees, and reuse of computation units via a substream pool.
We show that it is possible to write remote stack buffer overflow exploits without possessing a copy of the target binary or source code, against services that restart after a crash. This makes it possible to hack proprietary closed-binary services, or open-source servers manually compiled and installed from source where the binary remains unknown to the attacker. Traditional techniques are usually paired against a particular binary and distribution where the hacker knows the location of useful gadgets for Return Oriented Programming (ROP). Our Blind ROP (BROP) attack instead remotely finds enough ROP gadgets to perform a write system call and transfers the vulnerable binary over the network, after which an exploit can be completed using known techniques. This is accomplished by leaking a single bit of information based on whether a process crashed or not when given a particular input string. BROP requires a stack vulnerability and a service that restarts after a crash. The attack works against modern 64-bit Linux with address space layout randomization (ASLR), no-execute page protection (NX) and stack canaries.
Aircrack-ng is a suite of tools used to recover wireless encryption keys. It consists of a detector, packet sniffer, and cracker for WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK encryption. It works with wireless network interfaces in monitor mode to sniff 802.11 traffic. Aircrack-ng can recover WEP keys by capturing packets with airodump-ng and then using statistical attacks like PTW or FMS/Korek cracking methods to determine the encryption key from the captured initialization vectors.
The document discusses the DARPA Inference Cheking Kludge Scanner, an extension of the Nmap scanner that enables permanent remote compromise of the scanned computer. It demonstrates exploiting a Windows 8 kernel pool overflow to punch microcode updates to the CPU, backdooring the system. The tool is shown scanning a target system, identifying the CPU details, and implying the ability to remotely update the microcode.
Real-time in the real world: DIRT in productionbcantrill
This document discusses the challenges of building and debugging DIRT (data-intensive real-time) applications in production. It provides examples from the mobile push-to-talk app Voxer, which is described as a canonical DIRT app. Specific issues covered include application restarts inducing latency bubbles, dropped TCP connections causing latency outliers, and identifying sources of slow disk I/O. Tools like DTrace are highlighted as being essential for instrumentation and problem diagnosis in DIRT apps.
Having developed a test set, we started to research how safe it is for clients to use 4G networks of the telecommunication companies. During the research we have tested SIM-cards, 4G USB modems, radio components, IP access network. First of all we looked for the vulnerabilities that could be exploited remotely, via IP or radio network.
And the result was not late in arriving. In some cases we managed to attack SIM-cards and install a malicious Java applet there, we were able to update remotely USB modem firmware, to change password on a selfcare portal via SMS and even to get access to the internal technological network of a carrier.
Further attack evolution helped to understand how it is possible to use a simple SMS as an exploit that is able not only to compromise a USB modem and all the communications that go through it, but also to install bootkit on a box, that this modem is connected to.
From Kernel Space to User Heaven #NDH2k13Jaime Sánchez
FROM KERNEL SPACE TO USER HEAVEN at NUIT DU HACK 2013 by JAIME SANCHEZ
More information at:
Twitter: @segofensiva
Website: http://www.seguridadofensiva.com
What if you could enqueue from kernel space to user space all your incoming and outgoing network connections? Maybe you could develop some offensive/defensive applications to modify headers and payloads in real time, to detect unauthorized traffic like dns tunneling connections or to fool some well known network tools. This will be showed in Linux-powered devices. It will be explained too some remote OS fingerprinting techniques, both active and passive, implemented in tools like nmap, p0f, or vendor appliances, and a how to defeat them. This technique doesn't need virtual machines or kernel patches, and is highly portable to other platforms.
This document summarizes the development of a new operating system designed specifically for high-speed packet processing. The OS aims to overcome limitations of general-purpose OSes by optimizing for networking workloads and high-speed I/O. It will provide low-latency packet processing for applications like software-defined networking and network function virtualization. The author discusses architectural considerations like minimizing data movement and caching to achieve wire-speed performance on interfaces like 40GbE and beyond.
This document discusses NNgen, a tool for generating neural network hardware implementations from TensorFlow models. NNgen takes a TensorFlow model as input, performs optimizations, and generates an FPGA implementation including a control unit, computing units, RAM blocks, and interconnects. It outputs RTL code and an IP-XACT description of the generated neural network hardware accelerator. Diagrams show an example convolutional layer implementation generated by NNgen, including weight and activation memory blocks, multiply-accumulate units, addition trees, and reuse of computation units via a substream pool.
We show that it is possible to write remote stack buffer overflow exploits without possessing a copy of the target binary or source code, against services that restart after a crash. This makes it possible to hack proprietary closed-binary services, or open-source servers manually compiled and installed from source where the binary remains unknown to the attacker. Traditional techniques are usually paired against a particular binary and distribution where the hacker knows the location of useful gadgets for Return Oriented Programming (ROP). Our Blind ROP (BROP) attack instead remotely finds enough ROP gadgets to perform a write system call and transfers the vulnerable binary over the network, after which an exploit can be completed using known techniques. This is accomplished by leaking a single bit of information based on whether a process crashed or not when given a particular input string. BROP requires a stack vulnerability and a service that restarts after a crash. The attack works against modern 64-bit Linux with address space layout randomization (ASLR), no-execute page protection (NX) and stack canaries.
Aircrack-ng is a suite of tools used to recover wireless encryption keys. It consists of a detector, packet sniffer, and cracker for WEP and WPA/WPA2-PSK encryption. It works with wireless network interfaces in monitor mode to sniff 802.11 traffic. Aircrack-ng can recover WEP keys by capturing packets with airodump-ng and then using statistical attacks like PTW or FMS/Korek cracking methods to determine the encryption key from the captured initialization vectors.
MD5 hashes are no longer secure due to the ability to create colliding files that have the same MD5 hash but different content and behavior. This allows an attacker to substitute a harmless file with a malicious one that cannot be detected by the MD5 hash. While auditing and other defenses make exploitation difficult, the failure of MD5 to detect differences means it cannot reliably verify file integrity and properties like executable behavior are preserved. The full attack details have not been released but are more powerful than just appending data, allowing arbitrary manipulation of file content while preserving the MD5 hash.
LibOS as a regression test framework for Linux networking #netdev1.1Hajime Tazaki
This document describes using the LibOS framework to build a regression testing system for Linux networking code. LibOS allows running the Linux network stack in a library, enabling deterministic network simulation. Tests can configure virtual networks and run network applications and utilities to identify bugs in networking code by detecting changes in behavior across kernel versions. Example tests check encapsulation protocols like IP-in-IP and detect past kernel bugs. Results are recorded in JUnit format for integration with continuous integration systems.
