This interim report summarizes progress on Nevada's 2017-2021 Integrated HIV Prevention and Care Plan through June 2017. For Goal 1 of reducing new HIV infections, key accomplishments include increasing mobile HIV testing vans, improving client notification of testing results, and conducting over 22,000 HIV tests in 2016. Workgroups are discussing strategies to increase targeted testing and community awareness of testing importance and locations. A new website launching in July 2017 aims to improve information on testing sites. Overall, activities show progress with some completed and others ongoing, helping to advance the goals of increasing HIV testing and reducing new infections in Nevada.
Some hospitals have reported returning to pre-COVID-19 volumes for certain services, but the pandemic continues to affect outpatient and surgical volumes, largely due to workforce capacity constraints.
Dr Seth Berkley presents a general update to the Gavi Board meeting in Geneva, reporting on key developments in the global landscape, previous Board decisions, strategic discussion topics and critical findings from partner and performance reviews of the Alliance.
Some hospitals have reported returning to pre-COVID-19 volumes for certain services, but the pandemic continues to affect outpatient and surgical volumes, largely due to workforce capacity constraints.
Dr Seth Berkley presents a general update to the Gavi Board meeting in Geneva, reporting on key developments in the global landscape, previous Board decisions, strategic discussion topics and critical findings from partner and performance reviews of the Alliance.
Alternative approaches for sustaining the HIV and AIDS response in Dominican ...HFG Project
The purpose of this report is to capture and consolidate the suggestions of the Sustainability Group for consideration by the Government of Dominican Republic (GODR) and other relevant stakeholders. GODR will be able to draw from this report when developing its HIV sustainability strategy, revising the National Strategic Plan for HIV (PEN), and developing other planning and policy documents.
Monitoring and evaluation toolkit - Conférence de la 2e édition du Cours international « Atelier Paludisme » - TUSEO Luciano - World Health Organization / Roll Back Malaria - maloms@iris.mg
AIDSTAR-One conducted a 3-year demonstration project in Namibia to reduce heavy drinking and risky sexual behavior among bar patrons in a low-income neighborhood on the outskirts of Namibia's capital, Windhoek. This report describes how the intervention was implemented, monitored, and evaluated, and reports the final assessment results. It also offers key recommendations for future research and programming. http://aidstarone.com/focus_areas/prevention/resources/reports/alcohol_namibia_intervention_report
Investment Case to Fast-Track and Sustain the HIV Response in the Dominican R...HFG Project
La epidemia de VIH en República Dominicana se caracteriza por estar concentrada en poblaciones clave (hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y trabajadoras sexuales), así como también en una población flotante de trabajadores migrantes procedentes de Haití.
La respuesta nacional al VIH ha mostrado considerable progreso, hay una creciente movilización de recursos domésticos para pagar por antiretrovirales, hay información pública sobre el VIH, hay distribución de condones desde servicios públicos y amplio acceso a compra de bolsillo de condones en farmacias privadas. La red de servicios públicos y privados es extensa y presente en todo el país y la afiliación al Seguro Familiar de Salud alcanza a cubrir al 70% de la población. Sin embargo, existen todavía retos para el acceso a servicios de tratamiento y prevención para el VIH, las barreras para el acceso se han asociado a estigma y discriminación para poblaciones claves y esto previene el control eventual de la epidemia de VIH.
OBJECTIVE:
To provide systematic, standardized and high quality wound care in healthcare facilities hence improving patient’s functional outcome and reducing healthcare cost.
Specific Objective:
- To estimate the total burden of wound managed by wound care team in the selected hospitals.
- To determine the characteristic of wound ‐ types of wound, dressing procedures and materials used.
- To assess the outcome of wound care.
- To provide a standardized tool for hospitals to identify targets for quality improvement.
A Sustainable Healthcare Emergency Management Framework: COVID-19 and BeyondHealth Catalyst
With an ever-changing understanding of COVID-19 and a continually fluctuating disease impact, health systems can’t rely on a single, rigid plan to guide their response and recovery efforts. An effective solution is likely a flexible framework that steers hospitals and other providers through four critical phases of a communitywide healthcare emergency:
Prepare for an outbreak.
Prevent transmission.
Recover from an outbreak.
Plan for the future.
The framework must include data-supported surveillance and containment strategies to enhance detection, reduce transmission, and manage capacity and supplies, providing a roadmap to respond to immediate demands and also support a sustainable long-term pandemic response.
Hiv Prevention Nevada #ENDHIV #AIDSFREE#GOMOJO, INC.
Quality Management
The Nevada Ryan White Part B Program is committed to improving the quality of care and services for persons living with HIV and AIDS through continuous quality monitoring and improvement in a comprehensive performance measurement program.
NEVADA STATEWIDE HIV CONTINUUM OF CARE
The Nevada Statewide HIV Care Continuum and HIV Fast Facts shows all HIV/AIDS positive persons in the State of Nevada. This data includes persons who are engaged in care either in private clinics or a Ryan White Program, as well as, persons who are not engaged in care or not connected to a Ryan White Program.
Nevada Statewide HIV Continuum of Care 2017
Nevada Statewide HIV Continuum of Care 2016
2017 HIV Fast Facts
NEVADA RYAN WHITE PART B HIV CONTINUUM OF CARE
The Nevada Ryan White Part B Program HIV Care Cascade shows HIV/AIDS positive persons who have engaged in care and received at lease one service from the Nevada Ryan White Part B Program during the reported year.
HIV Care Cascade Calendar Year 2017
HIV Prevention Data Calendar Year 2017
NEVADA RYAN WHITE PART B QUALITY MANAGEMENT
The mission of the Nevada Ryan White Part B Program Quality Management Program is to improve access and ensure the highest quality medical care and supportive services through continuous evaluation, strategic planning and assessment, and the implementation of quality management and quality improvement projects.
Quality Management Plan 2018-2019
Quality Plan Performance Review 2018 Mid-Year Report
Calendar Year 2018 Reports
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- Age
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- Gender
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- HIV Risk Factor
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- Housing Status
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- Race and Ethnicity
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- All Disparity Data
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- ADAP Assistance
Grant Year 2018-2019 Mid-Year Reports
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-Age
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-Gender
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-HIV Risk Factor
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-Housing
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-Race and Ethnicity
Ryan White Part B Calendar Year 2017 Statistics
If you have any questions concerning Quality Management, please contact the person(s) below:
Samantha Penn, MBA
Management Analyst I
(Quality Assurance & Evaluation Analyst)
Phone: (702) 486-8103
Email: spenn@health.nv.gov
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Alternative approaches for sustaining the HIV and AIDS response in Dominican ...HFG Project
The purpose of this report is to capture and consolidate the suggestions of the Sustainability Group for consideration by the Government of Dominican Republic (GODR) and other relevant stakeholders. GODR will be able to draw from this report when developing its HIV sustainability strategy, revising the National Strategic Plan for HIV (PEN), and developing other planning and policy documents.
