The document summarizes key infrastructure funding and projects in California. The California Transportation Commission allocated $139 million to improve transportation systems and support economic growth, including $2 million from federal stimulus funds. Projects funded include repairing highways in Riverside and Los Angeles counties, and widening a highway in the San Francisco Bay Area. An additional $61 million was allocated to operating costs for California's three intercity passenger rail lines.
The document is a comment submitted to the Department of Transportation regarding the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project. The comment asserts that the DEIS scope was reduced from what was outlined in the 2006 Notice of Intent by ending the fixed guideway at Ala Moana Center rather than continuing to UH Manoa and Waikiki as originally planned. The comment recommends expanding the project scope in the DEIS to include the full route as originally intended. Additionally, the comment argues that alternatives like Bus Rapid Transit, managed lanes, and highway bypasses should have been considered but were excluded in violation of the goals of reducing traffic congestion on H-1. The comment recommends including these additional alternatives in
Wbg course. final project. infrastructureAliciaShep
The document provides an overview of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and analyzes case studies of infrastructure projects implemented through PPPs in Latin America and the Caribbean. It discusses the history and rationale of PPPs, presents three case studies of PPP projects in Bolivia, Suriname, and Jamaica, and analyzes the projects' outcomes from political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal perspectives. It concludes that PPPs can enable green, resilient and inclusive development when implemented within a robust governance framework that incorporates the principles of quality infrastructure development.
The document summarizes the financial position and achievements of the Manukau City Council for the 2005-2006 fiscal year. It states that the Council has strong finances with $380 million in total investments and $99 million in debt. It delivered services while embracing changes and had the lowest rates increases of any Auckland council. Key projects and milestones included establishing new organizations, progressing growth strategies, completing new community facilities, and advancing transportation infrastructure projects. The Director of Finance reported the Council ended the year in a favorable financial position.
The East End Crossing is a $1.25 billion public-private partnership between Indiana and private developers to construct a new four-lane bridge and related highway infrastructure across the Ohio River connecting Clark County, Indiana and Jefferson County, Kentucky. The project aims to expand cross-river mobility and alleviate traffic congestion in the Louisville area. A private consortium led by Walsh Investors, VINCI Concessions, and Bilfinger Project Investments will design, build, finance, operate and maintain the new bridge over a 35-year concession period, receiving availability payments from toll revenues collected on the bridge. Construction began in 2013 and is expected to be completed by October 2016. The project is part of a larger bi-state Ohio
Letter from Association of American Railroads 9.12.02Obama White House
The Association of American Railroads responded to President Bush's call for businesses to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity. Railroads are already 3 times more fuel efficient than trucks. If just 10% of freight moved from trucks to rail, the US would save hundreds of millions of gallons of fuel and emit 2.5 million fewer tons of carbon dioxide each year. Railroads have improved fuel efficiency by 72% since 1980 and saved 2.6 billion gallons of fuel in 2001 alone. In response, railroads commit to an 18% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 2012 using 2002 as a baseline, while continuing to provide safe and economical transportation.
Translink presentation to Delta Chamber of CommerceDeltaChamber
The document summarizes TransLink's goals of building a sustainable and well-managed transportation network in Greater Vancouver. It outlines key infrastructure expansions and service improvements from 2000-2010, including more transit routes and vehicles. It notes ongoing efforts to improve cost efficiency while meeting rising ridership demands. The document proposes two options to generate supplemental funding for further transit and road projects, through a small property tax increase and higher transportation improvement fees on vehicles.
Transportation vancouver island economic loss dec 02 2013P. Anna Paddon
Transportation. Happy Sir John A. MacDonald Birthday. This is a Victoria, BC, confederation promise slide show. I have included two US World Globalization writers, Renner and Gardner, they propose that the US achieve the new open trade contracts from China. This is a slideshow that I am editing.
Pacific North America Climate Leadership Agreement-052716Daniel Hamilton
This document outlines an agreement between jurisdictions along the Pacific Coast of North America, including British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington, and the cities of Los Angeles, Oakland, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver, to collaborate on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Specifically, they agree to work together on initiatives related to low-carbon buildings, transportation, energy systems, and waste by benchmarking building energy use, encouraging zero-emission vehicles, expanding electric vehicle infrastructure, deploying renewable energy, reducing emissions from heating fuels, and advancing organic waste reduction. The agreement is non-binding and intended to spur collaboration rather than create legal obligations or funding commitments. Progress will be reevaluated after
The document is a comment submitted to the Department of Transportation regarding the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Honolulu High-Capacity Transit Corridor Project. The comment asserts that the DEIS scope was reduced from what was outlined in the 2006 Notice of Intent by ending the fixed guideway at Ala Moana Center rather than continuing to UH Manoa and Waikiki as originally planned. The comment recommends expanding the project scope in the DEIS to include the full route as originally intended. Additionally, the comment argues that alternatives like Bus Rapid Transit, managed lanes, and highway bypasses should have been considered but were excluded in violation of the goals of reducing traffic congestion on H-1. The comment recommends including these additional alternatives in
Wbg course. final project. infrastructureAliciaShep
The document provides an overview of public-private partnerships (PPPs) and analyzes case studies of infrastructure projects implemented through PPPs in Latin America and the Caribbean. It discusses the history and rationale of PPPs, presents three case studies of PPP projects in Bolivia, Suriname, and Jamaica, and analyzes the projects' outcomes from political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal perspectives. It concludes that PPPs can enable green, resilient and inclusive development when implemented within a robust governance framework that incorporates the principles of quality infrastructure development.
The document summarizes the financial position and achievements of the Manukau City Council for the 2005-2006 fiscal year. It states that the Council has strong finances with $380 million in total investments and $99 million in debt. It delivered services while embracing changes and had the lowest rates increases of any Auckland council. Key projects and milestones included establishing new organizations, progressing growth strategies, completing new community facilities, and advancing transportation infrastructure projects. The Director of Finance reported the Council ended the year in a favorable financial position.