Hadoop has become a backbone of many enterprises. While it can do wonders for businesses, it sometimes can be overwhelming for its operators and users. Amateurs as well as seasoned operators of Hadoop are caught unaware by common pitfalls of deploying, tuning and operating a Hadoop cluster. Having spent 5+ years working with 100s of Hadoop users, running clusters with 1000s of nodes, managing 10s of petabytes of data and running 100s of 1000s of tasks per day, we have seen people's unintentional acts, suboptimal configurations and common mistakes have resulted into downtimes, SLA violations, many hours of recovery operations and in some cases even data loss! Most of these traumas could have been easily avoided by applying easy to follow best practices that would protect data and optimize performance. In this talk we present real life stories, common pitfalls and most importantly, strategies on how to correctly deploy and manage Hadoop clusters. The talk will empower users and help make their Hadoop journey more fulfilling and rewarding. We will also discuss SmartSense. SmartSense can identify latent problems in a cluster and provide recommendations so that an operator can fix them before they manifest as a service degradation or outage.
Here are some useful GDB commands for debugging:
- break <function> - Set a breakpoint at a function
- break <file:line> - Set a breakpoint at a line in a file
- run - Start program execution
- next/n - Step over to next line, stepping over function calls
- step/s - Step into function calls
- finish - Step out of current function
- print/p <variable> - Print value of a variable
- backtrace/bt - Print the call stack
- info breakpoints/ib - List breakpoints
- delete <breakpoint#> - Delete a breakpoint
- layout src - Switch layout to source code view
- layout asm - Switch layout
This document discusses Dan Kaminsky's presentation on black ops of TCP/IP. It begins with an introduction of Kaminsky and what topics he plans to cover, including MD5 hashes, IP fragmentation, firewall/IPS fingerprinting, DNS poisoning, and scanning the internet. It then demonstrates how two webpages with different content can have the same MD5 hash due to collisions. It discusses using IP fragmentation and timing attacks to evade intrusion detection systems. It also describes techniques for fingerprinting firewalls and intrusion prevention systems based on their behavior in response to invalid traffic. Finally, it cautions against automatic shunning of IP addresses by security devices to avoid accidentally blocking critical infrastructure like root DNS servers.
DPDK Summit - 08 Sept 2014 - 6WIND - High Perf Networking Leveraging the DPDK...Jim St. Leger
Thomas Monjalon, 6WIND, presents on where/how to use DPDK, the DPDK ecosystem, and the DPDK.org community.
Thomas is the community maintainer of DPDK.org.
The document discusses using dlmopen to run the same binary multiple times in separate namespaces on a single machine. This allows debugging applications with many nodes by loading the binary independently for each node. It also explores using dlmopen to run network stack code in a virtualized environment for network simulation.
Ведущий: Александр Попов
В настоящем докладе будет рассмотрен успешный опыт использования отладочного механизма KASan (Kernel address sanitizer) для автономного гипервизора. Докладчик расскажет, как удалось усилить KASan по сравнению с его реализацией в ядре Linux.
Derevolutionizing OS Fingerprinting: The cat and mouse gameJaime Sánchez
With the explosive growth and distributed nature of computer networks, it has become progressively more difficult to manage, secure, and identify Internet devices. An outsider has the capability to discover general information, such as which operating system a host is running, by searching for default stack parameters, ambiguities in IETF RFCs or non-compliant TCP/IP implementations in responses to malformed requests. By pinpointing the exact OS of a host, an attacker can launch an educated and precise attack against a target machine.
There are lot of reasons to hide your OS to the entire world:
Revealing your OS makes things easier to find and successfully run an exploit against any of your devices.
Having and unpatched or antique OS version is not very convenient for your company prestige. Imagine that your company is a bank and some users notice that you are running an unpatched box. They won't trust you any longer! In addition, these kind of 'bad' news are always sent to the public opinion.
Knowing your OS can also become more dangerous, because people can guess which applications are you running in that OS (data inference). For example if your system is a MS Windows, and you are running a database, it's highly likely that you are running MS-SQL.
It could be convenient for other software companies, to offer you a new OS environment (because they know which you are running).
And finally, privacy; nobody needs to know the systems you've got running.
This talk aims to present well-known methods that perform classification using application-layer traffic (TCP/IP/UDP headers, ICMP packets, or some combination thereof), old style approaches to defeat remote OS fingerprinting (like tweaking Windows registry or implement patches to the Linux kernel) and why this doesn't work with nowadays and could affect TCP/IP stack performance. We'll also present a new approach to detect and defeat both active/passive OS fingerprint with OSfooler-NG, a completely rewritten tool, highly portable, completely undetectable for the attackers and capable of detecting and defeating famous tools like nmap, p0f, Xprobe, pfsense and many commercial engines.
Sorry guys, OS fingerprinting is over...
The document discusses various attacks that are possible against the AoE (ATA over Ethernet) storage protocol due to its lack of authentication and security features. Some key attacks mentioned include replay attacks, unauthenticated disk access by reading and writing directly to disks, creating an AoE proxy to reroute traffic, and denial of service attacks. The document warns that AoE deployments could be vulnerable if not properly segmented from untrusted networks.
DPDK Summit 2015 - RIFT.io - Tim MortsolfJim St. Leger
DPDK Summit 2015 in San Francisco.
Presentation by RIFT.io's CTO Tim Mortsolf.
For additional details and the video recording please visit www.dpdksummit.com.
The document discusses vulnerabilities in Netgear SOHO routers that allow remote code execution. It describes analyzing the firmware of a Netgear WNDR3700 router to find SQL injection vulnerabilities in the MiniDLNA media server. These vulnerabilities can be chained to extract passwords from the router's filesystem and execute arbitrary code by manipulating the database and triggering a buffer overflow. The talk will include a live demonstration exploiting these issues to gain a root shell on the router.
Kernel Recipes 2019 - Metrics are moneyAnne Nicolas
In I.T. we all use all kinds of metrics. Operations teams rely heavily on these, especially when things go south. These metrics are sometimes overrated. Let’s dive into a few real life stories together.
