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NISO ResourceSync Training Session

This document summarizes a webinar on ResourceSync, a framework for synchronizing web resources between systems. It provides an overview of the webinar agenda, which includes explaining the problem perspective and conceptual approach of ResourceSync, reviewing motivation and use cases, walking through the framework, and discussing technical details and implementation. The webinar presenters then take questions from the audience.

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NISO Training http://www.niso.org/workrooms/onixpl-encoding/ NISO Training ResourceSync: A Web-Based Resource Synchronization Framework December 3, 2013 Speakers: Bernhard Haslhofer - Postdoc Research Associate Department of Computer Science, University of Vienna Simeon Warner - Information Science, Cornell University
ResourceSync: A Web-Based Resource Synchronization Framework #resourcesync ResourceSync is funded by The Sloan Foundation & JISC ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 2
This is a short version of the complete ResourceSync tutorial, which is available at http://www.slideshare.net/OpenArchivesInitiative/resourcesync-tutorial ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 3
ResourceSync Tutorial History • OAI8, June 2013 – Open Repositories, July 2013 – JCDL, July 2013 – TPDL 2013, September 2013 –LITA Forum, November 2013, SWIB November 2013, … Presenters Simeon Warner Cornell University Bernhard Haslhofer University of Vienna ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 4
ResourceSync Tutorial Contributors Martin Klein Herbert Van de Sompel Robert Sanderson Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory <martinklein0815@gmail.com> <hvdsomp@gmail.com> <azaroth24@gmail.com> @mart1nkle1n @hvdsomp @azaroth24 Simeon Warner Cornell University <simeon.warner@cornell.edu> @zimeon Michael L. Nelson Old Dominion University <mln@cs.odu.edu> @phonedude_mln Richard Jones Cottage Labs <richard@cottagelabs.com> @cottagelabs ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 5
OAI Herbert Van de Sompel Martin Klein Robert Sanderson (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Simeon Warner (Cornell University) NISO Todd Carpenter Nettie Lagace University of Oxford Graham Klyne Bernhard Haslhofer (University of Vienna) Michael L. Nelson (Old Dominion University) Lyrasis Peter Murray Carl Lagoze (University of Michigan) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 6
ResourceSync Technical Group LOCKSS Ex Libris Inc. Shlomo Sanders David Rosenthal JISC Richard Jones Paul Walk Stuart Lewis RedHat OCLC Christian Sadilek Library of Congress Jeff Young Kevin Ford ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 7
Timeline, Status of Specification(s) • August 2013 o o Release of ResourceSync framework Core specification - Version 0.9.1 Public draft of ResourceSync Archives specification released • September 2013 o Core specification on its way to become an ANSI standard • November 2013 o Internal draft of ResourceSync Notification specification • January 2014 o Public draft of ResourceSync Notification specification • Mid 2014 o Core specification becomes ANSI/NISO standard ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 8
Pointers • Specification http://www.openarchives.org/rs/ http://www.openarchives.org/rs/resourcesync http://www.openarchives.org/rs/archives • List for public comment https://groups.google.com/d/forum/resourcesync • Client and simulator code http://github.org/resync/resync http://github.org/resync/simulator ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 9
ResourceSync - Agenda 1. ResourceSync: Problem Perspective & Conceptual Approach 2. Motivation & Use Cases 3. Framework Walkthrough 4. Framework (Technical) Details 5. Implementation 6. Q&A ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 10
ResourceSync - Agenda 1. ResourceSync: Problem Perspective & Conceptual Approach ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 11
Synchronize What? • Web resources o things with a URI that can be dereferenced • Focus on needs of research communication and cultural heritage organizations o but aim for generality ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 12
Synchronize What? • Small websites/repositories (a few resources) to large repositories/datasets/linked data collections (many millions of resources) sync sync ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 13
Synchronize What? • Low change frequency (weeks/months) to high change frequency (seconds) • Synchronization latency and accuracy needs may vary sync sync sync ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 14
Why? … because lots of projects and services are doing synchronization but have to resort to ad-hoc, case by case, approaches! • Project team involved with projects that need this • Experience with OAI-PMH: widely used in repos but o XML metadata only o Attempts at synchronizing actual content via OAI-PMH (complex object formats, dc:identifier) not successful. o Web technology has moved on since 1999 • Devise a shared solution for data, metadata, linked data? ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 15
ResourceSync Problem • Consideration: • Source (server) A has resources that change over time: they get created, modified, deleted • Destination (servers) X, Y, and Z leverage (some) resources of Source A. • Problem: • Destinations want to keep in step with the resource changes at Source A: resource synchronization. • Goal: • Design an approach for resource synchronization aligned with the Web Architecture that has a fair chance of adoption by different communities. • The approach must scale better than recurrent HTTP HEAD/GET on resources. ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 16
Source: Core Synchronization Capabilities P U L L 1. Describing content – publish a list of resources available for synchronization to enable Destinations to perform an initial load or catch-up with a Source 2. Packaging content – bundle resources to enable bulk download by destinations 3. Describing changes – publish a list of resource changes to enable destinations to stay synchronized and decrease latency 4. Packaging changes – bundle resource changes for bulk download by destinations ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 17