Monitoring and evaluation toolkit - Conférence de la 2e édition du Cours international « Atelier Paludisme » - TUSEO Luciano - World Health Organization / Roll Back Malaria - maloms@iris.mg
AIDSTAR-One conducted a 3-year demonstration project in Namibia to reduce heavy drinking and risky sexual behavior among bar patrons in a low-income neighborhood on the outskirts of Namibia's capital, Windhoek. This report describes how the intervention was implemented, monitored, and evaluated, and reports the final assessment results. It also offers key recommendations for future research and programming. http://aidstarone.com/focus_areas/prevention/resources/reports/alcohol_namibia_intervention_report
Investment Case to Fast-Track and Sustain the HIV Response in the Dominican R...HFG Project
La epidemia de VIH en República Dominicana se caracteriza por estar concentrada en poblaciones clave (hombres que tienen sexo con hombres y trabajadoras sexuales), así como también en una población flotante de trabajadores migrantes procedentes de Haití.
La respuesta nacional al VIH ha mostrado considerable progreso, hay una creciente movilización de recursos domésticos para pagar por antiretrovirales, hay información pública sobre el VIH, hay distribución de condones desde servicios públicos y amplio acceso a compra de bolsillo de condones en farmacias privadas. La red de servicios públicos y privados es extensa y presente en todo el país y la afiliación al Seguro Familiar de Salud alcanza a cubrir al 70% de la población. Sin embargo, existen todavía retos para el acceso a servicios de tratamiento y prevención para el VIH, las barreras para el acceso se han asociado a estigma y discriminación para poblaciones claves y esto previene el control eventual de la epidemia de VIH.
OBJECTIVE:
To provide systematic, standardized and high quality wound care in healthcare facilities hence improving patient’s functional outcome and reducing healthcare cost.
Specific Objective:
- To estimate the total burden of wound managed by wound care team in the selected hospitals.
- To determine the characteristic of wound ‐ types of wound, dressing procedures and materials used.
- To assess the outcome of wound care.
- To provide a standardized tool for hospitals to identify targets for quality improvement.
A Sustainable Healthcare Emergency Management Framework: COVID-19 and BeyondHealth Catalyst
With an ever-changing understanding of COVID-19 and a continually fluctuating disease impact, health systems can’t rely on a single, rigid plan to guide their response and recovery efforts. An effective solution is likely a flexible framework that steers hospitals and other providers through four critical phases of a communitywide healthcare emergency:
Prepare for an outbreak.
Prevent transmission.
Recover from an outbreak.
Plan for the future.
The framework must include data-supported surveillance and containment strategies to enhance detection, reduce transmission, and manage capacity and supplies, providing a roadmap to respond to immediate demands and also support a sustainable long-term pandemic response.
Hiv Prevention Nevada #ENDHIV #AIDSFREE#GOMOJO, INC.
Quality Management
The Nevada Ryan White Part B Program is committed to improving the quality of care and services for persons living with HIV and AIDS through continuous quality monitoring and improvement in a comprehensive performance measurement program.
NEVADA STATEWIDE HIV CONTINUUM OF CARE
The Nevada Statewide HIV Care Continuum and HIV Fast Facts shows all HIV/AIDS positive persons in the State of Nevada. This data includes persons who are engaged in care either in private clinics or a Ryan White Program, as well as, persons who are not engaged in care or not connected to a Ryan White Program.
Nevada Statewide HIV Continuum of Care 2017
Nevada Statewide HIV Continuum of Care 2016
2017 HIV Fast Facts
NEVADA RYAN WHITE PART B HIV CONTINUUM OF CARE
The Nevada Ryan White Part B Program HIV Care Cascade shows HIV/AIDS positive persons who have engaged in care and received at lease one service from the Nevada Ryan White Part B Program during the reported year.
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HIV Prevention Data Calendar Year 2017
NEVADA RYAN WHITE PART B QUALITY MANAGEMENT
The mission of the Nevada Ryan White Part B Program Quality Management Program is to improve access and ensure the highest quality medical care and supportive services through continuous evaluation, strategic planning and assessment, and the implementation of quality management and quality improvement projects.
Quality Management Plan 2018-2019
Quality Plan Performance Review 2018 Mid-Year Report
Calendar Year 2018 Reports
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- Age
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- Gender
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- HIV Risk Factor
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- Housing Status
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- Race and Ethnicity
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- All Disparity Data
Viral Suppression by Disparities CY 2018- ADAP Assistance
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Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-Age
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-Gender
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-HIV Risk Factor
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-Housing
Viral Suppression by Disparities 2018 Mid-Year Report-Race and Ethnicity
Ryan White Part B Calendar Year 2017 Statistics
If you have any questions concerning Quality Management, please contact the person(s) below:
Samantha Penn, MBA
Management Analyst I
(Quality Assurance & Evaluation Analyst)
Phone: (702) 486-8103
Email: spenn@health.nv.gov
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barriers facing HIV programs are common across countries. PEPFAR’s ECTs (described below in
Sections 2.3.2 and 2.3.3) identified common issues affecting countries at various levels of
epidemic control and then developed a compendium of evidence-based solutions, approaches
and case-studies that highlight successful means of addressing common barriers. Additional
evidence-based approaches and case-studies will be incorporated into this living compendium
over time. As highlighted in this PEPFAR Solutions Platform, these practices can be rapidly
adapted and scaled to move countries forward.
Key considerations for all PEPFAR programs include:
• Bringing Interventions to Scale with Fidelity: Getting to HIV epidemic control is dependent on
several factors; not the least of which is the ability to rapidly scale successful interventions with
fidelity and demonstrated impact. However, the logistics of cost- effective programmatic scale
have proven challenging, with several implementation barriers. Implementation science
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factor that aims to fill a gap or address unmet need in a defined population group/geographic
area.
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political will to harness the Data Revolution for epidemic control. OUs should consider
innovative ways to use data and information technology to improve efficiency and
sustainability in achieving epidemic control, beyond immediate PEPFAR indicator data
collection needs. As highlighted in the Data Revolution Innovation Toolkit, available on the
PEPFAR SharePoint, OUs are encouraged to explore, adapt, and scale these and other data
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Core practices that are moving from a pilot state to implementation at scale: Many of the
barriers facing HIV programs are common across countries. PEPFAR’s ECTs (described below in
Sections 2.3.2 and 2.3.3) identified common issues affecting countries at various levels of
epidemic control and then developed a compendium of evidence-based solutions, approaches
and case-studies that highlight successful means of addressing common barriers. Additional
evidence-based approaches and case-studies will be incorporated into this living compendium
over time. As highlighted in this PEPFAR Solutions Platform, these practices can be rapidly
adapted and scaled to move countries forward.
