1) The document discusses the distinction between culpable homicide and murder under Indian law. Culpable homicide is a broad category that includes murder, but not all culpable homicides are considered murder.
2) For an offense to qualify as murder, the death must be caused unlawfully with the intention to kill or cause serious injury that could likely cause death, or with the knowledge that the act could immediately cause death or serious injury.
3) Culpable homicide only requires unlawfully causing death with the intention to kill or cause likely injury, or with knowledge the act was likely to cause death. Murder requires a higher level of intent or knowledge of likely harm.
This document provides an overview of offenses affecting the human body under Indian law. It defines and discusses crimes such as culpable homicide, murder, hurt, grievous hurt, kidnapping, and rape. For each offense, it outlines the relevant sections of Indian law and provides definitions and explanations of key terms as well as punishments prescribed. The document was written by Vandana Chandwani, an LLB student, for a class on information and communications technology related to these types of offenses under Indian law.
Chief Pennington outlines how law enforcement agencies can effectively manage officer-involved shootings to reduce tensions and prevent violent protests. He discusses an officer-involved shooting in Freeport, Texas where the police department prioritized transparency, respecting victims' families, and listening to community concerns. By quickly sharing accurate information and focusing on de-escalation, the department was able to "defuse the bomb" and avoid unrest over the shooting.
This document discusses culpable homicide and murder under Indian law. It begins by noting that murder accounts for 59% of convictions under the Indian Penal Code. It then examines the origins and meanings of homicide and murder from Latin and Old French roots. The key differences between culpable homicide and murder are outlined, with murder requiring intent to cause death or knowledge that an act could likely cause death, while culpable homicide has a broader scope. Punishments are also specified under sections 302 and 304 of the Indian Penal Code. Case examples are provided to help distinguish between the two offenses.
The document discusses the differences between murder and culpable homicide under Indian law. It examines the exceptions under Section 300 that may reduce a murder charge to culpable homicide not amounting to murder. These exceptions include provocation, exceeding the right of private defense, a public servant exceeding their powers, sudden fight, and consent. The document analyzes several court cases to illustrate how the exceptions have been applied in practice and the criteria courts consider in determining whether an exception applies.
This document discusses culpable homicide and murder under the Indian Penal Code. It defines culpable homicide as causing death by doing an act with the intention of causing death or bodily injury likely to cause death. The key ingredients of culpable homicide are discussed, including causing the death of a human by doing an act with intention to cause death or injury likely to cause death. Murder is defined as culpable homicide committed with the intention to cause death. Exceptions to murder and illustrations of both offenses are provided. The document distinguishes between culpable homicide and murder and notes their respective punishments under the Indian Penal Code.
The document summarizes various sections of Indian penal code related to offences against the human body. It discusses the essential elements of culpable homicide, murder, exceptions to murder like grave and sudden provocation. It also discusses cases related to dowry death, hurt, wrongful restraint, kidnapping, abduction and assault. In summary, the document provides an overview of key laws around causing bodily harm and restricting personal liberty as defined in the Indian penal code.
This document discusses the laws around culpable homicide and murder in India according to sections 299 and 300 of the Indian Penal Code.
Section 299 defines culpable homicide as causing death by doing an act with the intention of causing death or bodily injury likely to cause death, or with the knowledge that the act is likely to cause death. Section 300 defines murder as culpable homicide committed with the intention of causing death or bodily injury known to likely cause death, or with the intention of causing bodily injury sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature.
The key differences between culpable homicide and murder are the intention or knowledge of the offender. Culpable homicide does not require the intention to cause death, while murder
1) The document discusses the distinction between culpable homicide and murder under Indian law. Culpable homicide is a broad category that includes murder, but not all culpable homicides are considered murder.
2) For an offense to qualify as murder, the death must be caused unlawfully with the intention to kill or cause serious injury that could likely cause death, or with the knowledge that the act could immediately cause death or serious injury.
3) Culpable homicide only requires unlawfully causing death with the intention to kill or cause likely injury, or with knowledge the act was likely to cause death. Murder requires a higher level of intent or knowledge of likely harm.
This document provides an overview of offenses affecting the human body under Indian law. It defines and discusses crimes such as culpable homicide, murder, hurt, grievous hurt, kidnapping, and rape. For each offense, it outlines the relevant sections of Indian law and provides definitions and explanations of key terms as well as punishments prescribed. The document was written by Vandana Chandwani, an LLB student, for a class on information and communications technology related to these types of offenses under Indian law.
Chief Pennington outlines how law enforcement agencies can effectively manage officer-involved shootings to reduce tensions and prevent violent protests. He discusses an officer-involved shooting in Freeport, Texas where the police department prioritized transparency, respecting victims' families, and listening to community concerns. By quickly sharing accurate information and focusing on de-escalation, the department was able to "defuse the bomb" and avoid unrest over the shooting.