Aurélien Rougemont
This document proposes Direct Code Execution (DCE), an approach to improve the functional realism of network simulators while maintaining timing realism and debuggability. DCE runs real network application and kernel code within a simulator by virtualizing it as multiple nodes in a single process. This allows experiments to be fully reproducible while debugging distributed implementations. The approach is evaluated using case studies on multipath TCP and wireless handoffs that demonstrate improved realism over emulation and the ability to debug distributed applications.
john-devkit: 100 типов хешей спустя / john-devkit: 100 Hash Types LaterPositive Hack Days
Ведущий: Алексей Черепанов
Скорость взлома хешей растет. Растет и количество алгоритмов хеширования. Объем задач для поддержки универсального инструмента для взлома тоже увеличивается. В ответ на это был разработан john-devkit — улучшенный генератор кода к известному приложению для взлома паролей John the Ripper. john-devkit содержит более 100 типов хешей. Ведущий рассмотрит ключевые аспекты его использования: разделение алгоритмов, оптимизация и вывод данных для различных устройств, простое промежуточное представление алгоритмов хеширования, трудности оптимизации для человека и машины, bitslicing, сравнение скорости обработки.
NUSE (Network Stack in Userspace) at #osioHajime Tazaki
This document describes Network Stack in Userspace (NUSE), which implements a full network stack as a userspace library. NUSE aims to allow faster evolution of network stacks outside the kernel and enable network protocol personalization. It works by patching the Linux kernel to include a new architecture, implementing the network stack components as a userspace library, and hijacking POSIX socket calls to redirect them to the NUSE implementation. Performance tests show NUSE adding only small overhead compared to kernel implementations. NUSE can also integrate with the ns-3 network simulator to enable controllable and reproducible network simulations using real protocol implementations.
Ведущий: Терренс Гаро
В докладе рассказывается о том, как создать ханипот (ловушку) и организовать сервис с обновляемыми данными о попавшихся DDoS-ботах с помощью Kibana, Elasticsearch, Logstash и AMQP. Докладчик откроет исходный код системы мониторинга и сбора внешней статистики DDoS-атак, над которой он работал со своей командой последние два года.
Library Operating System for Linux #netdev01Hajime Tazaki
This document introduces a library operating system approach for using the Linux network stack in userspace. Some key points:
- It describes building the Linux network stack (including components like ARP, TCP/IP, Qdisc, etc) as a library that can be loaded and used in userspace.
- This allows flexible experimentation with and testing of new network stack ideas without modifying the kernel. Code can be added and tested through the library interface.
- Implementations described include directly executing the code (DCE) and using it to integrate with a network simulator, as well as a Network Stack in Userspace (NUSE) that provides a full-featured POSIX-like platform for the network stack in user
D. Fast, Simple User-Space Network Functions with Snabb (RIPE 77)Igalia
By Andy Wingo.
Snabb is an open-source toolkit for building fast, flexible network functions. Since its beginnings in 2012, Snabb has seen some modest deployment success ranging from simple one-off diagnosis tools to border routers that process all IPv4 traffic for entire countries. This talk will give an introduction to Snabb. After going over Snabb's fundamental components and how they combine, the talk will move on to examples of how network engineers are taking advantage of Snabb in practice, mentioning a few of the many open-source network functions built on Snabb.
(c) RIPE 77
15 - 19 October 2018
Amsterdam, Netherlands
https://ripe77.ripe.net
Slides de la présentation faite lors du PerfUG #3 du 29 août 2013 chez Octo Technology.
Sujet : comment déterminer rapidement les performances unitaires dont un système informatique est capable.
MD5 hashes are no longer secure due to the ability to create colliding files that have the same MD5 hash but different content and behavior. This allows an attacker to substitute a harmless file with a malicious one that cannot be detected by the MD5 hash. While auditing and other defenses make exploitation difficult, the failure of MD5 to detect differences means it cannot reliably verify file integrity and properties like executable behavior are preserved. The full attack details have not been released but are more powerful than just appending data, allowing arbitrary manipulation of file content while preserving the MD5 hash.
LibOS as a regression test framework for Linux networking #netdev1.1Hajime Tazaki
This document describes using the LibOS framework to build a regression testing system for Linux networking code. LibOS allows running the Linux network stack in a library, enabling deterministic network simulation. Tests can configure virtual networks and run network applications and utilities to identify bugs in networking code by detecting changes in behavior across kernel versions. Example tests check encapsulation protocols like IP-in-IP and detect past kernel bugs. Results are recorded in JUnit format for integration with continuous integration systems.
Hadoop has become a backbone of many enterprises. While it can do wonders for businesses, it sometimes can be overwhelming for its operators and users. Amateurs as well as seasoned operators of Hadoop are caught unaware by common pitfalls of deploying, tuning and operating a Hadoop cluster. Having spent 5+ years working with 100s of Hadoop users, running clusters with 1000s of nodes, managing 10s of petabytes of data and running 100s of 1000s of tasks per day, we have seen people's unintentional acts, suboptimal configurations and common mistakes have resulted into downtimes, SLA violations, many hours of recovery operations and in some cases even data loss! Most of these traumas could have been easily avoided by applying easy to follow best practices that would protect data and optimize performance. In this talk we present real life stories, common pitfalls and most importantly, strategies on how to correctly deploy and manage Hadoop clusters. The talk will empower users and help make their Hadoop journey more fulfilling and rewarding. We will also discuss SmartSense. SmartSense can identify latent problems in a cluster and provide recommendations so that an operator can fix them before they manifest as a service degradation or outage.
Here are some useful GDB commands for debugging:
- break <function> - Set a breakpoint at a function
- break <file:line> - Set a breakpoint at a line in a file
- run - Start program execution
- next/n - Step over to next line, stepping over function calls
- step/s - Step into function calls
- finish - Step out of current function
- print/p <variable> - Print value of a variable
- backtrace/bt - Print the call stack
- info breakpoints/ib - List breakpoints
- delete <breakpoint#> - Delete a breakpoint
- layout src - Switch layout to source code view
- layout asm - Switch layout
This document discusses Dan Kaminsky's presentation on black ops of TCP/IP. It begins with an introduction of Kaminsky and what topics he plans to cover, including MD5 hashes, IP fragmentation, firewall/IPS fingerprinting, DNS poisoning, and scanning the internet. It then demonstrates how two webpages with different content can have the same MD5 hash due to collisions. It discusses using IP fragmentation and timing attacks to evade intrusion detection systems. It also describes techniques for fingerprinting firewalls and intrusion prevention systems based on their behavior in response to invalid traffic. Finally, it cautions against automatic shunning of IP addresses by security devices to avoid accidentally blocking critical infrastructure like root DNS servers.