Key considerations for all PEPFAR programs include:
• Bringing Interventions to Scale with Fidelity: Getting to HIV epidemic control is dependent on
several factors; not the least of which is the ability to rapidly scale successful interventions with
fidelity and demonstrated impact. However, the logistics of cost- effective programmatic scale
have proven challenging, with several implementation barriers. Implementation science
defines scalability as the capacity to expand or extend an intervention to account for a growth
factor that aims to fill a gap or address unmet need in a defined population group/geographic
area.
• Data and Information Technology: The enabling environment for data and information
technology is rapidly maturing across countries, creating space, opportunity, and needed
political will to harness the Data Revolution for epidemic control. OUs should consider
innovative ways to use data and information technology to improve efficiency and
sustainability in achieving epidemic control, beyond immediate PEPFAR indicator data
collection needs. As highlighted in the Data Revolution Innovation Toolkit, available on the
PEPFAR SharePoint, OUs are encouraged to explore, adapt, and scale these and other data
driven approaches to move country epidemic control forward.
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Core practices that are moving from a pilot state to implementation at scale: Many of the
barriers facing HIV programs are common across countries. PEPFAR’s ECTs (described below in
Sections 2.3.2 and 2.3.3) identified common issues affecting countries at various levels of
epidemic control and then developed a compendium of evidence-based solutions, approaches
and case-studies that highlight successful means of addressing common barriers. Additional
evidence-based approaches and case-studies will be incorporated into this living compendium
over time. As highlighted in this PEPFAR Solutions Platform, these practices can be rapidly
adapted and scaled to move countries forward.
Key considerations for all PEPFAR programs include:
• Bringing Interventions to Scale with Fidelity: Getting to HIV epidemic control is dependent on
several factors; not the least of which is the ability to rapidly scale successful interventions with
fidelity and demonstrated impact. However, the logistics of cost- effective programmatic scale
have proven challenging, with several implementation barriers. Implementation science
defines scalability as the capacity to expand or extend an intervention to account for a growth
factor that aims to fill a gap or address unmet need in a defined population group/geographic
area.
• Data and Information Technology: The enabling environment for data and information
technology is rapidly maturing across countries, creating space, opportunity, and needed
political will to harness the Data Revolution for epidemic control. OUs should consider
innovative ways to use data and information technology to improve efficiency and
sustainability in achieving epidemic control, beyond immediate PEPFAR indicator data
collection needs. As highlighted in the Data Revolution Innovation Toolkit, available on the
PEPFAR SharePoint, OUs are encouraged to explore, adapt, and scale these and other data
driven approaches to move country epidemic control forward.
Core practices that are moving from a pilot state to implementation at scale: Many of the
barriers facing HIV programs are common across countries. PEPFAR’s ECTs (described below in
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epidemic control and then developed a compendium of evidence-based solutions, approaches
and case-studies that highlight successful means of addressing common barriers. Additional
evidence-based approaches and case-studies will be incorporated into this living compendium
over time. As highlighted in this PEPFAR Solutions Platform, these practices can be rapidly
adapted and scaled to move countries forward.
Key considerations for all PEPFAR programs include:
• Bringing Interventions to Scale with Fidelity: Getting to HIV epidemic control is dependent on
several factors; not the least of which is the ability to rapidly scale successful interventions with
fidelity and demonstrated impact. However, the logistics of cost- effective programmatic scale
have proven challenging, with several implementation barriers. Implementation science
defines scalability as the capacity to expand or extend an intervention to account for a growth
factor that aims to fill a gap or address unmet need in a defined population group/geographic
area.
• Data and Information Technology: The enabling environment for data and information
technology is rapidly maturing across countries, creating space, opportunity, and needed
political will to harness the Data Revolution for epidemic control. OUs should consider
innovative ways to use data and information technology to improve efficiency and
sustainability in achieving epidemic control, beyond immediate PEPFAR indicator data
collection needs. As highlighted in the Data Revolution Innovation Toolkit, available on the
PEPFAR SharePoint, OUs are encouraged to explore, adapt, and scale these and other data
driven approaches to move country epidemic control forward.
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RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
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Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Nevada integrated hiv prevention and care plan 2017 2021 interim monitoring program report
1. Nevada Integrated HIV Prevention and Care Plan 2017-2021
Interim Monitoring Program Report
July 2017
Prepared by
HIV Prevention and Care Plan Monitoring Team
Center for Program Evaluation,
School of Community Health Sciences, and School of Medicine
University of Nevada, Reno
Prepared for
Las Vegas TGA Ryan White Part A HIV/AIDS Program
Ryan White HIV/AIDS Part B Program
HIV Prevention Program
State Office of HIV/AIDS, Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health
2. 1
Table of Contents
Goal 1: Reducing New HIV Infections ................................................................... 3
Objective 1a. By 2021, 90% of people living with HIV will know their serostatus.............. 3
O1a. Strategy 1: Increase number of high-risk people tested in Nevada, based on data... 3
O1a. Strategy 2: Increase community awareness of the importance of HIV testing,
including awareness of testing sites................................................................ 4
O1a. Strategy 3: Increase the number of rapid HIV testing locations available in Nevada. 4
Objective 1b. By 2021, reduce by 25% the number of new HIV diagnoses. ..................... 4
O1b. Strategy 1: Increase education and access to PrEP and PEP ............................. 4
O1b Strategy 2: Increase community education of HIV/AIDS through comprehensive
sexual health education.............................................................................. 5
O1b Strategy 3: Provide community-wide harm reduction strategies, including condoms
and other harm reduction materials availability and utilization............................... 5
Goal 2: Increasing Access to Care and Improving Health Outcomes for PLWH .................... 6
Objective 2a. By 2021, increase to 85% the percentage of people newly diagnosed with HIV
who have been linked to a provider within the first 30 days...................................... 6
O2a. Strategy 1: Improved communication between organizations ........................... 6
O2a Strategy 2: Link hard-to reach populations to providers to provide continuity of care
for PLWH ............................................................................................... 7
O2a Strategy 3: Facilitate patient readiness to participate in their care and management
of HIV ................................................................................................... 8
Objective 2b. By 2021, increase by 20% the percentage of clients in care needing mental
and/or behavioral health services who went to their first appointment. ....................... 9
O2b. Strategy 1: Improve communication among organizations and between clients and
organizations .......................................................................................... 9
O2b. Strategy 2: Recruit more mental/behavioral health providers .......................... 9
O2b. Strategy 3: Professional Development activities.......................................... 10
Objective 2c. By 2021, 80% of people diagnosed with HIV, who have had a medical visit
each year for the past two years, will be virally suppressed (VL <200) ........................ 10
O2c. Strategy 1 Address treatment adherence of PLWH through educational strategies
and evaluation........................................................................................ 10
O2c. Strategy 2 Provide education and information regarding uninterrupted access to
and proper use of medication...................................................................... 12
O2c. Strategy 3 Educate both client and provider stakeholders regarding the importance
of routine viral load testing and tracking of viral load data................................... 12
Objective 2d. By 2021, reduce to 20% the incidence of STIs in HIV infected persons in care.