This document discusses culpable homicide and murder under Indian law. It begins by noting that murder accounts for 59% of convictions under the Indian Penal Code. It then examines the origins and meanings of homicide and murder from Latin and Old French roots. The key differences between culpable homicide and murder are outlined, with murder requiring intent to cause death or knowledge that an act could likely cause death, while culpable homicide has a broader scope. Punishments are also specified under sections 302 and 304 of the Indian Penal Code. Case examples are provided to help distinguish between the two offenses.
The document discusses the differences between murder and culpable homicide under Indian law. It examines the exceptions under Section 300 that may reduce a murder charge to culpable homicide not amounting to murder. These exceptions include provocation, exceeding the right of private defense, a public servant exceeding their powers, sudden fight, and consent. The document analyzes several court cases to illustrate how the exceptions have been applied in practice and the criteria courts consider in determining whether an exception applies.
This document discusses culpable homicide and murder under the Indian Penal Code. It defines culpable homicide as causing death by doing an act with the intention of causing death or bodily injury likely to cause death. The key ingredients of culpable homicide are discussed, including causing the death of a human by doing an act with intention to cause death or injury likely to cause death. Murder is defined as culpable homicide committed with the intention to cause death. Exceptions to murder and illustrations of both offenses are provided. The document distinguishes between culpable homicide and murder and notes their respective punishments under the Indian Penal Code.
The document summarizes various sections of Indian penal code related to offences against the human body. It discusses the essential elements of culpable homicide, murder, exceptions to murder like grave and sudden provocation. It also discusses cases related to dowry death, hurt, wrongful restraint, kidnapping, abduction and assault. In summary, the document provides an overview of key laws around causing bodily harm and restricting personal liberty as defined in the Indian penal code.
This document discusses the laws around culpable homicide and murder in India according to sections 299 and 300 of the Indian Penal Code.
Section 299 defines culpable homicide as causing death by doing an act with the intention of causing death or bodily injury likely to cause death, or with the knowledge that the act is likely to cause death. Section 300 defines murder as culpable homicide committed with the intention of causing death or bodily injury known to likely cause death, or with the intention of causing bodily injury sufficient to cause death in the ordinary course of nature.
The key differences between culpable homicide and murder are the intention or knowledge of the offender. Culpable homicide does not require the intention to cause death, while murder
Lynne stewart re sentenced to 10 years – u.s. justice sentenced to deathLight Upon Light
Lynne Stewart, a lawyer who represented Omar Abdel Rahman, was re-sentenced to 10 years in prison for releasing one of Rahman's statements to the media. The statement called for negotiations between an Islamic group and the Egyptian government. Stewart was convicted of providing material support to terrorists for releasing this statement. However, the document argues that Stewart was actually being punished for her lifelong advocacy for justice, and that her re-sentencing marks a decline in freedom of expression and a fair judicial process in the U.S. It claims the U.S. is becoming less democratic and more repressive of dissent.
The document summarizes criminal law concepts related to assault, wrongful restraint, grievous hurt, and murder. It defines key terms like assault, grievous hurt, wrongful restraint, and culpable homicide. It also discusses related legal cases and provides punishments for various offenses under the Indian Penal Code.
Law Relating to Culpable Homicide & Murder in India.Nilendra Kumar
This document provides an overview of homicide laws in India. It defines different types of homicide such as culpable homicide, murder, and exceptions. Culpable homicide is the killing of a human being without intent to cause death. Murder is a more serious form requiring intent to kill. Lawful homicide includes cases done to uphold the law or in self-defense. Unlawful types include culpable homicide, murder, suicide and homicide by negligent acts. The key aspects of murder under IPC Section 300 are discussed along with illustrations.
The document discusses hurt and grievous hurt offenses under Sections 319 to 338 of the Indian Penal Code of 1860. It defines hurt and grievous hurt and outlines various voluntarily caused offenses and their corresponding punishments. The objective is to protect people from injury and allow victims support under the Code. While the Code deters revenge attacks, diseases transmitted are not clearly addressed. Suggestions include a separate section for offenses leading to death. In conclusion, the punishments follow Newton's third law of equal and opposite reactions.
Respondent Sanchez, a municipal assessor, was found guilty of sexually harassing three female employees. For the first two complaints, he received penalties of reprimand and 30 day suspension. For his third offense against Narvasa, where he pulled her towards him and attempted to kiss her, the mayor deemed this to be grave sexual harassment and dismissed Sanchez. The CSC affirmed this penalty. However, the CA downgraded the offense to simple misconduct and imposed a lighter penalty of one month and one day suspension. The Supreme Court ruled that Sanchez' actions constituted grave misconduct as sexual harassment is a serious offense related to the performance of his duties as a public official. His dismissal was proper.