The East End Crossing is a $1.25 billion public-private partnership between Indiana and private developers to construct a new four-lane bridge and related highway infrastructure across the Ohio River connecting Clark County, Indiana and Jefferson County, Kentucky. The project aims to expand cross-river mobility and alleviate traffic congestion in the Louisville area. A private consortium led by Walsh Investors, VINCI Concessions, and Bilfinger Project Investments will design, build, finance, operate and maintain the new bridge over a 35-year concession period, receiving availability payments from toll revenues collected on the bridge. Construction began in 2013 and is expected to be completed by October 2016. The project is part of a larger bi-state Ohio
Letter from Association of American Railroads 9.12.02Obama White House
The Association of American Railroads responded to President Bush's call for businesses to reduce greenhouse gas emissions intensity. Railroads are already 3 times more fuel efficient than trucks. If just 10% of freight moved from trucks to rail, the US would save hundreds of millions of gallons of fuel and emit 2.5 million fewer tons of carbon dioxide each year. Railroads have improved fuel efficiency by 72% since 1980 and saved 2.6 billion gallons of fuel in 2001 alone. In response, railroads commit to an 18% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions intensity by 2012 using 2002 as a baseline, while continuing to provide safe and economical transportation.
Translink presentation to Delta Chamber of CommerceDeltaChamber
The document summarizes TransLink's goals of building a sustainable and well-managed transportation network in Greater Vancouver. It outlines key infrastructure expansions and service improvements from 2000-2010, including more transit routes and vehicles. It notes ongoing efforts to improve cost efficiency while meeting rising ridership demands. The document proposes two options to generate supplemental funding for further transit and road projects, through a small property tax increase and higher transportation improvement fees on vehicles.
Transportation vancouver island economic loss dec 02 2013P. Anna Paddon
Transportation. Happy Sir John A. MacDonald Birthday. This is a Victoria, BC, confederation promise slide show. I have included two US World Globalization writers, Renner and Gardner, they propose that the US achieve the new open trade contracts from China. This is a slideshow that I am editing.
Pacific North America Climate Leadership Agreement-052716Daniel Hamilton
This document outlines an agreement between jurisdictions along the Pacific Coast of North America, including British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington, and the cities of Los Angeles, Oakland, Portland, San Francisco, Seattle, and Vancouver, to collaborate on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Specifically, they agree to work together on initiatives related to low-carbon buildings, transportation, energy systems, and waste by benchmarking building energy use, encouraging zero-emission vehicles, expanding electric vehicle infrastructure, deploying renewable energy, reducing emissions from heating fuels, and advancing organic waste reduction. The agreement is non-binding and intended to spur collaboration rather than create legal obligations or funding commitments. Progress will be reevaluated after
The document discusses the financial and environmental analysis of New York City's taxi fleet transitioning from the current fleet dominated by the Ford Crown Victoria to the new "Taxi of Tomorrow" - the 2013 Nissan NV200. The analysis compares the costs and greenhouse gas emissions of the current taxi models (Crown Victoria, Ford Escape Hybrid, Toyota Sienna, Toyota Camry, Toyota Prius Hybrid) to the single Nissan NV200 model over 5 years. It identifies economic incentives for different taxi vehicle ownership models and questions some decisions around the mandated Nissan phase-in given environmental and economic factors.
Public Transport System (Philippines) Post covid19Rene Santiago
A presentation at a workshop for industrial engineering students of the University of the Philippines, on state of public transportation before, during, and after the pandemic
Letter from Association of American Railroads 9.12.02Obama White House
The letter summarizes the freight railroads' commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in response to the President's call for businesses to cut emissions intensity by 18% over the next decade. It notes that railroads are already three times more fuel efficient than trucks. The railroads plan to achieve a projected goal of a 15% reduction in emissions intensity by 2012 through innovative fuel efficiency initiatives, improved operating practices, and cooperation with the Department of Energy on research. The letter requests the Department of Energy's continued support for public-private efforts to improve railroad fuel efficiency.
This executive summary outlines Hydro Alternative Energy's (HAE) mission to harness tidal and ocean currents as a clean energy source using their patent-pending turbine technology. HAE was founded in 2009 and has received approval for pilot projects in Ecuador, the Dominican Republic, and Cameroon. Recent tests of a turbine prototype in intracoastal waters demonstrated power generation. HAE aims to commercialize this technology by establishing pilot projects, continuing research and development, and negotiating power purchase agreements with countries in need of energy.
1 transportation vancouver island economic loss dec 02 2013P. Anna Paddon
Premier Christy Clark outlined requirements for British Columbia to consider supporting heavy oil pipelines, including the Enbridge Northern Gateway project. The requirements are that environmental reviews be successfully completed, BC receives a fair share of fiscal and economic benefits reflecting the risks to the province, and legal requirements regarding Aboriginal rights are addressed. Forecasting future risks and returns of major projects can be done using mean-variance optimization in modern portfolio theory, which predicts risks and returns based on historical data.
This document provides an overview and plan for a public relations campaign to persuade the UK government to include Liverpool on the proposed High Speed 2 (HS2) north-south rail link. The campaign aims to promote HS2's route through Liverpool and pressure the government to pursue and complete the project. Key elements of the plan include ongoing promotion of HS2's benefits to Liverpool, emphasizing speed and environmental advantages over road and air travel, and gaining support from local businesses and organizations.
The Long-Range Transit Plan (LRTP) is a comprehensive strategy for enhancing significantly the public transit system for the central Ohio region over the next 23 years. Utilizing a variety of methods to ensure public participation, the LRTP has been developed to respond to the growing transportation needs of the central Ohio region by providing an expanded, reliable, and safe transit system. In every major metropolitan area, investments in the transportation infrastructure, including public transit, is vital for ensuring economic vitality and improved quality of life.
- The document discusses the Ports-to-Plains Trade Corridor, which connects ports and cities in Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
- It outlines key industries in states along the corridor like energy, agriculture, and wind power. It also provides trade data showing imports and exports with Mexico and Canada.
- The main purpose is to advocate for improving transportation infrastructure along the corridor to support economic growth in rural areas and industries like energy, agriculture, and renewable energy. Upgrades are needed to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and goods.
This document summarizes the challenges California faced in meeting its growing energy demand, including a lack of new power plant construction between 1994-2000 despite population growth. It then highlights the High Desert Power Plant as the 2003 Plant of the Year for how it partnered with the local community, offset its emissions in an innovative way, and managed water usage with a zero liquids discharge system. The plant helped meet California's urgent need for new generation capacity while minimizing environmental impacts.