DPDK Summit - 08 Sept 2014 - 6WIND - High Perf Networking Leveraging the DPDK...Jim St. Leger
Thomas Monjalon, 6WIND, presents on where/how to use DPDK, the DPDK ecosystem, and the DPDK.org community.
Thomas is the community maintainer of DPDK.org.
The document discusses using dlmopen to run the same binary multiple times in separate namespaces on a single machine. This allows debugging applications with many nodes by loading the binary independently for each node. It also explores using dlmopen to run network stack code in a virtualized environment for network simulation.
Ведущий: Александр Попов
В настоящем докладе будет рассмотрен успешный опыт использования отладочного механизма KASan (Kernel address sanitizer) для автономного гипервизора. Докладчик расскажет, как удалось усилить KASan по сравнению с его реализацией в ядре Linux.
Derevolutionizing OS Fingerprinting: The cat and mouse gameJaime Sánchez
With the explosive growth and distributed nature of computer networks, it has become progressively more difficult to manage, secure, and identify Internet devices. An outsider has the capability to discover general information, such as which operating system a host is running, by searching for default stack parameters, ambiguities in IETF RFCs or non-compliant TCP/IP implementations in responses to malformed requests. By pinpointing the exact OS of a host, an attacker can launch an educated and precise attack against a target machine.
There are lot of reasons to hide your OS to the entire world:
Revealing your OS makes things easier to find and successfully run an exploit against any of your devices.
Having and unpatched or antique OS version is not very convenient for your company prestige. Imagine that your company is a bank and some users notice that you are running an unpatched box. They won't trust you any longer! In addition, these kind of 'bad' news are always sent to the public opinion.
Knowing your OS can also become more dangerous, because people can guess which applications are you running in that OS (data inference). For example if your system is a MS Windows, and you are running a database, it's highly likely that you are running MS-SQL.
It could be convenient for other software companies, to offer you a new OS environment (because they know which you are running).
And finally, privacy; nobody needs to know the systems you've got running.
This talk aims to present well-known methods that perform classification using application-layer traffic (TCP/IP/UDP headers, ICMP packets, or some combination thereof), old style approaches to defeat remote OS fingerprinting (like tweaking Windows registry or implement patches to the Linux kernel) and why this doesn't work with nowadays and could affect TCP/IP stack performance. We'll also present a new approach to detect and defeat both active/passive OS fingerprint with OSfooler-NG, a completely rewritten tool, highly portable, completely undetectable for the attackers and capable of detecting and defeating famous tools like nmap, p0f, Xprobe, pfsense and many commercial engines.
Sorry guys, OS fingerprinting is over...
The document discusses various attacks that are possible against the AoE (ATA over Ethernet) storage protocol due to its lack of authentication and security features. Some key attacks mentioned include replay attacks, unauthenticated disk access by reading and writing directly to disks, creating an AoE proxy to reroute traffic, and denial of service attacks. The document warns that AoE deployments could be vulnerable if not properly segmented from untrusted networks.
DPDK Summit 2015 - RIFT.io - Tim MortsolfJim St. Leger
DPDK Summit 2015 in San Francisco.
Presentation by RIFT.io's CTO Tim Mortsolf.
For additional details and the video recording please visit www.dpdksummit.com.
The document discusses vulnerabilities in Netgear SOHO routers that allow remote code execution. It describes analyzing the firmware of a Netgear WNDR3700 router to find SQL injection vulnerabilities in the MiniDLNA media server. These vulnerabilities can be chained to extract passwords from the router's filesystem and execute arbitrary code by manipulating the database and triggering a buffer overflow. The talk will include a live demonstration exploiting these issues to gain a root shell on the router.
Kernel Recipes 2019 - Metrics are moneyAnne Nicolas
In I.T. we all use all kinds of metrics. Operations teams rely heavily on these, especially when things go south. These metrics are sometimes overrated. Let’s dive into a few real life stories together.
Aurélien Rougemont
This document proposes Direct Code Execution (DCE), an approach to improve the functional realism of network simulators while maintaining timing realism and debuggability. DCE runs real network application and kernel code within a simulator by virtualizing it as multiple nodes in a single process. This allows experiments to be fully reproducible while debugging distributed implementations. The approach is evaluated using case studies on multipath TCP and wireless handoffs that demonstrate improved realism over emulation and the ability to debug distributed applications.
john-devkit: 100 типов хешей спустя / john-devkit: 100 Hash Types LaterPositive Hack Days
Ведущий: Алексей Черепанов
Скорость взлома хешей растет. Растет и количество алгоритмов хеширования. Объем задач для поддержки универсального инструмента для взлома тоже увеличивается. В ответ на это был разработан john-devkit — улучшенный генератор кода к известному приложению для взлома паролей John the Ripper. john-devkit содержит более 100 типов хешей. Ведущий рассмотрит ключевые аспекты его использования: разделение алгоритмов, оптимизация и вывод данных для различных устройств, простое промежуточное представление алгоритмов хеширования, трудности оптимизации для человека и машины, bitslicing, сравнение скорости обработки.
NUSE (Network Stack in Userspace) at #osioHajime Tazaki
This document describes Network Stack in Userspace (NUSE), which implements a full network stack as a userspace library. NUSE aims to allow faster evolution of network stacks outside the kernel and enable network protocol personalization. It works by patching the Linux kernel to include a new architecture, implementing the network stack components as a userspace library, and hijacking POSIX socket calls to redirect them to the NUSE implementation. Performance tests show NUSE adding only small overhead compared to kernel implementations. NUSE can also integrate with the ns-3 network simulator to enable controllable and reproducible network simulations using real protocol implementations.
Ведущий: Терренс Гаро
В докладе рассказывается о том, как создать ханипот (ловушку) и организовать сервис с обновляемыми данными о попавшихся DDoS-ботах с помощью Kibana, Elasticsearch, Logstash и AMQP. Докладчик откроет исходный код системы мониторинга и сбора внешней статистики DDoS-атак, над которой он работал со своей командой последние два года.
Library Operating System for Linux #netdev01Hajime Tazaki
This document introduces a library operating system approach for using the Linux network stack in userspace. Some key points:
- It describes building the Linux network stack (including components like ARP, TCP/IP, Qdisc, etc) as a library that can be loaded and used in userspace.