Omahan says he was wrongly held at gunpoint in 2013 by police officer in fata...Thomas Freeman
An Omaha man, T. Arthur Haskin, says he was wrongly detained at gunpoint in 2013 by Officer Alvin Lugod who is now under investigation for a fatal shooting. Haskin filed a complaint against Lugod for injuring his back and wrists while handcuffed during the detention, but an internal police investigation cleared Lugod of wrongdoing. Haskin remains upset that Lugod still has a badge given his reckless behavior. He is asking the Justice Department to investigate Lugod's actions and alleged profiling of African Americans.
Is there a world-wide epidemic of "health care serial killers" (killer nurses?). Or is there an epidemic of falsely accused health care serial killers? Analysis of the case of Lucia de Berk together with discussion of the role of statistics - in that case, and in forensic statistics in general
The document provides a 5-step guide for writing psychology essays through the website HelpWriting.net. It describes the process of creating an account, submitting a request for paper writing help by completing an order form, reviewing bids from writers and selecting one, reviewing the completed paper, and having the option to request revisions. The overall summary is that the document outlines the 5-step process for obtaining psychology paper writing assistance through the HelpWriting.net website.
CNN is owned by Turner Broadcasting System. CNN covers crime and violence daily as it occurs worldwide. On their website, articles about crime and violence can be found under the "U.S." and "World" sections. One article describes an alleged school shooting plot that was foiled in Virginia, presenting details of the incident and arrests. NY Times is owned by The New York Times Company and covers crime and violence routinely as events occur nationally. Articles can be found on the newspaper and website under topics like "Crime" and "Criminal Sentences." Fox News is owned by 21st Century Fox and covers crime, violence and entertainment regularly on their channel and website from credible sources worldwide.
This document discusses several famous whistleblowers and the ethical issues surrounding their leaks of classified information. It summarizes the cases of Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers, warrantless wiretapping exposed by the New York Times, Valerie Plame's leaked CIA identity, Chelsea Manning's leak of government files to WikiLeaks, Edward Snowden's exposure of NSA surveillance programs, and the Obama administration's aggressive prosecution of leakers. Throughout, it raises questions about whether and how whistleblowers could or should be protected from prosecution when their leaks appear to serve the public interest in government transparency and accountability.
Reasons School Should Start Later EssaySarah Camacho
The document provides instructions for a secret mission to shrink medical experts and send them inside a sick woman's body to investigate and treat a dangerous infection in her lung. The team will be injected into the woman's artery and must travel to her lung while avoiding detection by the body's defenses. Their miniaturized state allows only a 2-hour window for treatment before the body views them as a threat.
The document provides instructions for writing a research paper through an online service called HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with valid email and password; 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and receive a refund if plagiarized. The document encourages using this service for research paper writing assistance.
How To Write An Illustrative Essay Topics - Ackland WritingKimberly Pulley
The document provides instructions for creating an account and placing an order on the HelpWriting.net website for essay writing assistance. It outlines the 5 step process: 1) create an account, 2) complete the order form, 3) review writer bids and select one, 4) review the completed paper and authorize payment, and 5) request revisions if needed and know the site guarantees original work or a refund. The document aims to clearly explain the process for obtaining writing help from HelpWriting.net.
The document discusses the challenges of studying history objectively. It uses a hypothetical example of candidates for world leader to illustrate how the selection and omission of facts can influence opinions. While the third candidate seems most moral, they are revealed to be Adolf Hitler. The document argues historians must consider their own biases, be aware not all evidence may be available, and how facts can be selectively presented to shape historical understanding for political purposes.
Scholarship Essay Write A Short Paragraph About YouChristina Boetel
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request on the HelpWriting.net website in order to receive assistance with writing assignments. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email; 2) Complete a form with assignment details and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions until satisfied. The document emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed, with refunds offered for plagiarized work.
The Landlady - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. The Landlady By Roald Daul - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Analysis, Summary and Themes of "The Landlady" by Roald Dahl. Landlady by Roald Dahl - Assignments for the class on the short story .... Why I Love Teaching Roald Dahl's Short Story The Landlady.
The Landlady - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. The Landlady By Roald Daul - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Analysis, Summary and Themes of "The Landlady" by Roald Dahl. Landlady by Roald Dahl - Assignments for the class on the short story .... Why I Love Teaching Roald Dahl's Short Story The Landlady.
The document provides steps for writing academic essays on HelpWriting.net, including registering for an account, completing an order form to request an essay, reviewing writer bids and choosing a writer, receiving the completed paper for review, and requesting revisions if needed. Writers on the site aim to provide original, high-quality content and offer refunds for plagiarized work.
Breast Cancer Essay Contest. Online assignment writing service.Deb Reaser
The document discusses conducting fieldwork in Allen County, Indiana, located in Fort Wayne. Allen County covers 110.6 square miles and Fort Wayne has a population of 258,522 people. Three rivers run through Fort Wayne - the St. Joseph, St. Mary's, and Maumee rivers which converge within the city.