$400,000,000 total cost privately owned 800 MegaWatt combined cycle natural gas-fired power plant that generates the electricity to now serve 500,000 Los Angeles residents.
The document discusses the increase in oil transportation by rail in North America due to growing oil production and pipeline capacity constraints. It notes that rail provides a flexible alternative to pipelines, but that most rail tank cars, DOT-111s, are considered unsafe by regulators. Major oil spills from derailments have increased public safety concerns about transporting oil by rail near population centers. The document advocates for improved tank car standards and emergency response capabilities to help enable continued, safer growth of oil-by-rail transportation.
GCCIA has maintained 100% support to the security
for the Gulf Cooperation Council electricity network for
the tenth consecutive year.
In order to maintain these successes, GCCIA is
continuously seeking to expand to achieve its first
objective; ensuring the electrical security of the
Member States.
Due to the continuous increase in the demand for
electricity in the Member States networks, and in the
interest of GCCIA to adapt the capacity of the electrical
interconnector to the needs of the networks of the Gulf
Cooperation Council States, the Authority has initiated
the feasibility study of the expansion of the electrical
interconnector by exploiting the opportunities of
interconnection within and outside the Gulf Cooperation
Council States to connect with neighboring regions
in seek for new sources of energy efficiency and
sustainability.
Commercial energy exchange reinforces Gulf energy
security and avoids its disconnection, as well as to
reduce the cost of building new plants and the periodic
maintenance costs of these plants.
The Gulf Cooperation Council interconnection
network was the beginning of the electric power trade.
The exchange volume between the Gulf Cooperation
Council States that reached 1.250 million MWH, which
necessitated the formation of the energy-trading
platform for the Gulf electricity market In the year
2018.
This document provides an overview and update on the North American Development Bank (NADB) and Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC). It discusses NADB's mandate, ownership structure, eligible sectors, geographic jurisdiction, operating environment, project activities in 2013, cumulative financing results, outcomes of completed projects, an international crossing study, and options for a general capital increase. Key points include NADB providing $359.7 million in new financing for 19 new projects in 2013, $2.22 billion contracted to support 192 projects, 140 projects fully implemented, and a capital increase seen as critical to maintain credit ratings and lending capacity.
1. Illinois is well positioned to receive federal funding for high-speed rail projects due to leadership from Governor Quinn, the state's technical expertise in passenger rail, and strong financial commitments.
2. Federal policy is trending towards supporting sustainable jobs and livable communities through integrated transportation, housing, and land use planning.
3. Illinois and its rail communities have signed agreements to collaborate on capturing federal funds and developing rail corridors that promote sustainable, livable, and green communities through strategic planning and incentives.
Mark Philips discusses the future of transport. He sees opportunities for more efficient vehicles in the next decade, many of which may be smaller than today's cars. Luxury brands may migrate to smaller platforms. Advancing fuel and power technologies will allow luxury cars to still offer the same travel experience but in a more environmentally friendly way. Traffic control systems like congestion charging will likely increase with an aging population and the need to manage traffic in crowded cities. Smart mobility through vehicle tracking and intelligent highways may converge to deliver the first phase of a global smart transport system in the next decade.
This document discusses the history and current state of county highway departments in New York State. It begins by looking back fondly at a time when working for the county provided job satisfaction, security and good retirement benefits. However, it notes that today there are fewer jobs in county government, less security, and declining compensation and benefits. It then examines factors like declining tax revenues, state mandates consuming county budgets, and new policies like "Forward Four" that are impacting highway departments. Representatives from Chemung and Essex counties provide examples of how their departments have adapted by reducing staff, sharing equipment between agencies, and taking on more work in-house. The document emphasizes the challenges faced but also the innovative solutions county highway departments are developing
Regional’s Clark Report is being published to provide information and provoke debate on property matters, at a time when issues of assessment and brownfields are appearing on front pages of mainstream newspapers.
The document is a newsletter from Kharafi National that provides updates on various construction projects and operations across Kuwait, UAE, and Egypt. It discusses the successful completion of two power plants in Egypt and the start of operations at two sewage treatment plants in the UAE. It also provides an update on Kharafi National's ongoing construction of a third power plant in Egypt and a gas processing plant in Abu Dhabi.
Kharafi National has successfully completed two large power plant projects in Egypt ahead of schedule. The 1,000MW El-Shabab power plant and 500MW Damietta power plant were synchronized to the national grid in June and July 2011 respectively, after only 8.5 months of work. A third 500MW West Damietta power plant project is currently under construction. Kharafi National's ability to deliver these mega-projects rapidly and safely demonstrates their leadership in large-scale power plant construction in the Middle East.
Chuck Serventi, a 5th grade teacher, struggled with effectively teaching math to a diverse group of students within the limited classroom time. He discovered the digital tool helloWorld, which allowed him to record and archive lessons for students to review anytime. This helped increase instruction time and engage students. Using helloWorld, Chuck saw test scores rise by 30-50% for many students. It also improved parent communication by allowing them to view lessons. As a result of his success using technology, Chuck was named Teacher of the Year in Arizona.
The document discusses the financial and environmental analysis of New York City's taxi fleet transitioning from the current fleet dominated by the Ford Crown Victoria to the new "Taxi of Tomorrow" - the 2013 Nissan NV200. The analysis compares the costs and greenhouse gas emissions of the current taxi models (Crown Victoria, Ford Escape Hybrid, Toyota Sienna, Toyota Camry, Toyota Prius Hybrid) to the single Nissan NV200 model over 5 years. It identifies economic incentives for different taxi vehicle ownership models and questions some decisions around the mandated Nissan phase-in given environmental and economic factors.
Public Transport System (Philippines) Post covid19Rene Santiago
A presentation at a workshop for industrial engineering students of the University of the Philippines, on state of public transportation before, during, and after the pandemic
Letter from Association of American Railroads 9.12.02Obama White House
The letter summarizes the freight railroads' commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in response to the President's call for businesses to cut emissions intensity by 18% over the next decade. It notes that railroads are already three times more fuel efficient than trucks. The railroads plan to achieve a projected goal of a 15% reduction in emissions intensity by 2012 through innovative fuel efficiency initiatives, improved operating practices, and cooperation with the Department of Energy on research. The letter requests the Department of Energy's continued support for public-private efforts to improve railroad fuel efficiency.
