New Study: Anesthesia is Safe for Young Children Who Have Undergone Surgery
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A new research study focusing on how to analyze if anesthesia negatively affects developmental capabilities in children less than 3 years old.
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The Effect of Breastfeeding on
Children’s Cognition
Alghamdi
Comparative Analysis
Research Question what are the effects of breastfeeding on children’s cognition?
This analysis is intended to summarize the two studies of interest and attempt to answer the research question.
Study one: Breastfeeding and child cognitive outcomes
Study two: The effect of breastfeeding on child development at 5 years: A cohort study
Article #1 Summary
Conducted by: Jiang, M., Foster, E., & Gibson-Davis
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Article # 1 Summary(Methodology)
Design
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Materials
Tests
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2-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) tests, which examines children’s capability to deal with information in memory( working memory).
Article # 1 Summary(Methodology)
Materials(Continue)
The Child Development Supplement(CDS)
is a part of The Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The participants and their families where selected from CDS. Also, CDS provides information concerning children and their families, such as cognitive abilities, children’s families and neighborhood conditions (Health).
1997 CDS interviews
Previous literature
CDS Data
Article # 1 (Methodology)
Data collection procedures
Variables
1-Cognition data were collected from tests mentioned.
2-Breastfeeding initiation and period are the independent variables and were collected from 1997 CDS interviews. Breastfeeding can be divided into four groups: not once breastfeed, less that 6 months, between 7 months and year and more than a year.
3- Confounding variables were collected from lit review, CDS and PSID. There are three groups of confounding variables:
Article # 1 (Methodology)
A-Children confounding variables
B-Mothers confounding variables, such as IQ scores taken from 1997 CDS, education and age.
C-Family confounding variables, such as income since the child birth.
Note: there are many confounding variables that had been investigated. However, there is no space to mention them here.
Article # 1 (Methodology)
Data analysis Procedures
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Calculati ...
Epidemiological studies
Epidemiological studies aim to investigate factors while controlling for variables, though this can be difficult with human subjects whose lives vary greatly. Longitudinal studies follow the same group over long periods, like a US study tracking 100,000 children from birth to age 21 to examine environmental and genetic impacts on health. Evaluating scientific studies requires assessing valid methodology, precise measurements, reproducibility, potential biases, and disclosures of researchers and funders. Epidemiological research identifies risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, distinguishing between fixed factors like genes and modifiable factors impacted by individual choices.
Due Monday August 22, 2016 8am $40.00 please be 100 original OP.docx
Due Monday August 22, 2016 8am
$40.00 please be 100% original
OPPOSITIONAL DISORDER DISEASE
The research paper will be any disease or condition of the body. The paper must include a thorough description of the disease/condition; current statistics of those affected - epidemiology; financial costs both terms of treatment and loss of productivity; explanations on how the various body systems (anatomically and/or physiologically) are affected; etiology; medications/treatments that are available; prognosis of those affected, and future outlook in general.
Research paper must have 1200 words no more then 1500 not to include abstract,cover paper,annotate.
* cover/title page (page 1)
* corrected abstract (page 2) ( abstract paper turn in I am missing a lot of work )
Must be in the abstract
Statistic/ Epidemiology
Financial cost
Anatomy & Physiology
Etiology (cause)
Diagnosis/ treatment/ prognosis
Abstract
In recent a post, oppositional disorder diseases has been on the rise, raising questions about the manner in which diseases is spreading especially among children. The high prevalence levels of the oppositional disorder have raised more concerns especially form the health, sectors thus developing the need to understand the disorder better. This research paper will, therefore, encompass a broad perspective of oppositional disorder disease to effectively understand how it is manifested, various ways in which it manifests itself to develop preventive strategy much earlier before the situation reaches full-blown.
Unlike the common conduct disorder where the patient is more aggressive towards people and animals, the oppositional disorder is more silent, and it takes time for it to be detected. The lifetime prevalence of the disease is estimated to be 10.2%. The disease is mostly observed in children and adolescents across the globe.
Some of the common symptoms of the disease involve a certain behavior where children’s behavior is much different compared to their peers. A patient suffering from oppositional disorder tends to have a turn in their behavior including regular loose of temper, being angry and resentful, argues with authorities without any significant reason. It is importance to note that the persistence and frequency of these behaviors should be used to differentiate between normal behavior and symptoms of the oppositional disorder. The disease causes a massive effect on patient’s mental and physical wellbeing.