This document provides an excerpt from the book "Not in God's Name" by Jonathan Sacks. The excerpt discusses the re-emergence of religion as a global force and how the West was unprepared for this change. It describes how religiously motivated violence has continued since 9/11 and the rise of extremist groups like Al-Qaeda and ISIS. The document suggests students use this paragraph to summarize the wars of religion since the beginning of the century by selecting three striking facts with names, places, and results. It prompts analyzing the causes and effects of religiously motivated terrorism and evaluating arguments that not all terrorism or evil is religiously motivated.
This document analyzes how various news sources have reported on self-immolations by Tibetans protesting Chinese rule in Tibet. It finds that most sources categorize the acts as political protests, though some Chinese sources call them suicide. The document also notes that rhetoric and language used can influence how readers view the issue. There is lack of media coverage likely due to China restricting access and punishing reporting on the protests. The conclusion is that, however defined, the self-immolations deserve recognition as cries for help by the Tibetan people against a political problem being ignored.
Hume had four arguments against the existence of miracles: 1) Witnesses are often unreliable due to being uneducated or poor. 2) Wishful thinking and a desire to increase faith can lead people to believe and spread false miracle claims. 3) Ancient sources cannot be fully trusted due to advances in science explaining past events and exaggeration over time. 4) Different religions each claim miracles but the miracles contradict each other, so they cannot all be correct.
Lynne stewart re sentenced to 10 years – u.s. justice sentenced to deathLight Upon Light
Lynne Stewart, a lawyer who represented Omar Abdel Rahman, was re-sentenced to 10 years in prison for releasing one of Rahman's statements to the media. The statement called for negotiations between an Islamic group and the Egyptian government. Stewart was convicted of providing material support to terrorists for releasing this statement. However, the document argues that Stewart was actually being punished for her lifelong advocacy for justice, and that her re-sentencing marks a decline in freedom of expression and a fair judicial process in the U.S. It claims the U.S. is becoming less democratic and more repressive of dissent.
The document summarizes criminal law concepts related to assault, wrongful restraint, grievous hurt, and murder. It defines key terms like assault, grievous hurt, wrongful restraint, and culpable homicide. It also discusses related legal cases and provides punishments for various offenses under the Indian Penal Code.
Law Relating to Culpable Homicide & Murder in India.Nilendra Kumar
This document provides an overview of homicide laws in India. It defines different types of homicide such as culpable homicide, murder, and exceptions. Culpable homicide is the killing of a human being without intent to cause death. Murder is a more serious form requiring intent to kill. Lawful homicide includes cases done to uphold the law or in self-defense. Unlawful types include culpable homicide, murder, suicide and homicide by negligent acts. The key aspects of murder under IPC Section 300 are discussed along with illustrations.
The document discusses hurt and grievous hurt offenses under Sections 319 to 338 of the Indian Penal Code of 1860. It defines hurt and grievous hurt and outlines various voluntarily caused offenses and their corresponding punishments. The objective is to protect people from injury and allow victims support under the Code. While the Code deters revenge attacks, diseases transmitted are not clearly addressed. Suggestions include a separate section for offenses leading to death. In conclusion, the punishments follow Newton's third law of equal and opposite reactions.
Respondent Sanchez, a municipal assessor, was found guilty of sexually harassing three female employees. For the first two complaints, he received penalties of reprimand and 30 day suspension. For his third offense against Narvasa, where he pulled her towards him and attempted to kiss her, the mayor deemed this to be grave sexual harassment and dismissed Sanchez. The CSC affirmed this penalty. However, the CA downgraded the offense to simple misconduct and imposed a lighter penalty of one month and one day suspension. The Supreme Court ruled that Sanchez' actions constituted grave misconduct as sexual harassment is a serious offense related to the performance of his duties as a public official. His dismissal was proper.
Omahan says he was wrongly held at gunpoint in 2013 by police officer in fata...Thomas Freeman
An Omaha man, T. Arthur Haskin, says he was wrongly detained at gunpoint in 2013 by Officer Alvin Lugod who is now under investigation for a fatal shooting. Haskin filed a complaint against Lugod for injuring his back and wrists while handcuffed during the detention, but an internal police investigation cleared Lugod of wrongdoing. Haskin remains upset that Lugod still has a badge given his reckless behavior. He is asking the Justice Department to investigate Lugod's actions and alleged profiling of African Americans.
Is there a world-wide epidemic of "health care serial killers" (killer nurses?). Or is there an epidemic of falsely accused health care serial killers? Analysis of the case of Lucia de Berk together with discussion of the role of statistics - in that case, and in forensic statistics in general
The document provides a 5-step guide for writing psychology essays through the website HelpWriting.net. It describes the process of creating an account, submitting a request for paper writing help by completing an order form, reviewing bids from writers and selecting one, reviewing the completed paper, and having the option to request revisions. The overall summary is that the document outlines the 5-step process for obtaining psychology paper writing assistance through the HelpWriting.net website.