Source: Notifications Capabilities To reduce synchronization latency and to optimize the synchronization process the Source can support: P • U S • H 1. Change Notification • Notifies about changes to particular resources • e.g., resource A has been updated | created | deleted 2. Framework Notification • Notifies about changes to capabilities i.e., their documents • e.g., a Change List has been updated | created | deleted ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 18
Source: Synchronization Features 1. Discovery of capabilities – support Destinations in discovering all offered capabilities o Applies to PULL, PUSH, capabilities 1. Linking to related resources – provide links from resources subject to synchronization to related resources o Applies to PULL, PUSH capabilities ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 19
Destination: Synchronization Needs 1. Baseline synchronization – A destination must be able to perform an initial load or catch-up with a source - avoid out-of-band setup 2. Incremental synchronization – A destination must have some way to keep up-to-date with changes at a source - subject to some latency; minimal: create/update/delete - allow to catch-up after destination has been offline 3. Audit – A destination should be able to determine whether it is synchronized with a source - regarding coverage and accuracy ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 20
ResourceSync - Agenda 2. Motivation & Use Cases ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 21
Use Case 1: arXiv Mirroring and Data Sharing • Repository of scholarly articles in physics, mathematics, computer science, etc. • > 850k articles • approx. 1.5 revisions per article on average • approx. 75k new articles per year • Each article has full-text and separate metadata record • approx. 3.8M resources ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 22
Use Case 1: arXiv Mirroring and Data Sharing • 2,700 updates daily o at 8pm EST o Currently using homebrew mirroring solution (running with minor modifications since 1994!) o occasional rsync (file systemspecific, auth issues) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 23
Use Case 1: arXiv Mirroring / Data Sharing • GOAL: Keep mirror sites synchronized with daily changes • WANT: o o o o o o high consistency moderate latency robustness to global network outages (low admin effort) ability to verify sync status in case of questions low admin effort (i.e. standard approach, standard tools) reasonable consistency, latency, efficiency ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 24
Use Case 2: DBpedia Live Duplication • Average of 2 updates per second • Low latency desirable => need for a push technology ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 25
ResourceSync - Agenda 3. Framework Walkthrough ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 26
Source Capability 1: Describing Content In order to advertise the resources that a source wants destinations to know about, it may describe them: o o Publish a Resource List, a list of resource URIs and possibly associated metadata - Destination GETs the Resource List - Destination GETs listed resources by their URI A Resource List describes the state of a set of resources at one point in time (snapshot) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 27
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Source Capability 2: Packaging Content By default, content is transferred in response to a GET issued by a destination against a URI of a source’s resource. But a source may support additional mechanisms: o o Publish a Resource Dump, a document that points to packages of resource representations and necessary metadata - Destination GETs the package - Destination unpacks the package - ZIP format supported A Resource Dump and the packages it points to reflect the state of a set of resources at one point in time (snapshot) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 30
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Source Capability 3: Describing Changes In order to achieve lower latency and/or greater efficiency, a source may communicate about changes to its resources: o o Publish a Change List, a list of recent change events (created, updated, deleted resource) - Destination acts upon change events, e.g. GETs created/updated resources, removes deleted resources. A Change List pertains to resources that changed in a temporal interval with a start- and an end-date - If a resource changed more than once, it will be listed more than once ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 33
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Source Capability 4: Packaging Changes In order to reduce the number of requests to obtain resource changes, a source may provide packaged bitstreams for changed resources: o o Publish a Change Dump, a document that points to packages containing bitstreams of recently changed resource and necessary metadata - Destination GETs the package - Destination unpacks the package - ZIP format supported A Change Dump and its packages pertain to resources that changed in a temporal interval with a start- and an end-date - If a resource changed more than once, it will be included more than once ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 37
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Destination: Key Processes ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 39
ResourceSync - Agenda 4. Framework (Technical) Details ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 40
So Many Choices Push DSNotify OAI-PMH rsync Crawl Pull OAI-ORE RDFsync WebDAV Col. Syn. XMPP Atom SWORD Sitemap SPARQLpush SDShare AtomPub RSS PubSubHubbub XMPP ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 41
So Many Choices Push DSNotify OAI-PMH rsync Crawl Pull OAI-ORE RDFsync WebDAV Col. Syn. XMPP Atom SWORD Sitemap SPARQLpush SDShare AtomPub RSS PubSubHubbub XMPP ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 42
ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 43
Sitemap Format <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9”> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res2</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T14:00:00Z</lastmod> </url> … </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 44
ResourceSync Sitemap Extensions <urlset xmlns=http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9 xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/”> <rs:ln …/> <rs:md …/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:ln …/> <rs:md …/> </url> <url> … </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 45