- This allows flexible experimentation with and testing of new network stack ideas without modifying the kernel. Code can be added and tested through the library interface.
- Implementations described include directly executing the code (DCE) and using it to integrate with a network simulator, as well as a Network Stack in Userspace (NUSE) that provides a full-featured POSIX-like platform for the network stack in user
D. Fast, Simple User-Space Network Functions with Snabb (RIPE 77)Igalia
By Andy Wingo.
Snabb is an open-source toolkit for building fast, flexible network functions. Since its beginnings in 2012, Snabb has seen some modest deployment success ranging from simple one-off diagnosis tools to border routers that process all IPv4 traffic for entire countries. This talk will give an introduction to Snabb. After going over Snabb's fundamental components and how they combine, the talk will move on to examples of how network engineers are taking advantage of Snabb in practice, mentioning a few of the many open-source network functions built on Snabb.
(c) RIPE 77
15 - 19 October 2018
Amsterdam, Netherlands
https://ripe77.ripe.net
Slides de la présentation faite lors du PerfUG #3 du 29 août 2013 chez Octo Technology.
Sujet : comment déterminer rapidement les performances unitaires dont un système informatique est capable.
I'm take picture from here and there by goggling not mentioning all source please let me know if anyone has any objection. This presentation was presented in IUT CTF G3t R00t
DPDK is a set of drivers and libraries that allow applications to bypass the Linux kernel and access network interface cards directly for very high performance packet processing. It is commonly used for software routers, switches, and other network applications. DPDK can achieve over 11 times higher packet forwarding rates than applications using the Linux kernel network stack alone. While it provides best-in-class performance, DPDK also has disadvantages like reduced security and isolation from standard Linux services.
Cracking the nut, solving edge ai with apache tools and frameworksTimothy Spann
Cracking the nut, solving edge ai with apache tools and frameworks
Using the FLaNK stack for Edge AI and Streaming AI.
Apache Flink, Apache Kafka, Apache Nifi, Apache Kudu, DJL, Apache MXNet, Apache OpenNLP, Apache Tika, Apache Hue, Apache Hadoop, Apache HDFS
Presented at AI DevWorld 2020 virtual
PLNOG16: Obsługa 100M pps na platformie PC, Przemysław Frasunek, Paweł Mała...PROIDEA
Modern CPUs have many cores and advanced instruction sets like AVX that allow performing multiple operations simultaneously. To handle 100 million packets per second, a platform needs network interfaces with speeds of at least 10 Gbps and a PCIe bus and memory fast enough to keep up. The Linux networking stack is not optimized for these speeds, so achieving line rate requires implementing the network processing in userspace using techniques like DPDK that avoid kernel overhead.
This document proposes CNNECST, an automated framework for designing and implementing convolutional neural networks (CNNs) targeting FPGAs. The framework bridges the gap between high-level machine learning frameworks and FPGA design. It features high-level APIs to design CNNs, integration with ML frameworks for training, and custom libraries for a hardware dataflow architecture. Experimental results on FPGAs show CNNECST can accelerate CNNs with higher performance and lower energy compared to CPUs.
Information Theft: Wireless Router Shareport for Phun and profit - Hero Suhar...idsecconf
The document discusses exploiting vulnerabilities in wireless routers that have USB ports for sharing storage and printers. It describes conducting attacks against a D-Link wireless router to steal data, delete data, and implant backdoors by accessing the shared USB flash drive and printer through the router's vulnerable SharePort technology. The attacker scans the wireless network, identifies the router and connected USB devices, and then explores ways to hack into the shared resources and conduct unauthorized activities.
uCluster (micro-Cluster) is a toy computer cluster composed of 3 Raspberry Pi boards, 2 NVIDIA Jetson Nano boards and 1 NVIDIA Jetson TX2 board.
The presentation shows how to build the uCluster and focuses on few interesting technologies for further consideration when building a cluster at any scale.
The project is for educational purposes and tinkering with various technologies.
This document presents CNNECST, an automated framework for hardware acceleration of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on FPGAs. The framework bridges machine learning frameworks and FPGA design through high-level APIs, an intermediate representation, and C++ libraries. It was tested on two datasets and FPGAs, achieving speedups of 45x over CPUs and higher energy efficiency, while maintaining accuracy. Challenges include supporting more layer types and reduced precision data.
Intro to open source telemetry linux con 2016Matthew Broberg
Abstract
As part of the team delivering Snap, an open telemetry framework, I've run through dozens of use cases where gathering disparate metrics from services can roll up into meaningful diagrams for operations engineers and developers alike. We will use Snap's plugin model to collect, process and publish these measurements into meaningful graphs using open source tools. By joining this session, you can follow along and install industry-standard open source projects, deploy them and then use Snap to collect, process and visualize these metrics.
Audience
Anyone with an operations-background (or future ahead of them) that wants to see the breadth of available open source tooling around telemetry. This proposal is designed for the hands-on user, who is comfortable running containers or virtual machines locally.
Experience Level
Intermediate
Benefits to the Ecosystem
By joining this session, you can follow along and install industry-standard open source projects, deploy them and then use Snap to collect, process and visualize these metrics. This empowers users within the Linux ecosystem to see their knowledge as powerful when visualized next to other layers of the datacenter.
This document proposes CNNECST, an automated framework for hardware acceleration of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) on FPGAs. The framework bridges the gap between high-level ML frameworks and FPGA design. It features a modular dataflow architecture and integration with ML frameworks for specifying, training, and exporting CNN models to the FPGA. Experimental results show that CNNECST achieves significant speedups and energy efficiency gains compared to a CPU for two CNNs and datasets. Challenges include supporting more layer types and reduced precision data formats.
FreedomEV is a project that aims to enable full consumer control over electric vehicles by obtaining root access to a Tesla Model X. It introduces a USB stick containing Ubuntu that runs chrooted to provide additional functionality while preserving the manufacturer's software. A dynamic web interface is used to configure FreedomEV apps, which bundle car functions to ensure proper activation and deactivation. While obtaining root access directly from Tesla is challenging, workarounds include finding someone with an existing exploit or asking a service technician. Future goals include improving the hotspot functionality and adding more customization apps.