This executive summary outlines Hydro Alternative Energy's (HAE) mission to harness tidal and ocean currents as a clean energy source using their patent-pending turbine technology. HAE was founded in 2009 and has received approval for pilot projects in Ecuador, the Dominican Republic, and Cameroon. Recent tests of a turbine prototype in intracoastal waters demonstrated power generation. HAE aims to commercialize this technology by establishing pilot projects, continuing research and development, and negotiating power purchase agreements with countries in need of energy.
1 transportation vancouver island economic loss dec 02 2013P. Anna Paddon
Premier Christy Clark outlined requirements for British Columbia to consider supporting heavy oil pipelines, including the Enbridge Northern Gateway project. The requirements are that environmental reviews be successfully completed, BC receives a fair share of fiscal and economic benefits reflecting the risks to the province, and legal requirements regarding Aboriginal rights are addressed. Forecasting future risks and returns of major projects can be done using mean-variance optimization in modern portfolio theory, which predicts risks and returns based on historical data.
This document provides an overview and plan for a public relations campaign to persuade the UK government to include Liverpool on the proposed High Speed 2 (HS2) north-south rail link. The campaign aims to promote HS2's route through Liverpool and pressure the government to pursue and complete the project. Key elements of the plan include ongoing promotion of HS2's benefits to Liverpool, emphasizing speed and environmental advantages over road and air travel, and gaining support from local businesses and organizations.
The Long-Range Transit Plan (LRTP) is a comprehensive strategy for enhancing significantly the public transit system for the central Ohio region over the next 23 years. Utilizing a variety of methods to ensure public participation, the LRTP has been developed to respond to the growing transportation needs of the central Ohio region by providing an expanded, reliable, and safe transit system. In every major metropolitan area, investments in the transportation infrastructure, including public transit, is vital for ensuring economic vitality and improved quality of life.
- The document discusses the Ports-to-Plains Trade Corridor, which connects ports and cities in Canada, the United States, and Mexico.
- It outlines key industries in states along the corridor like energy, agriculture, and wind power. It also provides trade data showing imports and exports with Mexico and Canada.
- The main purpose is to advocate for improving transportation infrastructure along the corridor to support economic growth in rural areas and industries like energy, agriculture, and renewable energy. Upgrades are needed to ensure safe and efficient transportation of people and goods.
This document summarizes the challenges California faced in meeting its growing energy demand, including a lack of new power plant construction between 1994-2000 despite population growth. It then highlights the High Desert Power Plant as the 2003 Plant of the Year for how it partnered with the local community, offset its emissions in an innovative way, and managed water usage with a zero liquids discharge system. The plant helped meet California's urgent need for new generation capacity while minimizing environmental impacts.
$400,000,000 total cost privately owned 800 MegaWatt combined cycle natural gas-fired power plant that generates the electricity to now serve 500,000 Los Angeles residents.
The document discusses the increase in oil transportation by rail in North America due to growing oil production and pipeline capacity constraints. It notes that rail provides a flexible alternative to pipelines, but that most rail tank cars, DOT-111s, are considered unsafe by regulators. Major oil spills from derailments have increased public safety concerns about transporting oil by rail near population centers. The document advocates for improved tank car standards and emergency response capabilities to help enable continued, safer growth of oil-by-rail transportation.
GCCIA has maintained 100% support to the security
for the Gulf Cooperation Council electricity network for
the tenth consecutive year.
In order to maintain these successes, GCCIA is
continuously seeking to expand to achieve its first
objective; ensuring the electrical security of the
Member States.
Due to the continuous increase in the demand for
electricity in the Member States networks, and in the
interest of GCCIA to adapt the capacity of the electrical
interconnector to the needs of the networks of the Gulf
Cooperation Council States, the Authority has initiated
the feasibility study of the expansion of the electrical
interconnector by exploiting the opportunities of
interconnection within and outside the Gulf Cooperation
Council States to connect with neighboring regions
in seek for new sources of energy efficiency and
sustainability.
Commercial energy exchange reinforces Gulf energy
security and avoids its disconnection, as well as to
reduce the cost of building new plants and the periodic
maintenance costs of these plants.
The Gulf Cooperation Council interconnection
network was the beginning of the electric power trade.
The exchange volume between the Gulf Cooperation
Council States that reached 1.250 million MWH, which
necessitated the formation of the energy-trading
platform for the Gulf electricity market In the year
2018.
This document provides an overview and update on the North American Development Bank (NADB) and Border Environment Cooperation Commission (BECC). It discusses NADB's mandate, ownership structure, eligible sectors, geographic jurisdiction, operating environment, project activities in 2013, cumulative financing results, outcomes of completed projects, an international crossing study, and options for a general capital increase. Key points include NADB providing $359.7 million in new financing for 19 new projects in 2013, $2.22 billion contracted to support 192 projects, 140 projects fully implemented, and a capital increase seen as critical to maintain credit ratings and lending capacity.
1. Illinois is well positioned to receive federal funding for high-speed rail projects due to leadership from Governor Quinn, the state's technical expertise in passenger rail, and strong financial commitments.
2. Federal policy is trending towards supporting sustainable jobs and livable communities through integrated transportation, housing, and land use planning.
3. Illinois and its rail communities have signed agreements to collaborate on capturing federal funds and developing rail corridors that promote sustainable, livable, and green communities through strategic planning and incentives.
Mark Philips discusses the future of transport. He sees opportunities for more efficient vehicles in the next decade, many of which may be smaller than today's cars. Luxury brands may migrate to smaller platforms. Advancing fuel and power technologies will allow luxury cars to still offer the same travel experience but in a more environmentally friendly way. Traffic control systems like congestion charging will likely increase with an aging population and the need to manage traffic in crowded cities. Smart mobility through vehicle tracking and intelligent highways may converge to deliver the first phase of a global smart transport system in the next decade.
This document discusses the history and current state of county highway departments in New York State. It begins by looking back fondly at a time when working for the county provided job satisfaction, security and good retirement benefits. However, it notes that today there are fewer jobs in county government, less security, and declining compensation and benefits. It then examines factors like declining tax revenues, state mandates consuming county budgets, and new policies like "Forward Four" that are impacting highway departments. Representatives from Chemung and Essex counties provide examples of how their departments have adapted by reducing staff, sharing equipment between agencies, and taking on more work in-house. The document emphasizes the challenges faced but also the innovative solutions county highway departments are developing
Regional’s Clark Report is being published to provide information and provoke debate on property matters, at a time when issues of assessment and brownfields are appearing on front pages of mainstream newspapers.