Related Resource Metadata Summary • Attributes of the <rs:ln> element; c.f. resource metadata + pri Element/Attribute Description Defined by <rs:ln> ResourceSync encoding HTTP Content-Encoding header value RFC2616 hash One or more content digests (md5, sha-1, sha-256) Atom Link Ext. href Related resource URI (identity) RFC4287 length HTTP Content-Length header value RFC4287 modified Timestamp of last change (c.f. <lastmod>) Atom Link Ext. path Path in ZIP package (Dump Manifests only) ResourceSync pri Priority of link RFC6249 rel Relation - IANA registered or URI RFC4287 type HTTP Content-Type header value RFC4287 ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
Resource Metadata Summary Element/Attribute <loc> <lastmod> Description Resource URI (identity) Timestamp of last change Defined by sitemaps sitemaps <changefreq> Expected update frequency sitemaps <rs:md> change encoding hash length path type ResourceSync Change type (Change List & Change Dump Manifest only) ResourceSync HTTP Content-Encoding header value RFC2616 One or more content digests (md5, sha-1, Atom Link Ext. sha-256) HTTP Content-Length header value RFC4287 Path in ZIP package (Dump Manifests only) HTTP Content-Type header value ResourceSync RFC4287 ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
Link Relation Summary Relation Use in ResourceSync Defined in rel="alternate" Link from generic to specific URI HTML 5 rel="canonical" Link from specific to generic URI RFC6596 rel="collection" Resource is member of collection RFC6573 rel="contents" Link from dump to manifest rel="describedby" Has metadata HTML4 Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Description Resources rel="describes" Is metadata for The 'describes' Link Relation Type rel="duplicate" RFC6249 rel=".../rs/terms/patch" Mirror or alternative copy A patch -- efficient change information rel="memento" Link to time-specific URI Memento Internet Draft rel="timegate" Link to timegate Memento Internet Draft rel="via" Provenance chain, came from RFC4287 This specification ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
Resource List <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:md capability="resourcelist" at="2013-01-03T09:00:00Z” completed="2013-01-03T09:01:00Z” /> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md hash="md5:1584abdf8ebdc9802ac0c6a7402c03b6" length="8876" type="text/html"/> </url> <url> … </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 49
Resource List • Describe Source’s resources that are subject to synchronization • At one point in time (snapshot) • Creation can take some time – duration can be conveyed • Typical Destination use: Baseline Synchronization, Audit • Each URI typically listed only once • Might be expensive to generate • Destinations use @at to determine freshness • [@at, @completed] – interval of uncertainty • Destination issues GETs against URIs to obtain resources • Very similar to current Sitemaps ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 50
Resource Dump <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:md capability=”resourcedump" at="2013-01-02T09:00:00Z”/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/resourcedump_part1.zip</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md length=”97553" type=”application/zip"/> <rs:ln rel=”contents” href="http://example.com/resourcedump_manifest-part1.xml" type=”application/xml"/> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/resourcedump_part2.zip</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 51
Resource Dump Manifest <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:md capability=”resourcedump-manifest" at="2013-01-02T09:00:00Z”/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md type="text/html" path=”/resources/res1"/> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res2</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md type=”application/pdf” path=”/resources/res2"/> </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 52
Resource Dump • A Resource Dump points to packages (ZIP files) that contain representations of the Source’s resources • At one point in time (snapshot) • Resource Dump is mandatory, even if there is only one ZIP file • ZIP package contains manifest, listing contained bitstreams • Typical Destination use: Baseline Synchronization, bulk download • Each URI typically listed only once • Might be expensive to generate • Destinations use @at to determine freshness • [@at, @completed] – interval of uncertainty • GETs against individual URIs from Resource List achieves the same result (ignoring varying freshness) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 53
Change List <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:md capability=”changelist" from="2013-01-02T09:00:00Z” until="2013-01-03T09:00:00Z”/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md change=”updated" hash="md5:1584abdf8ebdc9802ac0c6a7402c03b6" length="8876" type="text/html"/> </url> <url> … </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 54
Change List • A Change List pertains to a Source’s resources that changed • Changes that occurred during a temporal interval with startand end-date • Typical Destination use: Incremental Synchronization, Audit • Changes are listed in chronological order • Multiple changes to one resource results in the resource being listed multiple times, once per change • Source determines duration of temporal interval • Destinations use @from and @until to determine freshness • Destinations issue GETs against URIs to obtain changed resources ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 55
Discovery of Capabilities Requirements: • Need to discover capabilities, i.e. Resource List, Resource Dump, Change List, Change Dump, Archives, Notification channels • Need to know the type of capability each document represents. Approach: • The Source publishes a Capability List that enumerates the capabilities it supports. • By pointing at Resource List, Change List, Resource Dump, etc. using appropriate relation types, e.g. “resourcelist”, “changelist”, “resourcedump” etc. http://www.openarchives.org/rs/resourcesync#CapabilityList ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 56
Discovery of Capabilities ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 57
Capability List <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:md capability=”capabilitylist”/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/dataset1/resourcelist.xml</loc> <rs:md capability=”resourcelist”/> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/dataset1/changelist.xml</loc> <rs:md capability=”changelist”/> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/dataset1/resourcedump.xml</loc> <rs:md capability=”resourcedump”/> </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 58