............................................................................................................ 12
3. 2
O2d. Strategy 1 Conduct provider education and disseminate recommendations regarding
routine screenings for STIs.......................................................................... 12
O2d. Strategy 2 Conduct public and individual education for PLWH and newly diagnosed
regarding STIs......................................................................................... 13
O2d. Strategy 3 Develop quality control measures to improve clinical care and outcomes
......................................................................................................... 13
Objective 2e. By 2021, increase number of clinics screening for HIV associated
comorbidities by 20%................................................................................... 13
O2e. Strategy 1 Conduct Provider education and recommendations regarding routine
screenings for comorbidities ....................................................................... 13
O2e. Strategy 2 Conduct Public and individual education for PLWH and newly diagnosed
regarding common HIV comorbidities ............................................................. 14
O2e. Strategy 3 Develop quality control measures to improve clinical care and outcomes
......................................................................................................... 14
Goal 3: Reducing HIV Related Disparities and Health Inequities .................................. 14
Objective 3a. By 2021, reduce disparities in the rate of new diagnoses by at least 15
percent among Nevada’s priority populations...................................................... 14
O3a. Strategy 1: Engage the community in order to find out how to best reach priority
populations ........................................................................................... 14
O3a. Strategy 2: Implement HIV prevention public education through media campaigns
and social network strategies to target populations............................................ 15
O3a. Strategy 3: Increase provider and organization capacity to test at sites in their
communities .......................................................................................... 15
Objective 3b. By 2021, increase to 85% the percentage of newly diagnosed with HIV among
Nevada’s priority populations who have been linked to a provider within the first 30 days.15
O3b. Strategy 1: Improve first contact and point of access to care for PLWH who
experience multiple “layers” of stigma (eg: HIV infected, gay, minority, female,
transgender, IV drug user, etc.) ................................................................... 15
O3b. Strategy 2: Improve the ability of PLWH in underserved or high risk groups to
navigate the HIV system of care. .................................................................. 16
O3b. Strategy 3: Improve the accessibility of information for PLWH in underserved or high
risk groups. ........................................................................................... 17
4. 3
Nevada Integrated HIV Prevention and Care Plan 2017-2021
Interim Monitoring Program Report
The Nevada Integrated HIV Prevention and Care Plan 2017-2021, including the Statewide
Coordinated Statement of Need, was developed in response to the guidance provided by the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Health Resources and Services
Administration (HRSA) and submitted in September 2016. This report outlines progress made on
the Plan activities and interventions through June 2017. Activities with a 2017 timeframe in the
Plan are included in this interim report. The annual report will be completed in January 2018
and will include updates on progress towards the Plan goals and objectives and activities, as
well as recommendations for the next year. Review of Plan activity progress to date revealed
many activities in progress with some activities already completed and a few not yet started.
Key:
Green:
Activity completed.
Yellow light:
Activity in process,
ongoing.
Red:
Activity not started.
Goal 1: Reducing New HIV Infections
Objective 1a. By 2021, 90% of people living with HIV will know their
serostatus.
O1a. Strategy 1: Increase number of high-risk people tested in Nevada, based on
data.
In 2016, the SNHD collaborated with AIDS Healthcare Foundation to bring an additional
mobile testing van to Las Vegas. The additional testing services offered with the van aim to
reach high risk clients who might not otherwise seek out screening services. The State of
Nevada's HIV Prevention Program worked with WCHD to increase client notification of
testing results from 76% to 91%. Prevention also reported that 96.6% of clients were
informed of their test results within 7 days. According the Part B annual report, there were
22, 298 HIV test completed in GY16. Of that, 190 were newly diagnosed as positive. The
State program also worked with SNHD to implement priority system for targeting infectious
cases to reduce/prevent the acquisition of HIV. To continue progress on reducing new HIV
infections, Northern Nevada continues to meet with a workgroup. Southern Nevada’s and
statewide workgroups are in discussion.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Develop statewide targeted testing
workgroup
Review available HIV testing data
(where testing is conducted and
where the positives are being
found)
Recruit substance abuse and mental
health representatives to workgroup
Establish baseline for testing among
priority populations
5. 4
O1a. Strategy 2: Increase community awareness of the importance of HIV testing,
including awareness of testing sites.
To increase knowledge on HIV testing locations, a new website is expected to roll out on
July 31, 2017. Other community awareness events, such as LV Urban League's World AIDS
day event with approx. 70 participants, have taken place to spread awareness.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Collect data from the population on baseline knowledge of importance and
availability of HIV testing
O1a. Strategy 3: Increase the number of rapid HIV testing locations available in
Nevada
SNHD trained 13 additional community partner/sites in HIV counseling and rapid HIV
testing. Rapid testing is now available at Aid for AIDS of Nevada, AIDS Healthcare
Foundation, and Avella Specialty Pharmacy. SNHD has also worked with Disease
Investigation Specialist (DIS) Sexual Health Clinic clinicians on rapid testing. This change
reduces time DIS spends in the clinic and allows them more time to follow up with newly
diagnosed individuals/partner services. With the prevention program, there have been a
total of 9,470 rapid HIV tests (8328 SNHD; 1142 WCHD).
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Enhance, develop and evaluate state
training and certification process for
new testing sites
Promote rapid testing
Develop and administer train the
trainer
Put rapid testing locations on HIV
websites
Objective 1b. By 2021, reduce by 25% the number of new HIV diagnoses.
O1b. Strategy 1: Increase education and access to PrEP and PEP
The State HIV Prevention Program has been working with SNHD to start a PrEP and Pep
program at the Sexual Health Clinic. The program is anticipated to start in November with
the opening of the SNHD pharmacy. In addition, community partners have been working on
a HIV prevention license plate with proceeds would go towards PrEP and PEP services.