The most common cause of the oppositional disorder is the genetic influence. Research has shown that parents tend to pass on expressing disorder to their children, and it may be displayed in multiple ways. The disease can be easily diagnosed basing on the extent at which the change of behavior causes distress to the family members or drastic changes in academic and social functioning. These behaviors must persist.
Screening Tool for Developmental Disorders in Children
Developmental problems are a diverse group of conditions that affect and limit children and their life-chances. A ready reference for a Paediatrician would be the first six chapters of the latest edition (18th) of the Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics (The Field of Pediatrics, Growth & Development, Psychological Disorders, Social Issues, Children with Special Health Needs and Nutrition and Human Genetics and Metabolic Diseases).
Research methods in health psychology
1) There are two basic types of experimental research designs: randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard as randomization makes treatment groups comparable.
2) There are four main types of observational studies: cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional surveys, and case reports. Cohort studies follow groups over time from exposure to outcome while case-control studies work backwards from an outcome to exposures.
3) Experimental and observational studies both have strengths and weaknesses for evaluating causes and effects in health research. The strongest evidence comes from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of multiple studies.
F. annotated obesity.edited.edited
This annotated bibliography provides summaries for two sources about childhood and adult obesity. The first source is a scholarly article that analyzes childhood obesity trends in the US and finds inconsistencies in predicting future rates due to diversity in demographics. It addresses causes and risk factors of childhood obesity but does not deeply examine perceptions of it. The second source is an article that finds women who experienced childhood maltreatment were more likely to perceive weight discrimination and have smaller increases in BMI. It demonstrates how childhood experiences can trigger adult obesity but does not analyze differences in perceiving childhood versus adult obesity. Both sources will aid the student's research on perceptions of childhood versus adult obesity, though the second source fails to critically compare the two perceptions.
Observational studies.Biostatic and research methodology
This document presents information about observational studies and different types of observational study designs. It discusses cohort studies, including prospective and retrospective cohort studies. It also describes case-control studies and cross-sectional studies. For each study design, it provides details on how the study is conducted and examples. The document is presented by Susmita Ghosh for a course on biostatistics and research methodology.
Dr. Pankaj Naram and Fascinating Major Study On Food
A new study found that food commercials strongly influence children to choose foods based on taste rather than nutrition. The study showed that children respond to food ads and select foods based on taste alone more quickly after viewing commercials featuring "tasty" foods. This highlights the importance of the research for those interested in children's health and fighting childhood obesity, as food ads may encourage children to choose less nutritious options.
Dr. Pankaj Naram and Fascinating Major Study On Food
A new study shows that children are strongly affected by watching food commercials.
Read more http://www.masterhealer.com/
SW 619Infancy and Early Childhood Development of Drug Addicted.docx
SW 619
Infancy and Early Childhood Development of Drug Addicted Children
While in the womb fetus is in the it feeds off the food intake and nourishment through the
placenta, which also means that any substances such as drugs, alcohol or tobacco that enters the
mothers system flows through the placenta and is delivered to the fetus as well. From birth to three
years old is the most critical period in a child’s development process. Children of mothers that use
drugs while they are pregnant increase the likelihood that the child will suffer from some form of
birth defect and oftentimes born prematurely. The lasting effects of prenatal cocaine affect the
growth of the fetus physically. The results of the increase of premature birth, and generalized growth
retardation including decreased birth weight, shorter body length, and smaller head circumference
(Bigsby et al, 2011; Covington et al, 2002; Gouin et al, 2011; Mayes et al, 2003).
These toxic chemicals can sometimes have irreversible damage that affect the child’s normal
development process with regards to proper development of organs and brain function.
From the ages of 0-2 months old a child are expected to have develop motor skills that would
include the ability to recognize different colors and shapes, kicking waving, have the ability to
recognize familiar voices and their sleeping patterns would change, meaning that as they grow older
children should be sleeping a little longer than a new born baby. Children from the ages of 2
months old should be able to extend their arm and reach and pick up toys and other objects,
hand coordination by shifting objects from one hand to another. The child should be able to pick up
finger food and bring it to their mouths. Identifying a problem with a child is when they are not able
to perform these age appropriate task.