Discovery of Capability Lists Requirements: • Need to discover a Capability List Approaches: • Introduce a link in the HTTP Link header of a resources that is subject to synchronization, pointing at the Capability List with the relation type “resourcesync” • Introduce a link from an HTML document that is subject to synchronization (<head> section), pointing at the Capability List with the relation type “resourcesync” • Link from a Resource List, etc. to the Capability List with the relation type “up” Link header on example.com/res1.pdf Link: <example.com/dataset1/capabilitylist.xml>;rel=“resourcesync” ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 59
Discovery via robots.txt • Resource Lists are (enhanced) Sitemaps • Sitemaps can be discovered via robots.txt • Ergo, Resource Lists should be discoverable via robots.txt User-agent: * Disallow: /cgi-bin/ Disallow: /tmp/ Sitemap: http://example.com/dataset1/resourcelist.xml ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 60
Framework Structure ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 61
Motivation for Notifications • Reduce synchronization latency by having the Source push out resource change information • To avoid continuous pull of Change Lists by Destinations • Share information about changes to the Source’s ResourceSync implementation, e.g. announcement of new Resource List, new Capability List, etc. • To avoid continuous polling of e.g. Resource Lists, ResourceSync Description ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 62
Source: Notification Capabilities • P U • S H 1. Change Notification • Notifies about changes to particular resources • e.g., resource A has been updated | created | deleted 2. Framework Notification • Notifies about changes to capabilities i.e., their documents • e.g., a Change List has been updated | created | deleted • Also for Capability Lists and Source Description ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 63
Notification Channels • Notification sent via channels • Resource Notification: one channel per set of resources • Framework Notification: one channel per set of resources • Sent on level of capability document, not on index-level • Notifications about changes to Source Description sent on all Framework Notification channels • Payload for notifications: <urlset> documents • Transport protocol for notifications under discussion: • PubSubHubbub https://pubsubhubbub.googlecode.com/git/pubsubhubbub-core0.4.html - current choice • WebSockets -http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455 – may be added later ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 64
Change Notification Payload <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:ln rel="up" href="http://example.com/dataset1/capabilitylist.xml"/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T09:07:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md change=”updated" hash="md5:1584abdf8ebdc9802ac0c6a7402c03b6" length="8876" type="text/html"/> </url> <url> … </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 65
ResourceSync - Agenda 5. Implementation ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 66
DSpace support for metadata harvesting use case DSpace Module: https://github.com/CottageLabs/DSpaceResourceSync PHP client: https://github.com/stuartlewis/resync-php http://mydspace.edu/dspace-rs/resource/123456789/7/qdc ResourceSync webapp Item handle Metadata Format ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 67
ResourceSync @ arXiv • Use ResourceSync for both mirroring and public data access o efficient updates o ability to do periodic audits o public synchronization capability o reduce admin burden • Start with metadata + source for mirroring use case (doing experiments now) • Open Access use cases require processed PDF also ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 68
Getting a copy of arXiv It might be as easy as: (of course, you probably have to wait a while but it is nice to know ResourceSync is stateless so one can efficiently restart) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 69
Python Library and Client • Aim to provide library code implementing all ResourceSync facilities for use in both source and destination implementations o Designed for python 2.6 (RHEL6) and 2.7 • Client (resync) supports many destination operations, inspired by the common Unix rsync program • Client also supports some operations that might be useful in a source, such as generation of static Resource Lists, or periodic Change Lists (used in arXiv experiments) • Explorer (resync-explorer) intended to allow easy inspection of a source’s resource sets and capabilities • Developed since ResourceSync v0.5, updated for v0.9.1 http://github.org/resync/resync On pypi: “easy_install resync” ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
ResourceSync Source Simulator • Python code using Tornado server • Provides random set of resources of different sizes updated at a particular rate • Very useful for testing Destination code http://github.com/resync/simulator ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
ResourceSync - Agenda 6. Q&A ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 72
ResourceSync: A Web-Based Resource Synchronization Framework #resourcesync ResourceSync is funded by The Sloan Foundation & JISC ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 73
THANK YOU We look forward to seeing you at a future NISO training event.

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NISO ResourceSync Training Session

  • 1.
    NISO Training http://www.niso.org/workrooms/onixpl-encoding/ NISO Training ResourceSync:A Web-Based Resource Synchronization Framework December 3, 2013 Speakers: Bernhard Haslhofer - Postdoc Research Associate Department of Computer Science, University of Vienna Simeon Warner - Information Science, Cornell University
  • 2.
    ResourceSync: A Web-Based Resource Synchronization Framework #resourcesync ResourceSyncis funded by The Sloan Foundation & JISC ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 2
  • 3.
    This is ashort version of the complete ResourceSync tutorial, which is available at http://www.slideshare.net/OpenArchivesInitiative/resourcesync-tutorial ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 3
  • 4.
    ResourceSync Tutorial History •OAI8, June 2013 – Open Repositories, July 2013 – JCDL, July 2013 – TPDL 2013, September 2013 –LITA Forum, November 2013, SWIB November 2013, … Presenters Simeon Warner Cornell University Bernhard Haslhofer University of Vienna ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 4
  • 5.