Currently, the Huntridge Family Clinic has two studies on PrEP and PEP. AETC’s Transgender
Health Conference on June 1, 2017 included a session on PrEP and Pep and the HIV summit
at the Center in September or October also plans to address PrEP and PEP during the
summit. SNHD is providing provider and community training on PrEP and PEP and will be
offering a peer to peer education program on PrEP and PEP. The Wellness Center has peer
to peer education on PrEP and PEP as well.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Obtain provider and community buy-
in for education
Community education program on
PrEP & PEP
Identify other partners, agencies,
and organizations that can
Peer to peer education on PrEP &
PEP program
6. 5
collaborate to fund and/or deliver
trainings
Initiate provider and Community
education and training on PrEP & PEP
Develop a resource list of
pharmacies where PrEP is available
Training provider and staff on PrEP &
PEP
O1b Strategy 2: Increase community education of HIV/AIDS through comprehensive
sexual health education
AB348 to include comprehensive, medically accurate sexual health education in schools had
some traction moving forward in the legislature; however, the bill was vetoed.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Develop a workgroup for policy development and lobbying policy change for
comprehensive, medically accurate sexual health education in schools. Include
recommended best practices/curricula in the policy; write in Opt-out policy into
bill
O1b Strategy 3: Provide community-wide harm reduction strategies, including
condoms and other harm reduction materials availability and utilization
In 2016, approximately 520,500 condoms were distributed throughout Nevada. The Center's
Pharmacy Project has distributed over 50,000 condoms to HIV positive individuals through
pharmacies and other community support groups. SNHD has taken over the program
resulting in positive impact. To increase condom distribution, subcontracts in Las Vegas
were required to attend a Social Network Recruitment training. In addition to condom
distribution, organizations have continued to promote general HIV education strategies.
SNHD has a program with Walgreens to promote awareness among HIV positive clients of
access to condoms through Medicaid.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Explore condom need in community
for priority populations
Awareness campaign about ability
to get condoms through Medicaid
Identify places where free condoms
are most needed
Increase accessibility by creating
an online application to map free
and purchased condom locations in
Nevada
Identify where people can buy
condoms
Provide capacity building
assistance for the implementation
of syringe services programs (SSP)
Explore different pathways to
acquiring condoms (i.e. working with
manufacturers to get cheaper
condoms for people to buy)
7. 6
Goal 2: Increasing Access to Care and Improving Health
Outcomes for PLWH
Objective 2a. By 2021, increase to 85% the percentage of people newly
diagnosed with HIV who have been linked to a provider within the first
30 days.
O2a. Strategy 1: Improved communication between organizations
SNHD is doing a QM project to improve communication across the RW programs and with
other district programs. They have also had an influx of clients who are refugees, and they
are coordinating with other SNHD programs (TB clinic, refugee health, sexual health clinic)
and with community refugee agencies to improve communication and decrease
duplication. HRCL has instituted a new position for an intake coordinator who completes all
initial eligibility for newly diagnosed clients and recertification for new clients to our
agency. The coordinator assigns the client to a medical case manager for continuum of
care, recertification and additional resources under RWPA and outside resources. AHF
reported that sharing QM data trends and info regarding effective strategies at the RW
meeting has been helpful. AFAN would like to coordinate with community partners on ways
to inform clients of the Hep C screening locations and transportation options. UMC Wellness
started coordinating with NARES to provider UBER transportation and bus passes to their
clients.
The Las Vegas TGA includes three counties, Clark County and Nye County in Nevada and
Mohave County in Arizona, and they report working together to collaborate and provide
comprehensive care to people living with HIV and individuals at risk for infection. They
have expanded their collaboration on a broader scale by having a joint Integrated HIV
Prevention and Care Plan for Nevada Part A, B and Prevention. The Las Vegas TGA Part A
program collaborated with Arizona Part A, B and Prevention programs in relation to Mohave
County, Arizona, to provide input on Arizona’s Integrated HIV Prevention and Care Plan.
The collaboration includes an ongoing workgroup to monitor the progress of the Integrated
Plan and forward steps made to reduce new HIV infections. Almost all agencies reported
some difficulties with new CAREWare systems, with some specific needs. Many reported
successful technical assistance received such as for running reports.
Part B is working on developing a resource guide of services and activities for the newly
diagnosed. Parts A, B, C, and D are working to map the systems to better utilize the
CAREWare referral system to coordinate new patient intakes between organizations.
Regional service delivery meetings have been occurring and include SPEC (Services,
Planning, and Evaluation Collaborative), Northern Nevada HIV and Ryan White Providers,
and Action Planning Group (APG). Part A has conducted an inter-agency case management
team building training by Cold Spring and plan to do it yearly. An annual Ryan White
provider conference is currently not possible due to budget constraints, however, a series
of webinars could be feasible to accomplish the same objectives.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Develop regional flow chart (resource
map) of services/ activities for the
newly-diagnosed and for providers.
Includes steps for the patient re: where
to go and what to do next. Post online,
Inter-agency case management
team building/training. To reduce
competition, understand roles
8. 7
share with ASOs and testing
organizations. Update
Utilize CAREWare referral system to
coordinate new patient intakes between
organizations. Utilize to schedule out
different organizational staff at other
clinics/facilities, such as case managers
where there are none
Annual Ryan White provider
conference with training, RW
updates on initiatives, basic fiscal
and quality management,
advanced training/certifications,
strategies
Regional service delivery meetings
monthly: interactions between
organizations to provide clarity
regarding point people for each service.
Maintain updated records re: service
providers in the area
O2a Strategy 2: Link hard-to reach populations to providers to provide continuity of
care for PLWH
SNDH reports recent influx of client released from prison or jail. SNHD has a SPINs grant for
re-entry populations. Transitional Care Coordination is designed for HIV positive clients who
incarcerated. This program works with clients to prepare them for discharge and link with
services upon release. In Washoe County an agreement has been reached so that HOPES can
have a provider in the jail once a week and to facilitate re-entry.
HRCL notes that they are also seeing many clients who are homeless or on the edge of
homelessness, without income. Some of these clients also have substance abuse issues
and/or mental health challenges. Many agencies won’t work with them until they have
been clean for 40 to 90 days. HIV testing has been integrated into the mental health system
in the state. Part A has added several new mental health providers. HELP is an organization
that has been working with homeless individuals and SNHD and Part A have been
collaborating with them for outreach.
SNHD has a team of nurse case managers that are alerted per Nevada Revised Statute when
a woman seeks pre-natal care and the HIV test is positive. A nurse case manager contacts
the pregnant woman and explains the importance of treatment adherence for herself and
her fetus. The nurse case manager attends medical appointments if required, provides high
acuity care and arranges for post-partum care through a partnership with the Part D
program in the TGA. The Part D program meets with the pregnant women in their final
trimester of pregnancy and discusses medical care for the soon-to-arrive baby. Together
Part D and SNHD follow the newborn’s medical care until an HIV status may be confirmed.
SNHD’s nurse case management program medically case managed 40 pregnant HIV positive
females in the 2016-2017 grant year and zero babies seroconverted to HIV. Additionally,
staff and clients at HOPES worked to spread the word about onsite eligibility services.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Linking NDOC parolees and re-entry
populations with local clinics to provide
continuity of care for those patients.