The document is a newsletter from Kharafi National that provides updates on various construction projects and operations across Kuwait, UAE, and Egypt. It discusses the successful completion of two power plants in Egypt and the start of operations at two sewage treatment plants in the UAE. It also provides an update on Kharafi National's ongoing construction of a third power plant in Egypt and a gas processing plant in Abu Dhabi.
Kharafi National has successfully completed two large power plant projects in Egypt ahead of schedule. The 1,000MW El-Shabab power plant and 500MW Damietta power plant were synchronized to the national grid in June and July 2011 respectively, after only 8.5 months of work. A third 500MW West Damietta power plant project is currently under construction. Kharafi National's ability to deliver these mega-projects rapidly and safely demonstrates their leadership in large-scale power plant construction in the Middle East.
Chuck Serventi, a 5th grade teacher, struggled with effectively teaching math to a diverse group of students within the limited classroom time. He discovered the digital tool helloWorld, which allowed him to record and archive lessons for students to review anytime. This helped increase instruction time and engage students. Using helloWorld, Chuck saw test scores rise by 30-50% for many students. It also improved parent communication by allowing them to view lessons. As a result of his success using technology, Chuck was named Teacher of the Year in Arizona.
Energy HARVESTING USING NANOTECH,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,27suraj
This document discusses energy harvesting using nanotechnology. It focuses on using nanotechnology, which involves surface science and organic chemistry, to develop new techniques for harvesting energy from ambient sources like motion, heat, light, and electromagnetic radiation. The goal is to power small electronic devices in a sustainable way without the need for traditional batteries.
Bakteri dan virus merupakan organisme mikroskopik yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan di bumi. Bakteri memiliki berbagai bentuk dan struktur sel yang bervariasi, seperti dinding sel, membran plasma, dan organel lain. Bakteri dapat berkembangbiak dengan berbagai cara dan hidup di berbagai lingkungan. Sementara itu, virus merupakan parasit obligat yang sangat kecil dan hanya dapat bereproduksi di dalam inang. Kedua makhluk hid
The document discusses embedding a video directly on a page or adding a hyperlink or button to play a video in a popup window. It also includes a clickable link labeled "Video" to watch a video in a popup.
Kajian menilai penggunaan Cartwheel Mat dalam mengajar asas pergerakan roda kereta kepada murid tahun 3. Ujian pra dan pos menunjukkan Cartwheel Mat membantu meningkatkan penguasaan murid dengan perbezaan skor signifikan. Soal selidik mendapati 90% murid menikmati pembelajaran menggunakan Cartwheel Mat dan ingin meneroka pergerakan baru.
This document discusses developing a technology-based business idea. It outlines reviewing existing technologies to determine how they can add value and be applied to create a new technology. This involves considering the social and economic impacts to conclude on a viable business concept.
The document summarizes information about SV2, a venture philanthropy organization. SV2 works to build the capacity of donors, grantees, and the community. It invests money, time, expertise and networks in nonprofit organizations. SV2 was founded in 1998 and became independent in 2008. It has granted over $3.5 million to more than 30 nonprofits to help build their capacity and impact. SV2 also works to engage and develop its donor partners.
Las muñecas Reborn son réplicas extremadamente realistas de bebés que sorprenden a los observadores por su alto nivel de detalle y parecido con un bebé real.
This document outlines a daily meal plan and provides information on the key nutrients in each meal. The breakfast contains cereal, milk, orange juice, calcium, fibre and vitamin C. The morning tea includes fruits and vegetables that provide sugar, carbohydrates, vitamin C and fibre. Lunch consists of rice, carrots, tuna and bread for fibre, carbohydrates and protein. Dinner includes tofu, broccoli, cabbage and rice for protein, calcium, vitamin C, carbohydrates and iron. Overall, the daily meals provide a variety of important nutrients that contribute to health, energy and growth.
Reseller hosting allows organizations to provide website hosting to their customers in a cost-effective way. It allows companies to grow their online presence by offering customers hosted websites. Reseller hosting plans provide the bandwidth, disk space, and management features needed to support hosting customers' sites and run a hosting business.
Las muñecas Reborn son réplicas extremadamente realistas de bebés que sorprenden a los observadores por su alto nivel de detalle y parecido con un bebé real.
telephone data systems 2007proxyexibit13tothe2006form10kfinance48
This document is the annual report and letter to shareholders of Telephone and Data Systems, Inc. (TDS) for the year 2006. It provides the following key information:
1) TDS will no longer produce a printed annual report, and shareholders should refer to the letter and attached appendix on the company's website for the annual report.
2) In 2006, TDS grew its operating revenues 10% to $4.4 billion and cash flow from operating activities totaled $887.2 million.
3) TDS' wireless subsidiary U.S. Cellular grew its customer base, revenues, and profitability in 2006, while its wireline subsidiary TDS Telecom increased broadband penetration and access
This document lists the attendance percentages for classes at Layton Primary School from October 13th to 17th. It shows that Foundation class FK and Year 2 class 2J had the highest attendance at 98.3%, while Foundation FCW and Year 1 class 1D had the lowest attendance at 93.2% and 92.7% respectively. Overall school attendance for the period was 96.1%.
The document discusses America's aging and deteriorating infrastructure, including roads, bridges, dams, drinking water systems, and more. It provides data from reports by the American Society of Civil Engineers from 1988 to 2016 showing the poor condition of much of the country's infrastructure and estimating trillion-dollar losses to the economy if investment is not increased. It also discusses some historical infrastructure failures like the 1928 collapse of the St. Francis Dam in California that killed over 450 people and the 1967 collapse of the Silver Bridge over the Ohio River.
The document discusses the Ports-to-Plains Trade Corridor and its advocacy efforts to promote infrastructure investment. It notes that the current highways are inadequate to meet future needs. An improved transportation network would boost safety, efficiency, energy security, and renewable energy development. The document calls for increased funding through the federal fuel tax and priorities like rural connectivity, freight movement, and border infrastructure in new transportation legislation.