    ResourceSync Tutorial Contributors MartinKlein Herbert Van de Sompel Robert Sanderson Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory <martinklein0815@gmail.com> <hvdsomp@gmail.com> <azaroth24@gmail.com> @mart1nkle1n @hvdsomp @azaroth24 Simeon Warner Cornell University <simeon.warner@cornell.edu> @zimeon Michael L. Nelson Old Dominion University <mln@cs.odu.edu> @phonedude_mln Richard Jones Cottage Labs <richard@cottagelabs.com> @cottagelabs ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 5
  • 6.
    OAI Herbert Van deSompel Martin Klein Robert Sanderson (Los Alamos National Laboratory) Simeon Warner (Cornell University) NISO Todd Carpenter Nettie Lagace University of Oxford Graham Klyne Bernhard Haslhofer (University of Vienna) Michael L. Nelson (Old Dominion University) Lyrasis Peter Murray Carl Lagoze (University of Michigan) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 6
  • 7.
    ResourceSync Technical Group LOCKSS ExLibris Inc. Shlomo Sanders David Rosenthal JISC Richard Jones Paul Walk Stuart Lewis RedHat OCLC Christian Sadilek Library of Congress Jeff Young Kevin Ford ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 7
  • 8.
    Timeline, Status ofSpecification(s) • August 2013 o o Release of ResourceSync framework Core specification - Version 0.9.1 Public draft of ResourceSync Archives specification released • September 2013 o Core specification on its way to become an ANSI standard • November 2013 o Internal draft of ResourceSync Notification specification • January 2014 o Public draft of ResourceSync Notification specification • Mid 2014 o Core specification becomes ANSI/NISO standard ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 8
  • 9.
    Pointers • Specification http://www.openarchives.org/rs/ http://www.openarchives.org/rs/resourcesync http://www.openarchives.org/rs/archives • Listfor public comment https://groups.google.com/d/forum/resourcesync • Client and simulator code http://github.org/resync/resync http://github.org/resync/simulator ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 9
  • 10.
    ResourceSync - Agenda 1.ResourceSync: Problem Perspective & Conceptual Approach 2. Motivation & Use Cases 3. Framework Walkthrough 4. Framework (Technical) Details 5. Implementation 6. Q&A ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 10
  • 11.
    ResourceSync - Agenda 1.ResourceSync: Problem Perspective & Conceptual Approach ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 11
  • 12.
    Synchronize What? • Webresources o things with a URI that can be dereferenced • Focus on needs of research communication and cultural heritage organizations o but aim for generality ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 12
  • 13.
    Synchronize What? • Smallwebsites/repositories (a few resources) to large repositories/datasets/linked data collections (many millions of resources) sync sync ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 13
  • 14.
    Synchronize What? • Lowchange frequency (weeks/months) to high change frequency (seconds) • Synchronization latency and accuracy needs may vary sync sync sync ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 14
  • 15.
    Why? … because lotsof projects and services are doing synchronization but have to resort to ad-hoc, case by case, approaches! • Project team involved with projects that need this • Experience with OAI-PMH: widely used in repos but o XML metadata only o Attempts at synchronizing actual content via OAI-PMH (complex object formats, dc:identifier) not successful. o Web technology has moved on since 1999 • Devise a shared solution for data, metadata, linked data? ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 15
  • 16.
    ResourceSync Problem • Consideration: •Source (server) A has resources that change over time: they get created, modified, deleted • Destination (servers) X, Y, and Z leverage (some) resources of Source A. • Problem: • Destinations want to keep in step with the resource changes at Source A: resource synchronization. • Goal: • Design an approach for resource synchronization aligned with the Web Architecture that has a fair chance of adoption by different communities. • The approach must scale better than recurrent HTTP HEAD/GET on resources. ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 16
  • 17.
    Source: Core SynchronizationCapabilities P U L L 1. Describing content – publish a list of resources available for synchronization to enable Destinations to perform an initial load or catch-up with a Source 2. Packaging content – bundle resources to enable bulk download by destinations 3. Describing changes – publish a list of resource changes to enable destinations to stay synchronized and decrease latency 4. Packaging changes – bundle resource changes for bulk download by destinations ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 17
  • 18.
    Source: Notifications Capabilities Toreduce synchronization latency and to optimize the synchronization process the Source can support: P • U S • H 1. Change Notification • Notifies about changes to particular resources • e.g., resource A has been updated | created | deleted 2. Framework Notification • Notifies about changes to capabilities i.e., their documents • e.g., a Change List has been updated | created | deleted ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 18
  • 19.
    Source: Synchronization Features 1.Discovery of capabilities – support Destinations in discovering all offered capabilities o Applies to PULL, PUSH, capabilities 1. Linking to related resources – provide links from resources subject to synchronization to related resources o Applies to PULL, PUSH capabilities ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 19
  • 20.
    Destination: Synchronization Needs 1.Baseline synchronization – A destination must be able to perform an initial load or catch-up with a source - avoid out-of-band setup 2. Incremental synchronization – A destination must have some way to keep up-to-date with changes at a source - subject to some latency; minimal: create/update/delete - allow to catch-up after destination has been offline 3. Audit – A destination should be able to determine whether it is synchronized with a source - regarding coverage and accuracy ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 20
  • 21.
