Part 6 of the series on the politica economy of Pakistan which examines the global and domestic environment at the time of General Zia's take over,the economic policies pursued by his team during the 1977-88 decade and how these policies affected the process of economic development of Pakistan
Economic challenges face by Pakistan"s economy and their solutions (1)Muhammad Zubair
After reading this chapter you will able to understand what are the economy issues face by Pakistan and what are the solutions to solve those economic issues.
Part 6 of the series on the politica economy of Pakistan which examines the global and domestic environment at the time of General Zia's take over,the economic policies pursued by his team during the 1977-88 decade and how these policies affected the process of economic development of Pakistan
Economic challenges face by Pakistan"s economy and their solutions (1)Muhammad Zubair
After reading this chapter you will able to understand what are the economy issues face by Pakistan and what are the solutions to solve those economic issues.
Forms of Agriculture in Pakistan
Natural and Human Factors Affecting the Production of Crops
Factors which affect Livestock Farming
Describe Fish Farms
Marine, Inland and Farm fishes
Role of Agriculture in Producing Resources for Economic Development of Pakistan
Pattern of Modernization in Agriculture with Reference of Green Revolution (1958-1969)
Problems Faced by Agricultural Sector in Pakistan
Remedies for the Problems of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan
Agricultural Map of Pakistan
Political Economy of a Post-Colonial State; Economic Development of PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
Despite all the ups and downs, Pakistan is now the 26th largest economy in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity, (44th largest in terms of nominal GDP). With per capita income of US$ 4550, Pakistan occupies at 140th place on this count in the world, thanks to her burgeoning population of 200 million people. Pakistan is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century. By 2050, with an estimated GDP of $3.33 trillion, Pakistan is expected to become world’s 18th largest economy, according to Goldman Sachs. However, this progress is not as impressive as it looks or should have been keeping her potential. Similarly her dismal social indicators, structural anomalies and income disparities leave much to be desired.
This presentation sums up the development experience—what Pakistan did marvellously, what it did marginally and where it failed miserably during her development journey. It ends with an the lessons other developing countries can learn from this development experience of Pakistan.
Financial Federalism in Pakistan & National Finance CommissionShahbaz Cheema
Pakistan's federal constitutional system provides how its finances powers and resources would be distributed among various federating units. This slide show introduces the readers about that.
Agricultural Pricing Policy of PakistanUltraspectra
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
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http://www.ultraspectra.net
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A power point presentation on the security issues that are faced by Pakistan today like Crimes, Terrorism, Refugee problem, Inter provincial disharmony and much more.
This paper proposes an updated formula for resource distribution between provinces -- horizontal
distribution -- under the upcoming National Finance Commission (NFC) Award. We maintain that the formula offered in the 7
th NFC Award was predominantly needs-based and whatsoever equity indicators it has, by its very structure, fall short of capturing the full essence of equity. Further, we
argue that existing indicators of efficiency – that is the size of provincial tax revenue, is not adjusted for the size of the provincial economy and, thus, fails to capture the efficiency part of tax collection -- that is, the effort made in this regard.
Forms of Agriculture in Pakistan
Natural and Human Factors Affecting the Production of Crops
Factors which affect Livestock Farming
Describe Fish Farms
Marine, Inland and Farm fishes
Role of Agriculture in Producing Resources for Economic Development of Pakistan
Pattern of Modernization in Agriculture with Reference of Green Revolution (1958-1969)
Problems Faced by Agricultural Sector in Pakistan
Remedies for the Problems of Agriculture Sector in Pakistan
Agricultural Map of Pakistan
Political Economy of a Post-Colonial State; Economic Development of PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
Despite all the ups and downs, Pakistan is now the 26th largest economy in the world in terms of Purchasing Power Parity, (44th largest in terms of nominal GDP). With per capita income of US$ 4550, Pakistan occupies at 140th place on this count in the world, thanks to her burgeoning population of 200 million people. Pakistan is one of the Next Eleven, the eleven countries that, along with the BRICs, have a potential to become one of the world's large economies in the 21st century. By 2050, with an estimated GDP of $3.33 trillion, Pakistan is expected to become world’s 18th largest economy, according to Goldman Sachs. However, this progress is not as impressive as it looks or should have been keeping her potential. Similarly her dismal social indicators, structural anomalies and income disparities leave much to be desired.
This presentation sums up the development experience—what Pakistan did marvellously, what it did marginally and where it failed miserably during her development journey. It ends with an the lessons other developing countries can learn from this development experience of Pakistan.
Financial Federalism in Pakistan & National Finance CommissionShahbaz Cheema
Pakistan's federal constitutional system provides how its finances powers and resources would be distributed among various federating units. This slide show introduces the readers about that.
Agricultural Pricing Policy of PakistanUltraspectra
About Us:
UltraSpectra is a full-service online company dedicated to providing the services of internet marketing and
IT solutions to professionals and businesses looking to fully leverage the internet.
http://www.ultraspectra.com
http://www.ultraspectra.net
Join Our Network:
facebook.com/ultraspectra
twitter.com/ultraspectra
youtube.com/user/ultraspecra
A power point presentation on the security issues that are faced by Pakistan today like Crimes, Terrorism, Refugee problem, Inter provincial disharmony and much more.
This paper proposes an updated formula for resource distribution between provinces -- horizontal
distribution -- under the upcoming National Finance Commission (NFC) Award. We maintain that the formula offered in the 7
th NFC Award was predominantly needs-based and whatsoever equity indicators it has, by its very structure, fall short of capturing the full essence of equity. Further, we
argue that existing indicators of efficiency – that is the size of provincial tax revenue, is not adjusted for the size of the provincial economy and, thus, fails to capture the efficiency part of tax collection -- that is, the effort made in this regard.
