The document provides information about New Zealand's history, geography, economy, and government. It states that New Zealand was originally inhabited by the Maori people and then colonized by Britain in the 1800s. It gained independence in 1907. The country has a parliamentary democracy and its economy relies heavily on agriculture, particularly exporting wool and lamb. Its landscape and climate are more mountainous and wet compared to Australia.

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Section 1 Australia
Location Why is Australia called the Land
Down Under?
It is called the Land Down Under because
it is in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Economics What does Australia lead the
world in producing and exporting?
Australia leads the world in producing and
exporting wool.
Section 1 Australia

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History What country colonized Australia?
Great Britain colonized Australia.
Section 1 Australia

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• People called the Maoris are the
natives of New Zealand. 
• They probably came from islands far to
the northeast. 
• In the 1800s, British settlers arrived. 
• In the 1860s, a war broke out between
the British and Maoris, which the
Maoris lost.
• New Zealand became a British
Colony (pages 645–646)
New Zealand’s History and People

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• In 1893 the colony became the
first land to give women the right to
vote. 
• New Zealand was also among the
first places in which the government
gave help to people who were old,
sick, or out of work. 
• New Zealand became independent in
1907. 
• Wellington is the country’s capital.
• Main Sport - Rugby
New Zealand’s History and People
(cont.)
(pages 645–646)

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What type of government does New
Zealand have?
New Zealand has a parliamentary
democracy in which elected
representatives choose a prime
minister to head the government.
(pages 645–646)

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(pages 643–644)
New Zealand’s Land
• In contrast to Australia’s flat, dry land,
New Zealand is mountainous and
very green. 
• Its climate is mild and wet. 
• New Zealand consists of two main
islands–North Island and South
Island–and many smaller islands. 
• On North Island you find geysers, or
hot springs that spout hot steam and
water through a crack in the earth.

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• New Zealand sits on top of the molten
rock that forms volcanoes. 
• As a result, it is rich in geothermal
energy, electricity produced from
steam. 
• The major source of energy, however,
is hydroelectric power—electricity
generated by flowing water.
(page 645)
New Zealand’s Economy (cont.)

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• The Southern Alps run along South
Island’s western coast. 
• Glaciers lie on mountain slopes above
green forests and sparkling blue lakes. 
• These glaciers once cut deep fjords, or
steep-sided valleys, into the mountains.
New Zealand’s Land (cont.)
(pages 643–644)

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(page 645)
New Zealand’s Economy
• New Zealand has a thriving
agricultural economy. 
• Wool and lamb meat are important
exports. 2nd largest producer of wool
in the world.

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What is New Zealand’s national
symbol?
New Zealand has unique wildlife. A
flightless bird called the kiwi is the
national symbol.
(pages 643–644)

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• New Zealand’s dependence on trade
brings both benefits and dangers. 
• If the economies of other countries are
growing quickly, demand for goods from
New Zealand will rise. 
• If the other economies slow, however,
they will buy fewer products. 
• This can cause hardship on the islands.
New Zealand’s Economy (cont.)
(page 645)

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What type of government does New
Zealand have?
New Zealand has a parliamentary
democracy in which elected
representatives choose a prime
minister to head the government.
(pages 645–646)

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Recalling Facts
Region How do New Zealand’s land and
climate compare to Australia’s?
New Zealand is smaller, more
mountainous, and wetter than Australia.

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Section 2 New Zealand
History When did New Zealand gain its
independence from Britain?
New Zealand gained its independence
from Britain in 1907.

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Section 2 New Zealand
Economics Why can New Zealand’s
economy suffer if other countries have
economic problems?
New Zealand’s economy can suffer
because it depends heavily on trade. If
other countries’ economies suffer, they
will be less willing to buy goods from New
Zealand.

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Section 2 New Zealand
Human/Environment Interaction What
leisure activities do New Zealanders enjoy
that are made possible by the country’s
climate?
New Zealanders enjoy camping, hiking,
hunting, boating, and mountain climbing.

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Economics What two animal products are
important exports for New Zealand?
Wool and lamb meat are important exports.
Recalling Facts (cont.)

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History Most of New Zealand’s people
are descendants of settlers from what
European country?
They are descendants of settlers from the
United Kingdom.
Recalling Facts (cont.)

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Analyzing Information Why do you think
New Zealand’s government guarantees the
Maoris a certain number of seats in the
parliament?
Possible answer: The government
guarantees the Maoris seats to protect
their rights.
Critical Thinking

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Making Predictions With so many
different peoples settling in New Zealand,
how do you think the country’s culture
might change?
Possible answer: The country will probably
develop a more diverse culture.
Critical Thinking (cont.)