A toddler ages 3 to 5 years old should be able to perform task such as holding crayons drawing horizontal lines, circles and have the ability to fold and snip paper with scissors. Children that have been exposed to substance may struggle with completing these tasks or will develop these cognitive skills at a slower rate. One study using play behavior (Rodning, Beckwith, & Howard, 1989a) found that preterm toddlers exposed to cocaine
and other drugs to show poorly developed play behaviors, and a lack of interest and motivation in
unstructured situations, in comparison to a group of high risk preterm children. Using play behavior,
one study found preterm toddlers exposed to cocaine and other drugs to show poorly. However, by
3 years of age, there were no changes associated with fine motor performance or behavior observed
with the child externalizing behavioral problems at age 5 years old. Stress and psychological
symptoms of caregivers were found to be in direct correlation with increased child behavioral issues;
indicating that the effected children may have m.
Final Paper
This document outlines a proposed research study that aims to examine the relationship between childhood family environment and later drug addiction. The study would use a qualitative design with 200 participants recruited from drug rehabilitation centers and correctional facilities across 10 cities. Participants would complete an open-ended interview about their upbringing, which researchers would code into categories related to family influences, social influences, family relations, and other adversities. Data analysis would include reliability testing and a chi-square test to examine correlations between childhood experiences and drug addiction. Obtaining IRB approval would ensure ethical treatment of participants.
Children's longing for everydayness after tbi
This is a interesting subject. Now, if sleep is disturbed after brain injury, which is not in my experienced addressed well in the acute phase of rehab, how about the "self". I've always stated that acute rehab is the simple time. Post-acute and community re-intergration has less resource dedication, knowledge, and research. Look at this article and try to grasp this struggle. With resource utilization focusing on movement there is still a paucity of effort on self and quality of life! Also note that this is reported as the first article looking at the individual for quality concepts.
MedicalResearch.com: Medical Research Interviews Month in Review
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Due Monday August 22, 2016 8am $40.00 please be 100 original OP.docx
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New Study: Anesthesia is Safe for Young Children Who Have Undergone Surgery
- 1. Mason Mandy New Study: Anesthesia is Safe for Young Children Who Have Undergone Surgery masonmandy.net
- 2. A new study recently conducted by Medical Express examines the various ways in which general anesthesia affects children under the age of 3. As the first three years of a child’s life are absolutely critical when it comes to brain development, there has been much debate as to if anesthesia actually poses a cognitive threat or risk to these young children.
- 3. This study, which was conducted by lead researchers at both Columbia University and NY Presbyterian/Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital was on attempting to better understand if general anesthesia negatively impacted various stages of early childhood development such as memory, attention, etc. Since limited medical studies confirmed anesthesia’s detriment, researchers decided to evaluate whether or not this was the case among young children.
- 4. A primary concern that drove this research study was the fact professionals in the greater pediatric field were wary if anesthetic agents negatively affected developing neurosystems.
- 5. Throughout this study, researchers analyzed findings from 105 healthy children who had previously undergone inguinal hernia surgery. Researchers then examined the IQ scores in areas such as processing speed and executive function, and compared these results with those of healthy children in the same age bracket (anywhere from age 8 to 15).
- 6. According to Guohua Li, DrPH, MD, professor of epidemiology at Columbia, the findings from this comprehensive study clearly point to the fact that parents should not be hesitant to have their children undergo procedures or surgeries that require general anesthesia.
- 7. Dr. Sun, a lead researcher in this study confirms that there were no differences in developing capabilities between both groups of children. But, Dr. Sun also states that the group of children exposed to general anesthesia required more clinical evaluation, due to signs of internalizing behavior.
- 8. While the study uncovered salient findings within the field of pediatrics, there are still several unanswered questions that need to be explored in greater detail when researchers revisit this topic again. With the majority of the informants in the study consisted of young boys, the researchers were thus unable to better understand how girls are affected by anesthesia under 3 years old.
- 9. In addition, medical professionals would also need to further explore the various effects of children who have had repeated or prolonged exposure to anesthesia, as well as children with more serious medical conditions. To read more about various findings in this study, please take a look at the Journal of the American Medical Association.