CNN is owned by Turner Broadcasting System. CNN covers crime and violence daily as it occurs worldwide. On their website, articles about crime and violence can be found under the "U.S." and "World" sections. One article describes an alleged school shooting plot that was foiled in Virginia, presenting details of the incident and arrests. NY Times is owned by The New York Times Company and covers crime and violence routinely as events occur nationally. Articles can be found on the newspaper and website under topics like "Crime" and "Criminal Sentences." Fox News is owned by 21st Century Fox and covers crime, violence and entertainment regularly on their channel and website from credible sources worldwide.
This document discusses several famous whistleblowers and the ethical issues surrounding their leaks of classified information. It summarizes the cases of Daniel Ellsberg and the Pentagon Papers, warrantless wiretapping exposed by the New York Times, Valerie Plame's leaked CIA identity, Chelsea Manning's leak of government files to WikiLeaks, Edward Snowden's exposure of NSA surveillance programs, and the Obama administration's aggressive prosecution of leakers. Throughout, it raises questions about whether and how whistleblowers could or should be protected from prosecution when their leaks appear to serve the public interest in government transparency and accountability.
Reasons School Should Start Later EssaySarah Camacho
The document provides instructions for a secret mission to shrink medical experts and send them inside a sick woman's body to investigate and treat a dangerous infection in her lung. The team will be injected into the woman's artery and must travel to her lung while avoiding detection by the body's defenses. Their miniaturized state allows only a 2-hour window for treatment before the body views them as a threat.
The document provides instructions for writing a research paper through an online service called HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with valid email and password; 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and receive a refund if plagiarized. The document encourages using this service for research paper writing assistance.
How To Write An Illustrative Essay Topics - Ackland WritingKimberly Pulley
The document provides instructions for creating an account and placing an order on the HelpWriting.net website for essay writing assistance. It outlines the 5 step process: 1) create an account, 2) complete the order form, 3) review writer bids and select one, 4) review the completed paper and authorize payment, and 5) request revisions if needed and know the site guarantees original work or a refund. The document aims to clearly explain the process for obtaining writing help from HelpWriting.net.
The document discusses the challenges of studying history objectively. It uses a hypothetical example of candidates for world leader to illustrate how the selection and omission of facts can influence opinions. While the third candidate seems most moral, they are revealed to be Adolf Hitler. The document argues historians must consider their own biases, be aware not all evidence may be available, and how facts can be selectively presented to shape historical understanding for political purposes.
Scholarship Essay Write A Short Paragraph About YouChristina Boetel
The document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting a request on the HelpWriting.net website in order to receive assistance with writing assignments. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email; 2) Complete a form with assignment details and deadline; 3) Review bids from writers and choose one; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions until satisfied. The document emphasizes that original, high-quality content is guaranteed, with refunds offered for plagiarized work.
The Landlady - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. The Landlady By Roald Daul - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Analysis, Summary and Themes of "The Landlady" by Roald Dahl. Landlady by Roald Dahl - Assignments for the class on the short story .... Why I Love Teaching Roald Dahl's Short Story The Landlady.
The Landlady - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. The Landlady By Roald Daul - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. Analysis, Summary and Themes of "The Landlady" by Roald Dahl. Landlady by Roald Dahl - Assignments for the class on the short story .... Why I Love Teaching Roald Dahl's Short Story The Landlady.
The document provides steps for writing academic essays on HelpWriting.net, including registering for an account, completing an order form to request an essay, reviewing writer bids and choosing a writer, receiving the completed paper for review, and requesting revisions if needed. Writers on the site aim to provide original, high-quality content and offer refunds for plagiarized work.
Breast Cancer Essay Contest. Online assignment writing service.Deb Reaser
The document discusses conducting fieldwork in Allen County, Indiana, located in Fort Wayne. Allen County covers 110.6 square miles and Fort Wayne has a population of 258,522 people. Three rivers run through Fort Wayne - the St. Joseph, St. Mary's, and Maumee rivers which converge within the city.
This document provides an excerpt from the book "Not in God's Name" by Jonathan Sacks. The excerpt discusses the re-emergence of religion as a global force and how the West was unprepared for this change. It describes how religiously motivated violence has continued since 9/11 and the rise of extremist groups like Al-Qaeda and ISIS. The document suggests students use this paragraph to summarize the wars of religion since the beginning of the century by selecting three striking facts with names, places, and results. It prompts analyzing the causes and effects of religiously motivated terrorism and evaluating arguments that not all terrorism or evil is religiously motivated.
This document analyzes how various news sources have reported on self-immolations by Tibetans protesting Chinese rule in Tibet. It finds that most sources categorize the acts as political protests, though some Chinese sources call them suicide. The document also notes that rhetoric and language used can influence how readers view the issue. There is lack of media coverage likely due to China restricting access and punishing reporting on the protests. The conclusion is that, however defined, the self-immolations deserve recognition as cries for help by the Tibetan people against a political problem being ignored.