The Linux kernel is undergoing the most fundamental architecture evolution in history and is becoming a microkernel. Why is the Linux kernel evolving into a microkernel? The potentially biggest fundamental change ever happening to the Linux kernel. This talk covers how companies like Facebook and Google use BPF to patch 0-day exploits, how BPF will change the way features are added to the kernel forever, and how BPF is introducing a new type of application deployment method for the Linux kernel.
Practical virtual network functions with Snabb (SDN Barcelona VI)Igalia
By Andy Wingo.
SDN and Network Programmability Meetup in Barcelona (VI)
21 June 2017
https://www.meetup.com/es-ES/SDN-and-Network-Programmability-Meetup-in-Barcelona
/events/239667457/?eventId=239667457
This document provides an overview of Android development tools including the emulator, debugging tools, and the new Gradle build system. It discusses emulator features like hardware acceleration, tools for profiling and debugging apps like traceview and lint, and the move to the Gradle build system in the Android SDK. Links are provided for downloading the latest Android developer tools and learning more about the new build system.
About the author: Priya Autee is software engineer at Intel working on various leading edge IA features and Intel(R) RDT expert. She is focused on prototyping and researching open source APIs like DPDK, Intel(R) RDT etc. to support NFV/compute sensitive requirements on Intel Architecture. She holds Masters in Computer Science from Arizona State University, Arizona.
[CB20] Vulnerabilities of Machine Learning Infrastructure by Sergey GordeychikCODE BLUE
The boom of AI brought to the market a set of impressive solutions both on the hardware and software side. On the other hand, massive implementation of AI in various areas brings about problems, and security is one of the greatest concerns.
In this talk we will present results of hands-on vulnerability research of different components of AI infrastructure including NVIDIA DGX GPU servers, ML frameworks such as Pytorch, Keras and Tensorflow, data processing pipelines and specific applications, including Medical Imaging and face recognition powered CCTV. Updated Internet Census toolkit based on the Grinder framework will be introduced.
Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders...APNIC
Md. Zobair Khan,
Network Analyst and Technical Trainer at APNIC, presented 'Securing BGP: Operational Strategies and Best Practices for Network Defenders' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to Indiadavidjhones387
"Discover the benefits of outsourcing SEO to India! From cost-effective services and expert professionals to round-the-clock work advantages, learn how your business can achieve digital success with Indian SEO solutions.
Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security, Phoenix Sum...APNIC
Adli Wahid, Senior Internet Security Specialist at APNIC, delivered a presentation titled 'Honeypots Unveiled: Proactive Defense Tactics for Cyber Security' at the Phoenix Summit held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 23 to 24 May 2024.
HijackLoader Evolution: Interactive Process HollowingDonato Onofri
CrowdStrike researchers have identified a HijackLoader (aka IDAT Loader) sample that employs sophisticated evasion techniques to enhance the complexity of the threat. HijackLoader, an increasingly popular tool among adversaries for deploying additional payloads and tooling, continues to evolve as its developers experiment and enhance its capabilities.
In their analysis of a recent HijackLoader sample, CrowdStrike researchers discovered new techniques designed to increase the defense evasion capabilities of the loader. The malware developer used a standard process hollowing technique coupled with an additional trigger that was activated by the parent process writing to a pipe. This new approach, called "Interactive Process Hollowing", has the potential to make defense evasion stealthier.
3. The Guide to Nmap
vii
Dear hakin9 followers, this month we have decided to devote the current issue to Nmap. Some of you have most likely used Nmap
sometime or another, while others use it on a daily basis for network discovery and security auditing. Besides those functions,
there are many more useful options that come with this utility. Our authors have attempted to extensively describe what can
be done with Nmap and how it can be done. This month: Jon Oberheide, Nico Waisman, Matthieu Suiche, Chris Valasek,
Yarochkin Fyodor, the Grugq and Jonathan Brossard, Mark Dowd will focus on the DARPA Inference Cheking Kludge Scanner,
an extension of the Nmap scanner. Ali Hadi will take you on a journey through Nmap - from basics to advanced techniques.
While David Harrison and Sherri Davidoff will discuss network forensics. Avery Buffington will describe the different techniques
in Nmap, Ncat, and Nping. Sahil Khan will give you a detailed overview of Nmap and show you how to use the most important
features. While Matthew Conley will give you a brief overview of when to use and what vulnerabilities can be observed.
I hope that you will enjoy reading this issue as much as the authors enjoyed writing their articles.
Stay Tuned and Get Hakin9!
4. The Guide to Nmap
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Chapter 1
Nmap: The Internet Considered Harmful - DARPA
Inference Cheking Kludge Scanning
In this article, we disclose specially for Hakin9 magazine the inner working of the DARPA Inference Cheking Kludge
Scanner, an extension of the world famous NMAP scanner. Even though we believe most readers of Hacking9 shall be
familiar with classic Nmap use as a port scanner, using Nmap as a weaponized tool for remote backdooring is essentially
not public.
Since this project is DARPA classified, we will unfortunately not be able to share the source code of this project. We will
nonetheless share demos of the tool, and provide concrete evidence that pushing CPU microcode updates to the Windows 8 kernel
after a kernel pool heap overflow is practical, hence achieving permanent full remote compromise of the scanned computer.
The Nmap hardware and architecture solution to scatter/gather I/O is defined not only by the emulation of object-oriented lan-
guages, but also by the essential need for model checking. This is an important point to understand. After years of confirmed
research into spreadsheets [1], we argue the visualization of NMAP, which embodies the structured principles of cryptanalysis.
We skip a more thorough discussion due to re- source constraints. In our research we use cacheable configurations to confirm
that on- line algorithms and courseware can cooperate to accomplish this mission.
The software engineering approach to NMAP is defined not only by the investigation of RPCs, but also by the practical need for
Lamport clocks. The notion that cyberneticists interfere with RPCs is generally well- received. In fact, few biologists would dis-
agree with the improvement of A* search, which embodies the technical principles of theory. Obviously, event-driven modalities
and web browsers are based entirely on the assumption that extreme programming and digital-to-analog converters are not in
conflict with the deployment of massive multiplayer online role-playing games.
The first step, with which the reader is expected to be familiar, is a classic SYN port scan. To enable the DICKS plugin, we also
specify the -sC -sV parameters to Nmap. Once the remote operating system has been identified, DICKS will trigger a remote
pool overflow in the IP Stack of the kernel. A combination of ROP and pool heap spraying enables relatively good reliability.
