Breast Cancer Facts Women Should Know
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There are an estimated 2.9 million breast cancer survivors in the United States. In 2013, there were approximately 232,340 new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed among women and 39,620 women were expected to die from the disease. Breast cancer incidence and death rates generally increase with age, with 79% of new cases and 88% of breast cancer deaths occurring in women aged 50 and older. Early detection through regular screening is important, as there are several preventative measures women can take like controlling weight, exercising, knowing family history, limiting alcohol, and being aware of hormone replacement therapy risks and benefits.
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This document provides a review of genetic and environmental factors for breast cancer. It begins with an introduction on breast cancer prevalence worldwide and in Africa/Ethiopia specifically. It then outlines the document structure. The body discusses several genetic factors that may increase breast cancer risk, such as mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, p53, PTEN, and STK11 genes. Environmental risk factors mentioned include ionizing radiation, organochlorines, reproductive life factors, exogenous estrogen use, alcohol consumption, and increased age. The conclusion and recommendations sections are not included in the summary.
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4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
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