Hume had four arguments against the existence of miracles: 1) Witnesses are often unreliable due to being uneducated or poor. 2) Wishful thinking and a desire to increase faith can lead people to believe and spread false miracle claims. 3) Ancient sources cannot be fully trusted due to advances in science explaining past events and exaggeration over time. 4) Different religions each claim miracles but the miracles contradict each other, so they cannot all be correct.
Terrorism causes, effects, and solutionsSrun Sakada
This document defines terrorism and discusses its causes and impacts. Terrorism is defined by the FBI and US Department of Defense as the unlawful use or threat of violence against people or property to intimidate for political goals. It discusses two types of terrorism: national (directed internally without foreign influence) and international (foreign-based or directed). Causes mentioned include social/political injustice, belief that violence achieves goals, religion, illiteracy, and injustice. Impacts involve economic losses from death/damage, societal fear and suspicion, and complicated international politics. Solutions proposed are education to understand cultural differences, eliminating root causes like funding sources, and addressing injustices that radicalize individuals.
This document discusses cultural and social mobility in America. It notes that cultural mobility, or access to institutions and practices, has increased due to technology development. However, social mobility was historically low, trapping many in poverty across generations. Recent presidents took steps to increase social mobility through programs like land grant colleges and Medicare/Medicaid. However, some argue social mobility is now decreasing, threatening the American Dream ideal that hard work leads to success.
Chapter 12 - Getting the Story Right and Being Fair - JNL-2105 - Journalism E...Linda Austin
This presentation teaches journalism students how to be accurate by verifying information and avoiding hoaxes. It also teaches fairness, including avoiding confirmation bias. It goes with Chapter 12 of The Ethical Journalist by Gene Foreman. Professor Linda Austin created it for her JNL-2105 journalism ethics students at the National Management College in Yangon, Myanmar.
What is miracle. Is it only explicable things or There are some scientific laws. definition of miracle...what is it..philosophers and religious view about miracles..criticism about miracles...people's view about miracles from different perspective..
Similar to News values, gatekeeping, framing, agenda-setting and peace journalism (20)
Journalism research at University of Central LancashireAndrew Hobbs
The document outlines four research projects being conducted by journalism professors at UCLan, including Dr Amy Binns' research on social media abuse of journalists and a new Twitter analysis tool, Dr Francois Nel, Clare Cook, and John Mills' work on innovation and new business models in journalism, Dr George Ogola's book on how fiction was used politically in Kenyan newspapers, and Dr Andrew Hobbs' new book on 19th-century local newspapers and local identity. Dr Binns and Dr Ogola also regularly contribute to The Conversation.
Using newspapers in historical researchAndrew Hobbs
The document discusses using newspapers as sources for research. It provides a case study of researching the history of Preston's newspapers and the Winckley Club. It also outlines tips for practicing newspaper research, including searching digital archives, microfilm, and original prints. Finally, it lists over 50 newspapers published in Preston between 1800-1900 and notes the strengths and weaknesses of using newspapers as historical sources.
Crossing the borders of amateur/professional and activist/journalist in the V...Andrew Hobbs
This document discusses the blurred lines between amateur and professional writers and activists and journalists in Victorian local newspapers. It provides examples of the types of content written, from news to essays to poetry. The writers included full-time paid journalists, part-time local correspondents, unpaid contributors, letter writers, experts, and activists. The publications ranged from typical local papers to those composed entirely of content from readers or paid writers.
History as journalistic discourse in 19th-century British local newspapersAndrew Hobbs
This paper argues that the local weekly newspaper was the most popular platform for the publishing of history in the 19th century. This finding, based on quantitative content analysis, has far-reaching implications for the history of publishing, for historiography, and for the history of journalism.
The paper gives a brief background to the scale and content of local newspaper publishing, presents the quantitative evidence for newspapers’ leading role in history publishing, and compares the quantity of content published in newspapers, magazines and books. A typology of historical content in local newspapers is offered, with examples including chronologies, news of archaeological finds, dedicated ‘Notes and Queries’-style columns, folklore, dialect and wholesale scholarly transcription of historical sources. While historical topics from across the world were covered, the focus was on local history.
This huge mass of history writing was produced mainly by gentleman amateurs, local newspaper editors, and readers, all part of a ‘local history community’ (Kidd). These individuals also wrote books and articles for transactions of learned societies and for popular magazines. Local history material often moved from the columns of local newspapers into books, usually published from the same newspaper office. The scale of 19th-century local newspaper publishing and the popularity of local history articles, suggests that historical writing, often of a high scholarly standing, reached all levels of society, regardless of class, gender or literacy. The volume of history (and many other genres) disseminated in this way places the weekly local newspaper at the centre of 19th-century writing and publishing.