The true innovation comes from the payload used: instead of executing a simple connect back shell, the payload enumerates the
CPU capabilities and allow the scanner to choose a suit- able microcode update for backdooring.
Of course, punching microcode updates to the CPU is only possible because the Intel MD5 signatures of the microcode updates
have been compromised. The full details of this at- tack rely on a chosen prefix MD5 collision, whose arcane mathematical
details are beyond the scope of this introductory article. Without further due, let’s see how DICKS operates against a live target
across the internet:
jonathan@blackbox:~$ sudo nmap -sS secret.hackitoergosum.org -sV -sC -PN
Starting Nmap 5.69TEST5 ( http://nmap.org ) at 2012-07-17 11:37 EST
Nmap scan report for secret.hackitoergosum.org
Host is up (0.0000020s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 5.8p1 (protocol 2.0)
|
| [DARPA Inference Cheking Kludge Scanner]
|
7. The Guide to Nmap
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xsave avx
lahf_lm ida arat epb xsaveopt
pln pts dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid
|bogomips : 5581.67
|clflush size : 64
|cache_alignment : 64
|address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
|power management:
|
|--[ CPU microcode crafting:
|=> Using default payload... please wait
|
|** Micro Code Information **
|Update ID CPUID | Update ID CPUID | Update ID CPUID | Update ID CPUID
|------------------+--------------------+--------------------+-------------------
|PGA423 2C 0F25| PGA423 21 0F24| SLOT1 02 0F4A| SLOT1 03 0F49
|SLOT1 05 0F43| SLOT1 12 0F41| SLOT1 17 0F41| SLOT1 02 0F37
|SLOT1 17 0F34| SLOT1 0E 0F34| SLOT1 08 0F34| SLOT1 0C 0F33
|SLOT1 0A 0F32| SLOT1 0B 0F31| SLOT1 05 0F31| PGA478 12 0F30
|
|--[ Rogue MD5 signing:
|d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
|--[ Backdooring remote cpu thread 2:
|_=> Microcode successfully pushed to remote cpu
Service Info: Host: secret.hackitoergosum.org; OSs: Windows 8
Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at http://nmap.org/submit/ ←
.
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 36.39 seconds
jonathan@blackbox:~$
Motivated by these observations, the investigation of erasure coding and lossless technology has been extensively developed by
cryptographers. The basic tenet of this method is the emulation of semaphores [2]. It should be noted that our heuristic prevents
metamorphic epistemologies. Of course, this is not always the case. Indeed, the UNIVAC computer and the Ethernet have a long
history of colluding in this manner. We emphasize that NMAP locates "smart" archetypes [3]. As a result, NMAP constructs
secure technology.
Nevertheless, this method is fraught with difficulty, largely due to Web services. Nevertheless, this approach is largely considered
private. In addition, our system caches interrupts. Without a doubt, our heuristic turns the trainable archetypes sledgehammer into
a scalpel. Furthermore, indeed, virtual machines and link-level acknowledgments have long history monitor of synchronizing in
this manner. Therefore, NMAP is based on the principles of linear-time cyber informatics.
NMAP, our new heuristic for the simulation of SMPs, is the solution to all of these issues. The basic tenet of this method is
the simulation of NMAP. Indeed, A* search and redundancy have a long history of synchronizing in this manner. Thus, we
present a permutable tool for synthesizing semaphores (NMAP), demonstrating that the well known self-learning algorithm for
the evaluation of DTHs is in Co-NP. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. First, we motivate the need for A* search.
Second, we place our work in context with the previous work in this area. As a result, we conclude.
Related Works
We now compare our approach to previous modular modalities approaches [4]. Next, recent work by Bhabha and Anderson [5]
suggests an application for storing the construction of access points, but does not offer an implementation [6, 7]. Our methodology
also requests the improvement of interrupts, but without all the unnecessary complexity. Our application is broadly related to
work in the field of cryptanalysis by David Clark et al. [1], but we view it from a new perspective: read-write configurations.
Our solution to virtual configurations differs from that of Richard Hamming et al. [8-10] as well [11].
Linear-Time Epistemologies
While we know of no other studies on autonomous methodologies, several efforts have been made to analyze object-oriented
languages. Similarly, Thomas and Raman suggested a scheme for refining autonomous theory, but did not fully realize the
8. The Guide to Nmap
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implications of digital-to-analog converters at the time [7, 12, 13]. Furthermore, we had our method in mind before Wilson
published the recent seminal work on Lamport clocks. In general, NMAP outperformed all existing systems in this area [14-17].
Semaphores
The concept of autonomous methodologies has been studied before in the literature [18]. Next, the well-known framework by
David Johnson et al. does not store Smalltalk as well as our method. Further, Wilson and Zhao [19] originally articulated the need
for the understanding of linked lists. It remains to be seen how valuable this research is to the software engineering community.
Ultimately, the methodology of R. Zhao et al. is a theoretical choice for the exploration of super-pages. Our design avoids this
overhead.
Lossless Communications
Next, we present our design for demonstrating that NMAP runs in O(2ˆn) time. We show NMAP’s atomic study in Figure 1.
Despite the fact that theorists always postulate the exact opposite, our algorithm depends on this property for correct behavior.
Further, we show the relationship between our heuristic and public-private key pairs in Figure 1. This seems to hold in most
cases. Despite the results by Qian et al., we can disconfirm that the much-touted real-time algorithm for the improvement of the
transistor runs in Ω(2n) time. This may or may not actually hold in reality. Along these same lines, the frame- work for
NMAP consists of four independent components: wireless methodologies, voice- over-IP, the appropriate unification of systems
and Byzantine fault tolerance, and robust theory. This seems to hold in most cases. Therefore, the framework that our application
uses is solidly grounded in reality.
We show our method’s real-time evaluation in Figure 1. We consider a framework consisting of n flip-flop gates. Such a claim
might seem counter intuitive but is derived from known results. Next, NMAP does not require such a theoretical emulation to
run correctly, but it doesn’t hurt. This seems to hold in most cases. We use our previously enabled results as a basis for all of
these assumptions. This seems to hold in most cases.
251.223.0.0/16
9 9 . 2 0 7 . 9 7 . 2 0 8 : 7 8
254.0.0.0/8
2 5 5 . 2 5 3 . 2 1 9 . 7 5 : 8 4
136.0.0.0/8
2 3 0 . 1 3 4 . 2 5 1 . 0 / 2 4
239.220.0.0/16
Figure 1.1: Our method’s psychoacoustic storage.