Identify a point organization for parolee
case management in each North and
South. NDOC would connect HIV+
patients to the case management team
Link HIV+ mental health &
substance abuse clients with local
clinics to provide continuity of
care. Identify point organizations
and providers.
9. 8
initially, who would manage their care,
set them up for services, referrals,
eligibility
O2a Strategy 3: Facilitate patient readiness to participate in their care and
management of HIV
Program staff at SNHD have morning meetings to discuss the appointments for the day in
order to: (1) decrease the number of appointments and locations a client has to attend (try
to have them see as many providers as they need and want that same day); (2) increase
client engagement in their care (presumably by having them select or agree to who they
want to see); (3) allow for early initiation of ART meds; and (4) allow for better and earlier
referrals.
The Las Vegas TGA reports that when a newly diagnosed client comes in for their first
Sexual Health Clinic visit to receive the confirmatory test, the client is enrolled in the Anti-
Retroviral Treatment and Access to Services (ARTAS) program. ARTAS is an individual-level,
multi-session intervention for people who are recently diagnosed with HIV. ARTAS operates
on a case management strengths-based approach, helping the client realize strengths they
already possess and utilizing those strengths to make the linkage to medical care. The most
important goal of the ARTAS program is linkage to medical care. This approach allows the
client to guide the process helping them see their own strengths and building upon them.
The data also shows that individuals are more likely to stay in care when they meet the
goals they set for themselves. At both sub-recipient locations, a certain number of medical
appointments are set aside based on the number of individuals that test positive or have
begun the linkage process. This enables the clients to be seen right away, reduces he
potential for real and perceived barriers and provides the newly diagnosed individual
assistance at the most critical time. Results data from grant year 2016-2017show 435
individuals enrolled in the ARTAS program. Of the total number of clients,186 were newly
diagnosed and 249 were previously diagnosed but re-engaging in medical care from
jails/prison, out of care or out of state. The ARTAS program also tracks individual goals set
in addition to Linkage to Medical Care. Personal goals included 1) Housing, 2)
Job/Employment, 3) Disclose status; 4) Obtain insurance; and 5) Sobriety. Perceived
barriers to accessing medical care are also collected upon entrance into ARTAS. The Las
Vegas TGA also provided health education/risk reduction classes to 215 HIV positive
individuals (1,060 classes) to encourage healthy behavior and positive health outcomes, and
they provided substance abuse services to 81 clients.
Peer support groups lead by HOPES continue to be a safe space for clients to express
concerns and share resources. Expansion of peer to peer advocates to all sites is in progress
at Part A and Part B. Part B is funding the Center to provide the Stanford Positive
management program to HIV+ clients. Part A funded Dignity Health to provide the training.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Expand Peer to peer advocate to every
Part A and Part B site
Delivery of 6-week Positive
management program to HIV+
clients and chronic disease
management
10. 9
Objective 2b. By 2021, increase by 20% the percentage of clients in care
needing mental and/or behavioral health services who went to their
first appointment.
O2b. Strategy 1: Improve communication among organizations and between clients
and organizations
Las Vegas TGA completed a targeted needs assessment focused on PLWH who accessed
Ryan White Part A Mental Health and Substance Use services. The intent of this project was
to gather information regarding the specific needs and barriers to care consumers face in
the service categories of mental health and substance abuse in the Las Vegas TGA. This
information will assist the Planning Council in funding priorities, service providers in service
design and delivery and the Recipient staff in program structuring. A survey was designed to
glean information on the unique needs of this population, which yielded 61 survey
respondents. Results from the targeted needs assessment helped inform the Planning
Council’s FY 2017 Priority Setting and Resource Allocation process. The AFAN Mental
Health Services worked with 22 clients in the 2016-2017 grant year. The program was able
to offer clients services to keep them moving to self-sufficiency. University Medical Center
provided 123 clients with mental health screenings in the 16/17 grant year. UMC also liked
clients with psychiatric care and shorted wait time to see provider. The Mental Health
program at HOPES served 215 unduplicated clients in the GY. A client satisfaction survey
reported 80% of clients being satisfied with behavioral health services. Ridge House also
provided 9 clients with comprehensive care.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
(See 2a) Develop regional flow chart
(resource map) of services/activities for
all HIV+ patients, including
mental/behavioral/substance use
resources.
For both organizations and clients
Part A and B having the same
internal referral process to easily
track referrals made and
completed
Update resource guide regularly.
O2b. Strategy 2: Recruit more mental/behavioral health providers
Las Vegas TGA reports that there had historically been issues of medical case managers not
working together between agencies and medical case managers with different education
and life experience backgrounds not able to reconcile differences with one another. They
worked with Coldspring Center for Social and Health Innovation to provide an HIV Medical
Case Management Certificate training program. The program included an online portion
teaching the foundations required in helping professions. Once all medical case managers
completed the online trainings, there was in-person two day training focusing on a system
of care with a common language focus, which can facilitate long-term change and improved
quality of services. The in-person training builds on the content presented in the online
training. Specifically reviewing motivational interviewing skills building, trauma informed
medical case management and self-care. The evaluations after the training showed all
participants gained a better understanding of medical case management techniques,
especially self-care. Ninety-eight percent of participants listed they agreed or strongly
agreed that new tools were learned and were committed to integrating some of what was
11. 10
learned into work with clients. Las Vegas TGA was successful in recruiting several more
mental health providers.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Collaborate with mental/behavioral health providers
O2b. Strategy 3: Professional Development activities
The WCHD HIV staff participated in HIV stigma training. LV Urban League staff attended a
number of trainings/ webinars on public health issues. Dignity Health expanding Stanford
CDSMP and PSMP programs in Southern Nevada as well as sent two staff members to train as
Master Trainers for both programs. Dignity Health has also been successful at running
webinars and trainings on a wide variety of HIV topics. Part B is now allowing out of state
travel now and funding scholarship for HIV community to go to the US conference on AIDS
this year. Mary Karls from AETC was one of the recipients of this year’s scholarship to
attend the US conference on AIDS in September along with other individuals working in HIV
and HIV positive clients.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
RW funded agencies participate annual
Summer Institutes focuses on the
continuum of care between MH, SA and
HIV (Summer Institute not funded but
travel to out-of-state conferences has
been funded)
More education for providers
about the resources available in
the community including outside
of Ryan White
Explore methods to educate MH and SA
providers about HIV integration within
their existing roles (CEU’s) tie this to
HIV 101 mentioned previously
Deliver HIV/STD 101 MH & SA providers
(See 2a) Develop regional flow
chart (resource map)
Objective 2c. By 2021, 80% of people diagnosed with HIV, who have had
a medical visit each year for the past two years, will be virally
suppressed (VL <200) .
O2c. Strategy 1 Address treatment adherence of PLWH through educational
strategies and evaluation.