The paper engages with the conference theme in two ways. First, history is part of the language of journalism as a discursive field (Zelizer and Tenenboim-Weinblatt, eds), seen in historical context, chronologies and commemorations, for example. These and other journalistic discourses gain added power when allied to local identities, for which memory and continuity are central. Place, and sense of place, deserve more attention in book history. Second, the centrality of newspapers and magazines in 19th-century publishing once again highlights the difficulties of the term ‘history of the book’. The bulk of 19th-century publishing -- in terms of material objects produced, volume of material of almost any genre published, numbers of writers and numbers of readers -- is in fact the publishing of newspapers and magazines, with books in distant third place. But the language of ‘book history’ misleads us and distorts our scholarship.
The local paper: The premier history publisher of the Victorian era?Andrew Hobbs
Preliminary study of history publishing in weekly local newspapers of the Victorian era. Quantitative analysis suggests that more history was published in local papers than in books, which promises to change our ideas about how the public consumed history writing
Handout: https://www.academia.edu/17539107/The_local_paper_The_premier_history_publisher_of_the_Victorian_era
How news organisations used video footage of the Lee Rigby killersAndrew Hobbs
Analysis of how the media used cameraphone footage of the killers of Lee Rigby in Woolwich, London, May 2013
Lecture for JNC001 Journalism Issues, journalism foundation module, University of Central Lancashire
The winter Olympics is a major international sporting event held every four years where athletes from different countries compete for medals in various winter sports like skiing, snowboarding, ice hockey, figure skating, luge, bobsleigh, and more. Countries are tracked on a medal table based on their gold, silver, and bronze achievements in the competitions. A map shows which countries medaled and which did not in the most recent winter Olympics.
A brief history of the 20th-century English county magazineAndrew Hobbs
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3. Q: How do you
know which
stuff is news?
A: Don’t know.
It’s just instinct.
4. Q: How do
journalists
know which
stuff is news?
A: They learn from
other journalists
A: They follow the
unwritten rules of news
values
5. Gatekeeping
How decide:
• This is news -- allowed through the gate
• That is not news -- not allowed through the gate?
News values (Galtung & Ruge; O’Neill & Harcup)
6. News values
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The Power Elite: Stories about powerful individuals, organisations or institutions.
Celebrity: Stories concerning people who are already famous.
Entertainment: Stories about sex, showbiz, human interest, animals, an unfolding
drama, or offering opportunities for humorous treatment, entertaining photos or
witty headlines.
Surprise: Stories that have an element of surprise and/or contrast.
Bad News: Stories with particularly negative overtones, such as conflict or tragedy.
Good News: Stories with particularly positive overtones such as rescues and cures.
Magnitude: Stories that are perceived as suffi ciently signifi cant either in the
numbers of people involved or in the potential impact.
Relevance: Stories about issues, groups and nations perceived to be relevant to the
audience.
Follow-up: Stories about subjects already in the news.
Newspaper Agenda: Stories that set or fit the news organization’s own agenda.
Harcup & O’Neill (2001)
7. Other factors affecting story selection
• A topic that won’t get the journalist arrested
• A topic that can be covered cheaply
• A topic supporting the national interest
8. Are news values …
• Neutral, objective?
• Biased to the status quo and the powerful?
9. ‘Accidental bias’ caused by working
methods (Tuchman)
e.g. News Frames (journalists call them ‘angles’)
2 Israeli frames for Israel-Palestine conflict:
• Peace process
• Security/terrorism
Both are true – which one do journalists
emphasise?
11. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshipers Dead
Indian devotees fall into a river and drown after panic spreads at
a spot where 500,000 people had gathered for a Hindu festival.
Possible frames:
• Tragic accident
• Police stupidity kills worshippers
• Chaotic organisation leads to temple deaths
• Deadly stampedes keep happening, no one stops them
12. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshipers Dead
Indian devotees fall into a river and drown after panic spreads at
a spot where 500,000 people had gathered for a Hindu festival.