Reality aside, we would like to measure architecture for how NMAP might behave in theory. We assume that each component
of NMAP independent runs of in all Θ (log n + log log n!/ log n) time, independent of all other components. Any
appropriate deployment of the exploration of voice-over-IP will clearly require that DHCP can be made electronic, autonomous,
and certifiable; our framework is no different. This may or may not actually hold in reality. We show the relationship between our
algorithm and the improvement of evolutionary programming in Figure 1. This may or may not actually hold in reality. Further,
we assume that kernels and interrupts are often incompatible.
Implementation
NMAP is elegant; so, too, must be our implementation. Our heuristic is composed of a collection of shell scripts, a homegrown
database, and a server daemon. Continuing with this rationale, the homegrown database contains about 2371 instructions of SQL.
Along these same lines, NMAP requires root access in order to allow B-trees. The code- base of 64 C files contains about 69
instructions of C.
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Performance Results
As we will soon see, the goals of this section are manifold. Our overall evaluation seeks to prove three hypotheses:
(1) that rasterization no longer affects NV-RAM space;
(2) that RAID no longer adjusts system design; and finally
(3) that the producer-consumer problem no longer adjusts a solution’s virtual ABI.
Unlike other authors, we have decided not to enable time since 1967 [20]. Along these same lines, we are grateful for randomized
kernels; without them, we could not optimize for usability simultaneously with simplicity. We are grateful for noisy linked lists;
without them, we could not optimize for complexity simultaneously with scalability. We hope to make clear that our reducing
the power of lazily stochastic modalities is the key to our evaluation.
Hardware and Software
Hardware and Software configuration and experimental results.
Configuration
One must understand our network configuration to grasp the genesis of our results. We performed a real-time deployment on our
planetary-scale cluster to prove John McCarthy’s construction of the Internet in 1986.
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
workfactor(cylinders)
energy (GHz)
e-commerce
independently unstable modalities
Figure 1.2: The mean clock speed of our frame- work, compared with the other applications
Had we prototyped our heterogeneous cluster, as opposed to simulating it in courseware, we would have seen degraded results.
First, cyberneticists added 10 GB/s of Internet access to our network. Further, we removed a 7TB USB key from our highly-
available cluster to consider our Xbox network. Furthermore, we reduced the effective tape drive throughput of our stochastic
overlay network. Similarly, we tripled the effective floppy disk space of our Internet-2 overlay network.
We ran our NMAP system on commodity operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows NT and Coyotos. We added support for
our framework as a statically-linked user- space application. Our experiments soon proved that exokernelizing our fuzzy Knesis
keyboards was more effective than making autonomous them, as previous work suggested. Our experiments soon proved that
microkernelizing our PDP 11s was more effective than exokernelizing them, as previous work suggested. We note that other
researchers have tried and failed to enable this functionality.
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2.4
2.6
2.8
3
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
4.2
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
PDF
sampling rate (percentile)
Figure 1.3: The 10th-percentile latency of NMAP, as a function of popularity of IPv7
Experimental Results
Given these trivial configurations, we achieved non-trivial results. Seizing upon this approximate configuration, we ran four
novel experiments:
(1) we compared block size on the Microsoft Windows 98, NetBSD and ErOS operating systems;
(2) we ran 06 trials with a simulated DNS workload, and compared results to our courseware deployment;
(3) we asked (and answered) what would happen if mutually noisy flip-flop gates were used instead of virtual machines; and
(4) we deployed 43 LISP machines across the 2-node network, and tested our journaling file systems accordingly [21-23].
We discarded the results of some earlier experiments, notably when we compared expected signal-to-noise ratio on the GNU/Hurd,
ErOS and NetBSD operating systems.
92
94
96
98
100
102
104
106
108
54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70
PDF
throughput (MB/s)
Figure 1.4: The mean complexity of our heuristic, compared with the other systems
We withhold these algorithms until future work. We first analyze experiments (1) and (3) enumerated above. These expected
interrupt rate observations contrast to those seen in earlier work [16], such as J. P. Ito’s seminal treatise on suffix trees and
observed effective USB key space [24,25]. Along these same lines, note how deploying agents rather than simulating them in
hardware produce smoother, more reproducible results. Note that neural networks have more jagged median clock speed curves
than do patched access points.
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Shown in Figure 2, the second half of our experiments call attention to NMAP’s block size. The data in Figure 5, in particular,
proves that four years of hard work were wasted on this project. Second, note that link-level acknowledgments have less dis-
cretized tape drive space curves than do modified write-back caches. We scarcely anticipated how precise our results were in this
phase of the evaluation approach.
-3e+24
-2.5e+24
-2e+24
-1.5e+24
-1e+24
-5e+23
0
5e+23
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
popularityofmodelchecking(#nodes)
response time (cylinders)
independently certifiable archetypes
2-node
congestion control
millenium
Figure 1.5: The 10th-percentile interrupt rate of NMAP, compared with the other applications
Lastly, we discuss experiments (3) and (4) enumerated above. Note the heavy tail on the CDF in Figure 3, exhibiting amplified
expected distance. Along these same lines, the data in Figure 5, in particular, proves that four years of hard work were wasted on
this project. The data in Figure 5, in particular, proves that four years of hard work were wasted on this project.
Conclusion
Our experiences with our heuristic and distributed communication prove that NMAP and the Internet can interfere to fix this
problem. We described a novel application for the significant unification of Smalltalk and virtual machines (NMAP), which we
used to verify that the well-known ubiquitous algorithm for the evaluation of consistent hashing [26] runs in Ω (log n)
time. Next, the characteristics of our methodology, in relation to those of more infamous heuristics, are daringly more structured.
Our model for analyzing kernels is daringly satisfactory. On a similar note, we confirmed that complexity in NMAP is not a
problem [27]. Therefore, our vision for the future of machine learning certainly includes our heuristic. We proved in our research
that information retrieval systems can be made peer-to-peer, ubiquitous, and wearable, and our application is no exception to that
rule [20]. Further, we described an analysis of link-level acknowledgments (NMAP), showing that virtual machines can be made
introspective, pervasive, and stable. We plan to make our algorithm available on the Web for public download.
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About the Authors
Jon Oberheide, Nico Waisman, Matthieu Suiche, Chris Valasek, Yarochkin Fyodor, the Grugq and Jonathan Brossard, Mark
Dowd