UMC Wellness is doing a QM project to track no-show rates before and after implementing a
reminder system using Google text messaging system with clients. The Las Vegas TGA
provided the following services to Ryan White Clients to help improve treatment
adherence: a) emergency financial assistance for food, housing, utilities and medication to
237 clients; b) food bank/home delivered meal services to 426 clients to improve health
and maintain adherence to primary medical care; c) medical transportation services in the
form of a bus pass or van transportation to 431 clients for access to medically necessary
appointments and services; d) housing assistance to 21 clients to ensure access and
maintenance to health care and supportive services; and e) psychosocial support services to
177 clients.
12. 11
UNLV SDM uses reports to evaluate measures more frequently than quarterly, and they do
an audit on any unmet measures to determine why they were not met. COMC reports that
clients that were able to get insurance under the ACA no longer want to register for Ryan
White support services. This has decreased the number of patients they have. COMC
conducted chart audit that indicated that 80% of their patients have VL <20. (Their goal is
90%).
The Las Vegas TGA has an Out of Care (OOC) program to actively monitor the service
utilization of the HIV continuum of care and compares the unduplicated clients against the
officially reported cases of HIV and AIDS. The OOC program continuously tracks
unduplicated clients accessing services to see if any gap in medical care occurs (i.e., a
client has no recorded services system wide for more than 6 months or in a full year). If a
client‘s treatment statistics show that the client may have fallen out of care, a disease
investigator goes into the field to find the client and encourage their re-entry into the care
system. This directly triggers the ARTAS program with the main goal of linking the
individual into care through the assistance of a Linkage Coordinator. These reports are
produced on a quarterly basis to track progress and identify trends or barriers. A variety of
support groups and other opportunities are available in Southern Nevada through various
sub-recipients.
Part B has a series of support, education and training options for patients in care. The new
Part B website will include a calendar of support groups and other education options.
Spanish language support groups are available in Northern Nevada. Part B reports that, of
the 109 clients with labs, 89 (82%) have viral loads of less than 200 copies/Ml. Part B
reports that 74 clients were receiving treatment adherence counseling; and, 90% of clients
were adherent with clinic appointments. WCHD linked 75% of OOC cases back to HIV care.
In addition, 27 PLWHA received at least one ARTAS session; and 86% of PLWHA had more
than one lab during the funding period. Part B is working to obtain more reliable lab data
and then it will be able to pull continuum of care data more frequently and share with Part
A. Medical case management providers are required to education on medication adherence.
If supplemental funding is received, SNHD will be doing medical adherence counseling at
their pharmacy.
NNHOPES (Part C) reported that the percentage of patients, regardless of age, with a
diagnosis of HIV with a HIV viral load less than 200 copies/mL at last HIV viral load test
during the measurement year was 75%. 92% of patients were prescribed Art.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Create a series of support, education
and training options for group of
patients in care
Deliver medication adherence
sessions on a continual basis to
provide education and support
Ensure that patient education programs
are language and literacy ability
appropriate
Evaluate the continuum of care
on a regular basis to understand
status; establish baseline and
semi-annual update on continuum
of care looking at viral
suppression; identify patterns of
viral load suppression and match
to exams attended, services
accessed, etc.
13. 12
O2c. Strategy 2 Provide education and information regarding uninterrupted access
to and proper use of medication
SNHD has added pharmacy services with a pharmacist available to counsel clients who are
starting ART, to discuss adherence issues with clients, and to screen clients who have co-
morbid conditions and medications. The SNHD pharmacy is preparing to offer PrEP in the
fall. The SNHD pharmacists are trained in HIV. Patient counseling is included with ADAP.
Pharmacists at NNHOPES are trained in HIV.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Ensure clinical programs include
medication management materials,
support, educational programs and
counseling for all patients
Encourage pharmacists that work
with HIV clinics to get certified in
HIV care (AAHIVM certification)
Provide education to pharmacists on HIV
medication adherence
Disseminate information about
policies to clients regarding
emergency medication access
O2c. Strategy 3 Educate both client and provider stakeholders regarding the
importance of routine viral load testing and tracking of viral load data
Educating clients about the importance of obtaining and maintaining an undetectable viral
load and the importance of individual viral load in regards to community viral load is part of
the standards of care for Part A and Part B. There have been some challenges with respect
to creating data sharing agreements between CAREWare and the labs. The deputy attorney
general for the health department and the national TA providers have different legal
interpretations regarding data sharing.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Educate clients about the importance of
obtaining and maintaining an
undetectable viral load and the
importance of individual viral load in
regards to community viral load
Educate clinicians to do at least 2
viral load tests per year
Create data sharing agreements
between CAREWare and labs
Educate the community about
community viral load data
Objective 2d. By 2021, reduce to 20% the incidence of STIs in HIV
infected persons in care.
O2d. Strategy 1 Conduct provider education and disseminate recommendations
regarding routine screenings for STIs
Routine sexual history and screenings for STIs are incorporated into care in at least four of
the Las Vegas clinics and at Northern Nevada Hopes in the north. SNHD is working with Clark
County Detention Center to conduct STI screenings. During the GY, SNHD performed 896
Syphilis test, with 23 new positives. In addition, 2390 HIV test were conducted with 18 new
positives. Northern Nevada Hopes (Part C) reported that 89.8% of clients received HIV risk-
reduction screening/ counseling; 36% were screened for TB; 40% screened for syphilis; 25%
14. 13
screened for Hepatitis B; and 11% screened for Hepatitis C. Developing and maintaining an
accurate list of who is seeing patients with HIV in Nevada is under development.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Recommend that HIV care clinics have
plans in place for routine sexual history
and screening for STIs
Develop and maintain accurate list
of who is seeing patients with HIV
O2d. Strategy 2 Conduct public and individual education for PLWH and newly
diagnosed regarding STIs
Part B implemented 24 HIV Health Education Risk Reduction (HERR) sessions in the 2016-
2017 grant year. In the sessions, 80% of participants reported an increase in knowledge about
reducing HIV transmission. Prevention with positives is part of the standard of care for Part A
and they are able to monitor is STI testing occurred. Part B has applied for a supplemental
award, which would expand their ability to provide clinical care and ensure that the
standards of care are up to date. ACCEPT has health education and risk reductions meetings
twice per month
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Prevention with positives programs
integrated into clinical care
Expand risk reduction and health
education for clients to include
STIs and importance of screenings
and when to get tested
Recommend that EHR in all clinics
includes sexual history and STI
screenings
O2d. Strategy 3 Develop quality control measures to improve clinical care and
outcomes
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
None planned until 2018-2019
Objective 2e. By 2021, increase number of clinics screening for HIV
associated comorbidities by 20%.