    ResourceSync - Agenda 2.Motivation & Use Cases ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 21
  • 22.
    Use Case 1:arXiv Mirroring and Data Sharing • Repository of scholarly articles in physics, mathematics, computer science, etc. • > 850k articles • approx. 1.5 revisions per article on average • approx. 75k new articles per year • Each article has full-text and separate metadata record • approx. 3.8M resources ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 22
  • 23.
    Use Case 1:arXiv Mirroring and Data Sharing • 2,700 updates daily o at 8pm EST o Currently using homebrew mirroring solution (running with minor modifications since 1994!) o occasional rsync (file systemspecific, auth issues) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 23
  • 24.
    Use Case 1:arXiv Mirroring / Data Sharing • GOAL: Keep mirror sites synchronized with daily changes • WANT: o o o o o o high consistency moderate latency robustness to global network outages (low admin effort) ability to verify sync status in case of questions low admin effort (i.e. standard approach, standard tools) reasonable consistency, latency, efficiency ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 24
  • 25.
    Use Case 2:DBpedia Live Duplication • Average of 2 updates per second • Low latency desirable => need for a push technology ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 25
  • 26.
    ResourceSync - Agenda 3.Framework Walkthrough ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 26
  • 27.
    Source Capability 1:Describing Content In order to advertise the resources that a source wants destinations to know about, it may describe them: o o Publish a Resource List, a list of resource URIs and possibly associated metadata - Destination GETs the Resource List - Destination GETs listed resources by their URI A Resource List describes the state of a set of resources at one point in time (snapshot) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 27
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
    Source Capability 2:Packaging Content By default, content is transferred in response to a GET issued by a destination against a URI of a source’s resource. But a source may support additional mechanisms: o o Publish a Resource Dump, a document that points to packages of resource representations and necessary metadata - Destination GETs the package - Destination unpacks the package - ZIP format supported A Resource Dump and the packages it points to reflect the state of a set of resources at one point in time (snapshot) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 30
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
    Source Capability 3:Describing Changes In order to achieve lower latency and/or greater efficiency, a source may communicate about changes to its resources: o o Publish a Change List, a list of recent change events (created, updated, deleted resource) - Destination acts upon change events, e.g. GETs created/updated resources, removes deleted resources. A Change List pertains to resources that changed in a temporal interval with a start- and an end-date - If a resource changed more than once, it will be listed more than once ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 33
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.
    Source Capability 4:Packaging Changes In order to reduce the number of requests to obtain resource changes, a source may provide packaged bitstreams for changed resources: o o Publish a Change Dump, a document that points to packages containing bitstreams of recently changed resource and necessary metadata - Destination GETs the package - Destination unpacks the package - ZIP format supported A Change Dump and its packages pertain to resources that changed in a temporal interval with a start- and an end-date - If a resource changed more than once, it will be included more than once ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 37
  • 38.
  • 39.
    Destination: Key Processes ResourceSyncWebinar December 3 2013 39
  • 40.
    ResourceSync - Agenda 4.Framework (Technical) Details ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 40
  • 41.
    So Many Choices Push DSNotify OAI-PMH rsync Crawl Pull OAI-ORE RDFsync WebDAVCol. Syn. XMPP Atom SWORD Sitemap SPARQLpush SDShare AtomPub RSS PubSubHubbub XMPP ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 41
  • 42.
    So Many Choices Push DSNotify OAI-PMH rsync Crawl Pull OAI-ORE RDFsync WebDAVCol. Syn. XMPP Atom SWORD Sitemap SPARQLpush SDShare AtomPub RSS PubSubHubbub XMPP ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 42
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
    ResourceSync Sitemap Extensions <urlsetxmlns=http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9 xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/”> <rs:ln …/> <rs:md …/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:ln …/> <rs:md …/> </url> <url> … </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 45
  • 46.
    Related Resource MetadataSummary • Attributes of the <rs:ln> element; c.f. resource metadata + pri Element/Attribute Description Defined by <rs:ln> ResourceSync encoding HTTP Content-Encoding header value RFC2616 hash One or more content digests (md5, sha-1, sha-256) Atom Link Ext. href Related resource URI (identity) RFC4287 length HTTP Content-Length header value RFC4287 modified Timestamp of last change (c.f. <lastmod>) Atom Link Ext. path Path in ZIP package (Dump Manifests only) ResourceSync pri Priority of link RFC6249 rel Relation - IANA registered or URI RFC4287 type HTTP Content-Type header value RFC4287 ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
  • 47.
    Resource Metadata Summary Element/Attribute <loc> <lastmod> Description ResourceURI (identity) Timestamp of last change Defined by sitemaps sitemaps <changefreq> Expected update frequency sitemaps <rs:md> change encoding hash length path type ResourceSync Change type (Change List & Change Dump Manifest only) ResourceSync HTTP Content-Encoding header value RFC2616 One or more content digests (md5, sha-1, Atom Link Ext. sha-256) HTTP Content-Length header value RFC4287 Path in ZIP package (Dump Manifests only) HTTP Content-Type header value ResourceSync RFC4287 ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
  • 48.