The Ports-to-Plains Alliance is a non-profit advocacy group representing a 9-state, 2,300+ mile transportation corridor between Texas and Canada. It seeks to upgrade and modernize existing 2-lane highways that are inadequate for current and future needs. Improving the transportation network would boost safety, efficiency, energy development, and economic growth in America's agricultural and energy heartland. However, long-term funding is needed to address the Highway Trust Fund shortfall and preserve the national surface transportation system.
This document proposes investing $85 billion in transportation and environmental infrastructure projects to rebuild America. It allocates funding to repair highways, bridges, transit systems, rail, aviation, water infrastructure, and federal buildings. It prioritizes "shovel-ready" projects that can start within 90 days to quickly boost the economy and jobs. The proposal estimates creating over 2.4 million jobs and $439 billion in economic activity through this infrastructure investment plan.
Winds of Change in Klickitat CountyThe Harvest Wind ProjectM..pdfinfo335653
Winds of Change in Klickitat County:
The Harvest Wind Project
M. Phillips, D. Watson, B. Barnes, and H. Feldman
The following case describes a proposal by four Pacific Northwest utilities to build another wind
farm in the Columbia River Gorge. The local county planning director is responsible for deciding
on a permit for the project, but there are organizations and citizens both for and against
approving the permit, including local farmers, environmental groups, county citizens worried
about health and noise effects, and, of course, the local utilities who are proposing the project. If
approved, and completed by the end of the year, the costs of the project could be reduced by
almost a third through a grant by the U.S. Treasury Department.
Introduction
It was early April 2009, and Klickitat County planning director Curt Dreyer was weary but
happy to be writing up his permitting decision. On a tight timeline, he had worked for months
gathering information and vetting the Harvest Wind Project proposal that had been submitted by
four Pacific Northwest consumer owned utilities: the Public Utility District (PUD) No. 1 of
Cowlitz County, the Eugene Water and Electric Board. Lakeview Green Energy. Inc., and
Peninsula Light Company. The pressure had been high: hanging in the balance was a $60.76
million US Treasury Department grant which represented 30 percent of eligible construction
costs, made available through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA).
To qualify for the full amount, the wind project had to be completed within the year 2009.
The proposed construction schedule was one of the most aggressive ever and in order to
complete it on time approval had to come in April. Wind projects were complicated and required
months of constructiontypically half a year or more. If Curt approved the project, construction
could commence by early May, concluding by December 2009 at the latest to qualify for the
$60.76 million grant.
Approving the permit was not a forgone conclusion. Although Klickitat County was often called
the capital of wind energy in the Pacific Northwest due to its 14 operating wind farms and its
prime location in the Columbia River Gorge, concerns about wind power among
stakeholdersincluding negative economic, environmental, and health effectswere increasingly
being voiced in the region and nationally. With imperfect information on health effects and
environmental effects, the true costs of wind were uncertain. And yet each new wind proposal
had to be evaluated given leading edge knowledge at the time, and every affected party and
viewpoint had to be taken into consideration before approving or turning down the projects
permit application for the county. Given these concerns and the uncertainty, would the gains to
project stakeholders justify signing off on the project? As he reflected on the past few months,
Curt felt he had done his best to collect as much information as possible and to weigh the
concerns and needs.
This document discusses security threats and solutions across different modes of transportation including trucking, mass transit, and oil pipelines. It covers the importance and history of each component, their facilities and infrastructure, regulations, and emergency funding needs. While steps have been taken to improve aviation security, more efforts are still needed to enhance security for mass transit, railroads, and pipelines through close cooperation between industry and government.
1) The author argues that the CSX Carolina Connector intermodal rail terminal project in Rocky Mount, North Carolina will be transformational for the state by bringing economic opportunities and jobs.
2) The project will lower transportation costs for businesses, potentially increasing the state's competitiveness. It will also reduce highway congestion and improve air quality.
3) In addition to construction jobs, the terminal is expected to create over 1,500 jobs in the region over time through secondary industries and good paying on-site jobs averaging $60,000 annually.
Federal Legislative Recommendations of the Ports‐to‐Plains AlliancePorts-To-Plains Blog
These existing highways are inadequate to meet current and future needs of the region and the nation. To promote economic security and prosperity throughout America's energy and agricultural heartland, these high priority corridors must be upgraded and modernized.
The document discusses the proposed California High Speed Rail project which would connect Los Angeles and San Francisco with a high speed train. It is estimated to cost $87 billion and promised to reduce travel time between the two cities to 2 hours and 40 minutes. Supporters argue it will create jobs, reduce traffic and emissions. However, some farmers oppose it as it will divide farms and reduce land values. Critics argue it is too expensive and benefits are too far in the future. The effects on businesses are also discussed as both positive and negative, depending on the industry.
This document summarizes the progress and challenges of Canada's $190 billion federal infrastructure plan three years after its launch. It notes that $42 billion has been spent or allocated to 48,000 projects so far, with many more to come. However, the plan has faced delays in meeting spending targets due to lags between construction and funding claims as well as some jurisdictions moving more slowly than expected. Municipalities have generally stepped up funding to match federal dollars, while provincial capital spending has lagged below budget levels. Moving forward, closer collaboration between all levels of government will be needed to ensure funds flow more consistently.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring “Technical Tune-Up” Educational Workshop held April 5, 2022 in Brea, a presentation titled "Conference Welcome & State Agency Perspective" was delivered by Tony Tavares, Caltrans District 7 Director. The presentation included a welcome to the District 7 region and highlights of the Caltrans construction program and partnering with the construction industry.
California High Speed Rail Project OverviewVoice Malaysia
The document provides an overview of California's high-speed rail project. It discusses that the project will connect the state's major population centers, reducing congestion on roads and in airports. It will create an initial operating section from Merced to Bakersfield that is planned to be completed by 2022. The project is focused on starting in the Central Valley as it is the fastest growing region and federal funds are available. Construction package 1 from Madera to Fresno is underway.
The Hydrogen Super Highway elevated rail system proposal for the West Cost of the United States.
Tri-State proposal for California, Oregon and Washington on I5.
Sustainable Development at the highest level of infrastructure development. Also known as the Motor City Maglev, because we take Transportation and Safety to a Higher Level.