Possible frames:
• Tragic accident
• Police stupidity kills worshippers
• Chaotic organisation leads to temple deaths
• Deadly stampedes keep happening, no one stops them
14. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Possible frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Politicians distracted by electioneering
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
Tragic accident
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
15. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Possible frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Politicians distracted by electioneering
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
TRAGIC ACCIDENT
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
16. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Possible frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Politicians distracted by electioneering
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
TRAGIC ACCIDENT
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
17. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Possible frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Politicians distracted by electioneering
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
TRAGIC ACCIDENT
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
18. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Possible frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Politicians distracted by electioneering
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
TRAGIC ACCIDENT
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
19. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Possible frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Politicians distracted by electioneering
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
TRAGIC ACCIDENT
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
20. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Possible frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Politicians distracted by electioneering
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
TRAGIC ACCIDENT
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
21. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Possible frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Politicians distracted by electioneering
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
TRAGIC ACCIDENT
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
23. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Sources for frames
Too few police
Innocent worshippers
Rumours caused panic
Poor crowd control
2nd deadly stampede in 7 years
Corruption
Politicians distracted by elections
Proof there is no god
Police to blame
Greedy, careless temple authorities
Source: Survivor distracted by electioneering government
Politicians
Source: State
More than 100 dead
Judicial inquiry launched
Grief
Bridge rebuilt after 2007 stampede
Previous deadly stampedes
TRAGIC ACCIDENT
Worshippers to blame
Prime Minister’s sadness
Source: Police
Source: Prime Minister
24. Temple Stampede: At Least 109 Worshippers Dead
Sources for frames
• Mainly official, powerful people
• Easy to contact
• Their version is usually the first version – ‘primary
definers’
• Journalists more likely to trust official sources
Source: Survivor
Source: Police
Source: State government
Source: Prime Minister
25. All sources are not equal
Journalists distinguish between …
‘Arbiter’ sources, who set terms
of debate and are seen as
disinterested or authoritative
‘Advocates', associated
with a particular
position
(Deacon & Golding 1994)
26. Journalism for war or peace?
Unintended consequences of
journalistic work habits
Journalists need …
Peacemakers need …
27. Journalism for war or peace?
Unintended consequences of
journalistic work habits
Journalists need …
Peacemakers need …
Immediacy
Patience
28. Journalism for war or peace?
Unintended consequences of
journalistic work habits
Journalists need …
Peacemakers need …
Immediacy
Drama, threats, violence
Patience
Calm environment
29. Journalism for war or peace?
Unintended consequences of
journalistic work habits
Journalists need …
Peacemakers need …
Immediacy
Drama, threats, violence
Patience
Calm environment
Simple events
Understanding of complexity
30. Journalism for war or peace?
Unintended consequences of
journalistic work habits
Journalists need …
Peacemakers need …
Immediacy
Drama, threats, violence
Patience
Calm environment
Simple events
Understanding of complexity
Goodies vs. baddies, ‘us’ and
‘them’
Understanding of the other
point of view
31. Journalism for war or peace?
Unintended consequences of
journalistic work habits
Journalists need …
Peacemakers need …
Immediacy
Drama, threats, violence
Patience
Calm environment
Simple events
Understanding of complexity
Goodies vs. baddies, ‘us’ and
‘them’
Understanding of the other
point of view
Journalist’s choice:
To frame the story as conflict, or a search for peace
(Wolfsfeld 2001)
32. Factors in media impact on
peacemaking
(1) amount of consensus among political elites
in support of peace
(2) number and intensity of crises associated
with the process
(3) shared media, used by both sides of the
conflict
(4) level of sensationalism in media ecology
(Wolfsfeld 2001)
33. Israel/Palestine vs. Northern Ireland
Factor
Israel/
Palestine
Northern
Ireland
Consensus for peace among political
elites
No./intensity of crises
No
Yes
Many
Few
Shared media
Sensationalism
No
Yes
Yes
No
(Wolfsfeld 2001)
35. Journalist as selector
Gatekeeper
Selecting bits of reality,
making them news
But … The best
journalists seek
out less powerful
sources, so the
stories of the
less powerful are
heard.
News values
This is news, that
is not – creating
a news agenda
(agenda setting)
Q: Whose story is
told first and
loudest?
A: The story told by
people in power.
Selecting story
elements/
frames/angles
Easy availability
of sources
dictates
availability of
frames
Editor's Notes
News values – research based on Western journalism
Frames used in Sky video
Frames used in Sky video
Frames used in Sky video
Frames used in Sky video
Frames used in Sky video
Frames used in Sky video
Frames used in Sky videoOrdering/sequencing of frames important – gives message about relative importance
Frames used in Sky videoHow much is missed out
What’s the source for grief? – reporter’s observation/interpretation?
3 out of 4 sources are official, powerfulHigh-status sources give the first version of a story -- Hall et al (1978): 'primary definers' of realityWolfsfeld: ‘The news media’s almost exclusive dependence on institutional sources severely limits the range of public debate and marginalizes public opinion.’
What journalists need … they would say it’s also what audiences need. Is that true?
What journalists need … they would say it’s also what audiences need. Is that true?
What journalists need … they would say it’s also what audiences need. Is that true?
What journalists need … they would say it’s also what audiences need. Is that true?
What journalists need … they would say it’s also what audiences need. Is that true?
What journalists need … they would say it’s also what audiences need. Is that true?
Should journalists have a commitment to peace, or a commitment to their national interests?
Wolfsfeld12 ‘When a wide level of elite consensus exists , one frame tends to dominate media discourse , and few questions are raised about its validity. As the level of opposition grows, alternative frames emerge, and this competition is reflected in changing media coverage.’Vietnam: started with Cold War frame – anti-war frames ignored or labelled deviant