    Link Relation Summary Relation Usein ResourceSync Defined in rel="alternate" Link from generic to specific URI HTML 5 rel="canonical" Link from specific to generic URI RFC6596 rel="collection" Resource is member of collection RFC6573 rel="contents" Link from dump to manifest rel="describedby" Has metadata HTML4 Protocol for Web Description Resources (POWDER): Description Resources rel="describes" Is metadata for The 'describes' Link Relation Type rel="duplicate" RFC6249 rel=".../rs/terms/patch" Mirror or alternative copy A patch -- efficient change information rel="memento" Link to time-specific URI Memento Internet Draft rel="timegate" Link to timegate Memento Internet Draft rel="via" Provenance chain, came from RFC4287 This specification ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
  • 49.
    Resource List <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:mdcapability="resourcelist" at="2013-01-03T09:00:00Z” completed="2013-01-03T09:01:00Z” /> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md hash="md5:1584abdf8ebdc9802ac0c6a7402c03b6" length="8876" type="text/html"/> </url> <url> … </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 49
  • 50.
    Resource List • DescribeSource’s resources that are subject to synchronization • At one point in time (snapshot) • Creation can take some time – duration can be conveyed • Typical Destination use: Baseline Synchronization, Audit • Each URI typically listed only once • Might be expensive to generate • Destinations use @at to determine freshness • [@at, @completed] – interval of uncertainty • Destination issues GETs against URIs to obtain resources • Very similar to current Sitemaps ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 50
  • 51.
    Resource Dump <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:mdcapability=”resourcedump" at="2013-01-02T09:00:00Z”/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/resourcedump_part1.zip</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md length=”97553" type=”application/zip"/> <rs:ln rel=”contents” href="http://example.com/resourcedump_manifest-part1.xml" type=”application/xml"/> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/resourcedump_part2.zip</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 51
  • 52.
    Resource Dump Manifest <urlsetxmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:md capability=”resourcedump-manifest" at="2013-01-02T09:00:00Z”/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md type="text/html" path=”/resources/res1"/> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res2</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md type=”application/pdf” path=”/resources/res2"/> </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 52
  • 53.
    Resource Dump • AResource Dump points to packages (ZIP files) that contain representations of the Source’s resources • At one point in time (snapshot) • Resource Dump is mandatory, even if there is only one ZIP file • ZIP package contains manifest, listing contained bitstreams • Typical Destination use: Baseline Synchronization, bulk download • Each URI typically listed only once • Might be expensive to generate • Destinations use @at to determine freshness • [@at, @completed] – interval of uncertainty • GETs against individual URIs from Resource List achieves the same result (ignoring varying freshness) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 53
  • 54.
    Change List <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:mdcapability=”changelist" from="2013-01-02T09:00:00Z” until="2013-01-03T09:00:00Z”/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T13:00:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md change=”updated" hash="md5:1584abdf8ebdc9802ac0c6a7402c03b6" length="8876" type="text/html"/> </url> <url> … </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 54
  • 55.
    Change List • AChange List pertains to a Source’s resources that changed • Changes that occurred during a temporal interval with startand end-date • Typical Destination use: Incremental Synchronization, Audit • Changes are listed in chronological order • Multiple changes to one resource results in the resource being listed multiple times, once per change • Source determines duration of temporal interval • Destinations use @from and @until to determine freshness • Destinations issue GETs against URIs to obtain changed resources ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 55
  • 56.
    Discovery of Capabilities Requirements: •Need to discover capabilities, i.e. Resource List, Resource Dump, Change List, Change Dump, Archives, Notification channels • Need to know the type of capability each document represents. Approach: • The Source publishes a Capability List that enumerates the capabilities it supports. • By pointing at Resource List, Change List, Resource Dump, etc. using appropriate relation types, e.g. “resourcelist”, “changelist”, “resourcedump” etc. http://www.openarchives.org/rs/resourcesync#CapabilityList ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 56
  • 57.
    Discovery of Capabilities ResourceSyncWebinar December 3 2013 57
  • 58.
    Capability List <urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:mdcapability=”capabilitylist”/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/dataset1/resourcelist.xml</loc> <rs:md capability=”resourcelist”/> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/dataset1/changelist.xml</loc> <rs:md capability=”changelist”/> </url> <url> <loc>http://example.com/dataset1/resourcedump.xml</loc> <rs:md capability=”resourcedump”/> </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 58
  • 59.
    Discovery of CapabilityLists Requirements: • Need to discover a Capability List Approaches: • Introduce a link in the HTTP Link header of a resources that is subject to synchronization, pointing at the Capability List with the relation type “resourcesync” • Introduce a link from an HTML document that is subject to synchronization (<head> section), pointing at the Capability List with the relation type “resourcesync” • Link from a Resource List, etc. to the Capability List with the relation type “up” Link header on example.com/res1.pdf Link: <example.com/dataset1/capabilitylist.xml>;rel=“resourcesync” ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 59
  • 60.