Public Private Partnerships (P3) - Kome Ajese AGC 01.2011 PresentationAGC of California
California's transportation system is one of the largest and most complex in the country, but faces funding challenges to maintain and expand its infrastructure. Public-private partnerships (P3s) are being explored as a way to leverage private funding to help address an estimated $80-150 billion funding gap. California has pursued some P3 highway projects in the past, and currently has several prospective P3 projects in development that could provide billions of dollars in additional transportation infrastructure investment. However, P3 projects also present challenges around ensuring transparency, appropriate risk allocation, and managing public perceptions.
The document discusses the economic impacts of recent flooding in Southeast Texas and Southwest Louisiana. It notes that flooding causes individual losses as well as impacts the regional economy. The flooding closed a major interstate highway for a time, disrupting commerce and labor pools between the two regions. Infrastructure investment is needed to combat these impacts, but political disagreements have prevented adequate funding from being allocated.
Alliance Reauthorization Recommendations … The Basicsjkiely1
This document summarizes information presented at the Ports-to-Plains Annual Meeting on September 8, 2010. It discusses the purpose and benefits of upgrading the Ports-to-Plains trade corridor to improve transportation of agricultural and energy resources. It advocates for increased transportation funding through a higher gas tax or other revenue sources. It provides policy recommendations focusing on rural connectivity, freight transportation, border infrastructure, and safety on two-lane rural roads.
Alliance Reauthorization Recommendations … The BasicsJoe Kiely
This document summarizes information presented at the Ports-to-Plains Annual Meeting on September 8, 2010. It discusses the purpose and benefits of the Ports-to-Plains Trade Corridor, which aims to improve transportation infrastructure connecting ports, agriculture areas, and energy production regions. Key points covered include South Dakota's domestic and international trade data, wind and energy production, advocacy efforts to reform transportation policy and increase funding, and policy recommendations to focus on rural and freight transportation needs.
Team-ropin’ partners
Ports-to-Plains Southern Task Force Committee
Elizabeth Grindstaff, Asst. City Manager, City of San Angelo
Robert Eads, City Manager, City of Del Rio, TX
Lic. Jorge Ramon Montemayer, Director, Fomento Económico Municipal de Cd. Acuña
Ing. Hilario Gabilondo Picolo, Director General, Intermodal Mexico, Mexico City
Germán Rivera, Operation Director, Center for Investment and Trade, Sinaloa
The document discusses the Ports-to-Plains Trade Corridor Coalition and their efforts to strengthen economic connections between West Texas and Northern Mexico. It outlines various trade missions and summits held in San Angelo, Texas between 2009-2011 that brought together officials from Texas and the Mexican states of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, and Sinaloa. The goal was to promote infrastructure development, trade, and collaboration across the border region.
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1. INFRASTRUCTURE MONTHLY ISSUE 1
OCTOBER 2009
I nfrastructure M o n t h l y
Published by: The Right Hire
Matt Plotkin, President
310-844-7481
Mattp@therighthireinc.com
www.therighthireinc.com
PAGE 1 $139 MILLION TARGETED TO projected to be awarded by
TRANSPORTATION FUNDS UPGRADE TRANSPORTATION November.
INCREASED AND ENHANCE ECONOMIC
State and Federal Governments GROWTH Among the 44 projects that received
allocate an additional $139 million funding allocations today were:
for projects throughout California
Caltrans Press Release 9/10/09
Riverside County - $11.2 million to
PAGE 2 repair and resurface
NEWSLETTER Allocations include $2 million from nine miles of heavily used State
INTRODUCTION federal stimulus funds Route 91 between McKinley Street in
The Right Hire is proud to introduce Sacramento - Corona and the Orange/Riverside
Infrastructure Monthly, dedicated to
County line. This project will improve
the Construction and Civil Today, the California Transportation ride quality and safety for more than
Engineering industries. Commission (CTC) allocated 200,000 motorists who commute
$139 million to improve the state's daily on this section of highway.
PAGE 2 transportation system and provide
PIPELINES BURSTING further support for the state's
Throughout California there have Bay Area - $10 million to the Novato
economy. The allocations include $2 Narrows Project, which is widening
been an uptick in the numbers of million in funding from the American
pipes breaking causing floods. eight miles of Highway 101 to six
Recovery and Reinvestment Act of lanes between Novato in Marin
2009 (Recovery Act). The remaining County and Petaluma in Sonoma
PAGE 3 $137 million in allocations came from
CONCRETES CARBON County.
assorted transportation accounts
FOOTPRINT
Is concrete adding to or helping solve funded by state and federal dollars. Los Angeles - $4.4 million to
global warming? construct and install devices to
"From one end of the state to the remove metal pollutants and trash
other, transportation projects are from storm water runoff on eight
PAGE 3
ROADWAY COST providing good paying jobs and miles of State Route 60 from
ESTIMATOR improving mobility for people and Monterey Park to the City of Industry.
Calculator that gives estimated costs businesses in California," said In addition, $61 million was allocated
for concrete and asphalt. Caltrans Director Randy Iwasaki. to Caltrans to cover operating costs
"Our focus has been and continues to for its three intercity passenger rail
PAGE 4 be ensuring that California gets the lines. The Pacific Surfliner, the
TAX CREDITS FOR ENERGY maximum benefit from the stimulus Capitol Corridor and the San Joaquin
EFFICIENT HOMES funding."
Ways your home can provide tax are the second, fourth, and sixth
credits busiest intercity passenger rail
More than 140 stimulus services in the nation. Collectively,
transportation projects worth $1.1 more than five million persons rode
billion have been awarded contracts these trains in fiscal year 2008-09.
to begin work, and many more
projects are in the pipeline - $724
million in federal stimulus funds are
2. INFRASTRUCTURE MONTHLY ISSUE 1
OCTOBER 2009
THE RIGHT HIRE PRESENTS:
INFRASTRUCTURE MONTHLY
By: Matt Plotkin
Welcome to the first issue of
Infrastructure Monthly, provided and
created by The Right Hire. Each month,
you can expect a mix of Civil Engineering
and Construction articles, along with
business tips and ideas, industry trends,
and the latest alternative energy news. In
every issue, this newsletter will aim to
inform and educate its readers on the
latest infrastructure news.
The Right Hire is a recruiting firm
focused in the infrastructure fields of
Construction and Civil Engineering. We
have worked with companies of all sizes
to find the top talent on the market today.
