The document discusses several approaches for controlling cell growth and tumor progression, including targeting key molecular pathways, blocking angiogenesis through anti-angiogenic therapies, and using gene therapy to supply healthy genes. It also outlines how increased understanding of biological processes in tumors and the body's response has enabled molecular targeting of specific proteins and pathways involved in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Promising targets mentioned include EGFR, angiogenesis factors, and the tumor vasculature.

1. Control of cell growth complicated,
considering the alternate pathways
now identified

2. Src kinase activity
is essential for
focal adhesion
turnover
Focal adhesion
complex
Tumour
invasion
Cell-cell adhesion
weakening
Cadherins
Increased Src activity
Pre-invasive
tumour cell
growth
Deregulated Src activity and
tumour invasion

3. Gene Therapy
Gene therapy is still experimental
Gene therapy aims to supply defective
cells with healthy copies of missing or
altered genes.
If research proves successful, gene
therapy may be used in cancer and other
types of diseases

4. Anti-angiogenesis
Angiogensis:
development of new
blood vessels from
existing vessels
Anti-angiogenics prevent
tumour vessel
formation
Early research with
anti-angiogenics
demonstrate tumour
growth can be
regressed or slowed
down
Tumour Angiogenesis
Formation of
new tumour
vasculature
Tumour
Angiogenic
factors

5. Molecular Targeting of Breast Cancer

6. Oestrogen receptor function – 2003
ER
PP
P
P PP
AIB1
ERK1,2, AKT, JNK, P38, IKK

7. Targeted therapy in cancer
Many more biologic processes understood at a
molecular level in the host (the body’s response to
the cancer) as well as those in the tumour itself
Growth factors
Tumour
vasculature
Disseminating
tumour cells
Invasion
Cell cycle control
Proliferating
tumour cells
Angiogenesis
Signal transduction

8. Targeting tumour blood supply
Solid tumours e.g.
breast cancer, survive
by developing their
own blood supply
(angiogenesis)
Therefore treatments
which inhibit tumour
blood supply
formulation and
maintenance can kill
cancer cells and
shrink tumours

9. Targeting tumour vasculature

10. Therapeutic intervention at key stages
in tumour development
Promising agents in research
– EGFR
– Anti angiogenesis
– Vascular targeting
– Gene therapy

11. EGFR, HER2
Raf
MEK1/2
Ras
ERK 1/2
p90rsk
Cbl
AKT
GRB2 SOS
p110
PI3 Kinase
p85
p160ER
CBP
Basal
Transcription
Machinery
ERE Target gene
P
P
P
Rac1 cdc42
MLK3
MKK3/6MEKK1
P38
Survival
Inflammatory cytokines
TNFα,IL-1
IGFR
Proliferation Cytokines
stress