    Discovery via robots.txt •Resource Lists are (enhanced) Sitemaps • Sitemaps can be discovered via robots.txt • Ergo, Resource Lists should be discoverable via robots.txt User-agent: * Disallow: /cgi-bin/ Disallow: /tmp/ Sitemap: http://example.com/dataset1/resourcelist.xml ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 60
  • 61.
  • 62.
    Motivation for Notifications • Reducesynchronization latency by having the Source push out resource change information • To avoid continuous pull of Change Lists by Destinations • Share information about changes to the Source’s ResourceSync implementation, e.g. announcement of new Resource List, new Capability List, etc. • To avoid continuous polling of e.g. Resource Lists, ResourceSync Description ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 62
  • 63.
    Source: Notification Capabilities • P U • S H 1.Change Notification • Notifies about changes to particular resources • e.g., resource A has been updated | created | deleted 2. Framework Notification • Notifies about changes to capabilities i.e., their documents • e.g., a Change List has been updated | created | deleted • Also for Capability Lists and Source Description ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 63
  • 64.
    Notification Channels • Notification sentvia channels • Resource Notification: one channel per set of resources • Framework Notification: one channel per set of resources • Sent on level of capability document, not on index-level • Notifications about changes to Source Description sent on all Framework Notification channels • Payload for notifications: <urlset> documents • Transport protocol for notifications under discussion: • PubSubHubbub https://pubsubhubbub.googlecode.com/git/pubsubhubbub-core0.4.html - current choice • WebSockets -http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455 – may be added later ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 64
  • 65.
    Change Notification Payload <urlsetxmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9" xmlns:rs="http://www.openarchives.org/rs/terms/"> <rs:ln rel="up" href="http://example.com/dataset1/capabilitylist.xml"/> <url> <loc>http://example.com/res1</loc> <lastmod>2013-01-02T09:07:00Z</lastmod> <rs:md change=”updated" hash="md5:1584abdf8ebdc9802ac0c6a7402c03b6" length="8876" type="text/html"/> </url> <url> … </url> </urlset> ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 65
  • 66.
    ResourceSync - Agenda 5.Implementation ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 66
  • 67.
    DSpace support for metadataharvesting use case DSpace Module: https://github.com/CottageLabs/DSpaceResourceSync PHP client: https://github.com/stuartlewis/resync-php http://mydspace.edu/dspace-rs/resource/123456789/7/qdc ResourceSync webapp Item handle Metadata Format ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 67
  • 68.
    ResourceSync @ arXiv •Use ResourceSync for both mirroring and public data access o efficient updates o ability to do periodic audits o public synchronization capability o reduce admin burden • Start with metadata + source for mirroring use case (doing experiments now) • Open Access use cases require processed PDF also ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 68
  • 69.
    Getting a copyof arXiv It might be as easy as: (of course, you probably have to wait a while but it is nice to know ResourceSync is stateless so one can efficiently restart) ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 69
  • 70.
    Python Library andClient • Aim to provide library code implementing all ResourceSync facilities for use in both source and destination implementations o Designed for python 2.6 (RHEL6) and 2.7 • Client (resync) supports many destination operations, inspired by the common Unix rsync program • Client also supports some operations that might be useful in a source, such as generation of static Resource Lists, or periodic Change Lists (used in arXiv experiments) • Explorer (resync-explorer) intended to allow easy inspection of a source’s resource sets and capabilities • Developed since ResourceSync v0.5, updated for v0.9.1 http://github.org/resync/resync On pypi: “easy_install resync” ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
  • 71.
    ResourceSync Source Simulator •Python code using Tornado server • Provides random set of resources of different sizes updated at a particular rate • Very useful for testing Destination code http://github.com/resync/simulator ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013
  • 72.
    ResourceSync - Agenda 6.Q&A ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 72
  • 73.
    ResourceSync: A Web-Based Resource Synchronization Framework #resourcesync ResourceSyncis funded by The Sloan Foundation & JISC ResourceSync Webinar December 3 2013 73
  • 74.
    THANK YOU We lookforward to seeing you at a future NISO training event.

Editor's Notes

  • #16 LANL Memento Aggregator of IIPC; Europeana does metadata via OAI-PMH but anticipate content also; arXiv – mirroring and data sharing; Linked data @ BBC; DBpedia, journal data at LANLREST not about in 1999
  • #26 Semantic web version of wikipedia; want mirror to provide reliable basis for local services
  • #40 Top line – just metadata about resources, destination uses GET to get them (duh)Bottom line – packaged content =&gt; fewer round trips
  • #42 Rsyncetc just reference; push vs pull -&gt; both; many other parts
  • #43 Rsyncetc just reference; push vs pull -&gt; both; many other parts
  • #49 Add: rel=“contents”rel=“archives”
  • #69 Test site, has subsets of arXiv and even complete source plus metadata (at present not up to date with 0.9)
  • #70 No way around the difficulty of transferring 1TB initially but then a daily or weekly sync is efficient, and it still works even after some arbitrary time.