Contact us today to find out how we can
help streamline your recruiting process.
Breaking Pipelines couple of years. The very same homes and businesses without
Create Problems pipeline burst in September water for almost an entire day.
Throughout California 1993, almost 16 years to the
day of the current flooding. As The bottom line here is that our
the cleanup crew worked hard pipelines in California are
By: Matt Plotkin and long to fix the pipeline and getting old and need to be
drain all the water, a bigger replaced. This should be one of
issue should be confronted. the priorities of the government,
It's 10:30 on a Saturday night in at times taking precedent over
September and the street of Whenever there is talk of fixing our roads. While a series
Coldwater Canyon in Studio infrastructure projects, we hear of potholes may cause a
City is covered in several feet of about the roads and bridges commuter to change their route,
water. The cause was not from that are crumbling. We hear talk a bursting pipeline creates a
El Nino, a severe rain storm or a of high speed rails and fixing problem for the entire
hurricane, but rather a 64 foot our freeway system to alleviate community, whether it's through
pipeline that had burst open, traffic. What hasn't been flooding, causing local
causing massive flooding in the mentioned is the need to fix and
streets. Local homes, cars and residents to go without
replace our old pipelines that water, or damaging our
businesses were damaged. run under our streets, which are
Large pieces of concrete were roads at the same time.
100 years old in some cases, in After all, pipes are a major
ripped from the ground and the badly need of repair and have
water damaged roads. And part of our infrastructure
recently been reeking havoc
many people were forced to throughout California. and should no longer be
relocate, either to a shelter or a overlooked.
hotel, until local officials were In the month of September in
able to clean up the water and Los Angeles alone, there have
restore order to the been more than 35 pipelines
neighborhood in Studio City. that have burst. In 2006, there
were 13. A major 100 foot
The question then turns to how pipeline in Folsom broke last
this happened and how it could February, causing a 16 hour
have been prevented. The outage, and San Diego had a
evidence points to the 100 year pipeline burst recently, that left
old pipeline that was scheduled an entire neighborhood of
to be replaced in the next
3. INFRASTRUCTURE MONTHLY ISSUE 1
OCTOBER 2009
Roadway cost estimator
The American Concrete Pavement Association (ACPA)
introduced an online calculator that helps agencies,
planning organizations, road builders, and contractors
calculate estimated fuel and cost savings associated
with building with concrete pavement versus asphalt.
The ACPA Green Streets Calculator
(www.pavements4life.com/greenstreets) illustrates that
concrete roads deflect less under loading, allowing
trucks to get better fuel mileage; and concrete uses
less fuel to construct than asphalt roads.
The online calculator accounts for highway/roadway
design including road length, total road width, concrete
thickness, comparable asphalt thickness, traffic, and
fuel costs. Then the utility determines the minimum,
average, and maximum impact of using concrete
versus asphalt in relation to fuel usage and
environmental impact. Visit www.pavements4life.com/
greenstreets to try out the online calculator.
How Solid Is Concrete's Carbon Footprint? longer if the concrete is recycled into new
construction--and because concrete is somewhat
Many scientists currently think at least 5 percent of permeable, the effect extends beyond exposed
humanity's carbon footprint comes from the surfaces.
concrete industry, both from energy use and the While such changes can be a structural concern for
carbon dioxide (CO2) byproduct from the concrete containing rebar, where the change in
production of cement, one of concrete's principal acidity can damage the metal over many decades,
components. the CaCO3 is actually denser than some of the
materials it replaces and can add strength.
Haselbach's careful analysis of concrete samples
Yet several studies have shown that small
appears to show that other compounds, in addition
quantities of CO2 later reabsorb into concrete, even
to calcite, may be forming. Although the
decades after it is emplaced, when elements of the
compounds remain unidentified, she is optimistic
material combine with CO2 to form calcite.
about their potential.
A study appearing in the June 2009 Journal of
"Understanding the complex chemistry of carbon
Environmental Engineering suggests that the re-
dioxide absorption in concrete may help us develop
absorption may extend to products beyond calcite,
processes to accelerate the process in such
increasing the total CO2 removed from the
materials as recycled concrete or pavement.
atmosphere and lowering concrete's overall carbon
Perhaps this could help us achieve a nearly net-
footprint.
zero carbon footprint, for the chemical reactions at
least, over the lifecycle of such products."
While preliminary, the research by civil and
That is the thrust of Haselbach's current NSF-
environmental engineering professor Liv
funded work, where she is now looking at
Haselbach of Washington State University re-
evaluating the lifecycle carbon footprint of many
emphasizes findings first observed nearly half a
century ago--that carbon-based chemical traditional and novel concrete applications, and
compounds may form in concrete in addition to the looking for ways to improve them.
mineral calcite-now in the light of current efforts to "This work is part of the portfolio of studies
stem global warming. that NSF is funding in this vital area," added
"Even though these chemical species may equate Bruce Hamilton, director of NSF's
to only five percent of the CO2 byproduct from
environmental sustainability program and a
cement production, when summed globally they
become significant," said Haselbach. "Concrete is supporter of Haselbach's work. "Research
the most-used building material in the world." relating to climate change is a priority."
Researchers have known for decades that
concrete absorbs CO2 to form calcite (calcium
carbonate, CaCO3) during its lifetime, and even
4. INFRASTRUCTURE MONTHLY ISSUE 1
OCTOBER 2009
Tax Credits for Energy Efficient
Home Improvements
In February, President Obama signed a stimulus bill
(The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of
2009) that made some significant changes to the energy
efficiency tax credits.
* The tax credits that were previously effective for 2009,
have been extended to 2010 as well.
* The tax credit has been raised from 10% to 30%.
* The tax credits that were for a specific dollar amount
(ex $300 for a CAC), have been converted to 30% of the
cost.
* The maximum credit has been raised from $500 to
$1500 for the two years (2009–2010). However, some
improvements such as geothermal heat pumps, solar
water heaters, and solar panels are not subject to the
$1,500 maximum.
* The $200 cap on windows has been removed
Tax credits are available at 30% of the cost, up to
$1,500, in 2009 & 2010 (for existing homes only) for:
* Windows and Doors
* Insulation
* Roofs (Metal and Asphalt)
* HVAC
* Water Heaters (non-solar)
* Biomass Stoves