Nairobi City County Government Entity Fundingbrobbymayers
These sources of county government revenue in Kenya are property rates and entertainment taxes. The county governments can also impose charges for any services
Financial Autonomy and Central-local relationship at Union Parishad Level in ...Ahasan Uddin Bhuiyan
The origin of the root level local government bears a long history in this subcontinent. The existence of village councilors can be traced out from Kautillya’s Arthashastra during Mauriyan dynasty .
It is Union Parishad that is the grass root level administrative organ of the government in Bangladesh . It is known fact that the local body like union parishad should have autonomy in both financial and administrative decision making . But in fact , in Bangladesh, this important tier of local government is highly dominated and controlled by the central government .
As a part of academic curriculum, I was assigned to conduct a field work on financial autonomy , central-local relationship at union level in Bangladesh . The findings of my field work are discussed in this assignment .
Ekiti State of Nigeria Report of the Auditor-General for Local Governments on the Consolidated Accounts of the Local Governments of Ekiti State, Nigeria for the year ended on the 31st of December, 2016.
Financing and budgeting in the panchayati raj institutionsMohit Jain
All the funding process from central govt to the local bodies(Zilla parishad-Taluka level-Gram panchayat). How funds has not been utilized or allocated properly which leads to Inequality distribution of income.
25 august 2020 the-hindu-editorial-analysis-chahal-academyChahalAcademy1
Chahal Academy provides the most reliable complete UPSC coaching in Singrauli for all stages (PRE+MAINS+INTERVIEW) at a very affordable price with Top Faculty of India. Do check out our Online & Offline Courses Today.
Central Finance Commissions and Local Governments in IndiaRavikant Joshi
This PPT delivered to Scholars of Indian School of Public Policy explains in detail role played by Central Finance Commission in India with regard to devolution of funds to urban local bodies of India.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
The WhatsPump Pseudonym Problem and the Hilarious Downfall of Artificial Enga...
Nfc awards
1. ASIF HUSSAIN
INTRODUCTION:
NFC stands for National Finance Commission and its function is the distribution of
among the provinces of Pakistan by the federal govt. This award has been
conducted after five years each .in this collection of taxes and its distribution among
the provinces are decided according to the NFC formula.
Roll No. BECF17E121
NFC AWARDS
2. The taxes include are
Income taxes
General sales tax
Wealth tax (1 to 2.5% on total wealth)
Capital gains (investment gain) (Rs .5 million has 5%)
Custom duties (taxes on import and on exports also called tariffs)(17%)
The mostly tax collection revenue is from Punjab and Sindh and all duty collection are mostly from the
port of Karachi
3. Background of NFC Awards
Before independence Niemeyer Award was established to deal the distribution of resources
between British Govt. and sub –continent
In this sales tax revenue was the exclusive right of provincial govt. but
50% of Revenue of income tax went in hands of federal govt. and remaining goes to the
provincials govts.
After the independence the Raisman Award was established in 1952 which performed the
same functions as Niemeyer .
In which 50% revenue held by federal to control massive influx of refugees in Karachi .
4. And remaining resources are allocated to the provincial govt. but the major shares of
resources gone to west Pakistan.
Then after 1952 two more awards of 1961 and 1964 was conducted with almost same
procedures considering two units which were east and west Pakistan .
Then Why NFC Awards established ?
IN 1971 we all knew that EAST Pakistan cut from Pakistan and became Separate entity
called Bangladesh (now a days ).There are many other reasons of participation but the
major reason was improper distribution of resources between east and west Pakistan .
5. Because east Pakistan was more populous and had more contribution to the output
production of whole country but distribution of resources was discriminated by west
Pakistan (40:60)because of federal govt. support .this thing infuriated east peoples and
they started revoltation against govt.
Then in the constitution of 1973 a article (160) was passed for equal distribution of
resources .
According to this article NFC awards will be held after each 5 years.
6. Its members are Federal Finance Minister (Chairman), Provincial Finance Ministers and
other concerning experts which the President may appoint after consultation with
provincial Governors [Constitution of Pakistan (1973)]. The main charter of NFC is to
recommend on the
(1) The distribution of specified taxes, duties between federation and provinces.
(2) The disbursement of grants to provincial governments .
(3) The borrowing powers exercised by federal and provincial
governments.
(4) Any other financial matter referred to commission.
7. 1st NFC Award of 1974
This NFC awards was given in the govt. Of late Z.A Bhutto
Major key indicators of this award are
The sources pf revenue was income taxes ,sales taxes and others
But the major contributor of revenue custom duties was left out .
This award comprises vertical distribution of 20:80 of resources fed. And provinces .
And horizontal distribution (distributions among provinces) of resources was
8. In the above distribution major shares of distribution goes to Punjab and this
distribution was according to population and this distribution disappointed
Sindh and NWFP
In this award annual grants of Rs.150 Million were also allocated for
Balochistan and NWFP.
9. 2ND NFC Award 1979
This award was given in govt. of late Zia –ul-Haq in 1979 but no proposal was given and this award was
adjusted with consensus of 1981 and in this award
Vertical distribution of resources between fed.govt and provinces remain 20:80 and in this custom
duties were also added in revenue collections.
And the horizontal distribution was
In this share of distribution of Punjab decreases and of Sindh and
Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan
57.9% 23.34% 13.39% 5.30%
10. Of Balochistan increased and NWFP remains unchanged .
Drawback of NFC awards
if we see the history of NFC awards ,only population was considered the essential tool of
distribution of resources which may not be a justifiable and equitable distribution if we
ignore other demographic factors like infrastructure ,poverty ,revenue generation and
environment etc.