O2e. Strategy 1 Conduct Provider education and recommendations regarding
routine screenings for comorbidities
In Part A, mental health assessment and substance abuse screening is part of case
management and is occurring in Part A clinics. Both Mental healt. Screening for chronic
disease also is done but is a very broad category to monitor. Part A conducted a needs
assessment on mental health and substance abuse last year. Part B funded medical clinics
are required to screen for mental health. If Part B receives the supplemental award they
applied for, they will be able to expand the number of clients who could be served by Ryan
White clinics. If a client does not receve services at a Ryan White clinic, receipt of mental
health and substance abuse screening is not guaranteed.
15. 14
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Gather baseline data from HIV care clinics regarding current practices for MH, SA
and chronic disease screenings
O2e. Strategy 2 Conduct Public and individual education for PLWH and newly
diagnosed regarding common HIV comorbidities
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
None planned until 2018-2019
O2e. Strategy 3 Develop quality control measures to improve clinical care and
outcomes
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
None planned until 2018-2019
Goal 3: Reducing HIV Related Disparities and Health Inequities
Objective 3a. By 2021, reduce disparities in the rate of new diagnoses
by at least 15 percent among Nevada’s priority populations.
O3a. Strategy 1: Engage the community in order to find out how to best reach
priority populations
Some Part A sub-recipients have gathered information from difficult to reach populations.
SNHD reported some issues faced by transgender clients including 1) those with unstable or
no housing having difficulty getting in to shelters because the shelters are either for men or
women; 2) having difficulty with housing assistance; 3) needing legal assistance when
applying for new identification cards under a different gender. An issue faced by refugee
clients is that the three month service period for ECDC isn’t long enough for many of them
to be able to get a job, find housing, etc. because of language and cultural “learning
curve”. In Nye County, they are having difficulty coordinating gas voucher program for very
rural clients in area 51.They did a transportation survey with their clients that showed high
need in this area. Some of their clients are “squatters” so they can’t get the documentation
they need to be able to get assistance at their “address”. HRCL conducts random quality
assurance phone checks with clients to see if the services they received were satisfactory.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Conduct listening sessions with
individuals from groups experiencing
disparities to identify any gaps in
knowledge or incorrect beliefs
about HIV.
Identify successful group-specific
disease prevention campaigns and
strategies that can be adapted to
HIV prevention.
16. 15
O3a. Strategy 2: Implement HIV prevention public education through media
campaigns and social network strategies to target populations.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
None planned until 2018-2019
O3a. Strategy 3: Increase provider and organization capacity to test at sites in their
communities
For all of FY2016, the Las Vegas TGA utilized two separate sub-recipients providing linkage
services. One sub-recipient is the Southern Nevada Health District, which is very well
established and recognized in the community. The other sub-recipient is a non-profit
organization, AIDS Healthcare Foundation. They are located in an underserved area and
were able to connect with individuals frequenting their service delivery area or
disenfranchised with the Health District. In order to maximize linkage services, the two
sub-recipients worked closely together to understand what each other’s strengths are and
how best to meet the needs of the community.
In 2017, the state prevention program funded training for 89 participants and 26 agencies
to provide their own HIV testing. Prevention has had ongoing discussions with a variety of
CBOs about offering their own testing. Two additional trainings to provide testing will be
held in August 2017.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Training CBOs and communities with
high risk to provide on-site testing
Identify and recruit additional
providers and CB0s to have testing
at their sites
Objective 3b. By 2021, increase to 85% the percentage of newly
diagnosed with HIV among Nevada’s priority populations who have been
linked to a provider within the first 30 days.
O3b. Strategy 1: Improve first contact and point of access to care for PLWH who
experience multiple “layers” of stigma (eg: HIV infected, gay, minority, female,
transgender, IV drug user, etc.)
The Las Vegas TGA noted challenge related to this objective in that there was an increase
in HIV and AIDS cases in all race/ethnic groups except white. African Americans comprise
27% of HIV and AIDS prevalence, followed by Hispanics who make up 24% of HIV prevalence
and 23% of AIDS prevalence. A/PI now comprise 4% of HIV prevalence and 3% AIDS
prevalence. New cases of HIV among A/PI increased from 4% to 8% from 2013 to 2015 (17
cases to 33 cases). HIV prevalence rates have increased overall by about 7% from 2013 to
2015, and AIDS prevalence has increase about 4% annually over that same period; however
the increases have been greater in priority populations. New African American HIV cases
increased 19%, and new Hispanic cases increased 17% over the last three years. Part A will
be conducting a consumer survey in July which may provide some information regarding
consumer experiences related to first contact and point of access to care. Many of the Part
A agencies conduct client satisfaction surveys which could be used to gather this type of
information and would be most helpful if race/ ethnicity and other key demographic items
are collected to be able to review responses by different types of consumers. Part A has
17. 16
been focused on trauma-informed care. Staff training on trauma-informed care was
conducted at AFAN and AHF.
Part B is able to use rebate dollars to send 15 prevention and care providers to the U.S.
Conference on AIDS in September. More than 30 people applied for the funding They will be
sending five providers from south and three from north, two medical committee advisory
members, and five consumers. Sending people to the conference is a way for Part B to
provide ongoing TA for providers as well as the opportunity to network with others. During
the last subgrant period, Part B encouraged providers to include out-of-state TA
conferences in their budgets so they can learn about best practices and the latest
information in the field and network across jurisdictions. 90% of Part B’s HIV Health
Education Risk Reduction (HERR) program participants reported program was culturally
competent and appropriate.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Conduct listening sessions with
individuals from PLWH in
underserved populations and high
risk groups to 1) learn about their
first contact experiences with HIV
agencies; 2) find out if negative
experiences in first or early contact
prevented them from continuing or
pursuing HIV care and/or accessing
services; and 3) get ideas and
suggestions for ways to make
improvements
Provide experiential training to
employees and volunteers in HIV
care and service organizations
about how personal bias and stigma
can prevent PLWH in underserved
populations and high-risk groups
from accessing and staying in care
Conduct brainstorming sessions on
how to improve first access and
point of contact
Recognize persons and agencies
that PLWH deem most welcoming
Follow up with trainees at 3 and 9
months post training to determine
what changes or improvements
were made and sustained
O3b. Strategy 2: Improve the ability of PLWH in underserved or high risk groups to
navigate the HIV system of care.
The Las Vegas TGA has selected three target populations, one of which is African
Americans. These clients are enrolled in the ARTAS program which is designed to be
tailored to the specific client’s needs, whether the individual is in their early 20’s,
identifies as MSM or African American or some sort of combination. ARTAS operates on a
strengths-based model. The linkage coordinator asks questions in a way that the client is
able to pinpoint situations where he or she achieved a positive outcome and take those
skills and apply them to their current situation. ARTAS also employs a 5 interaction system
where the client has 5 meetings to meet their goals or make documentable progress. The
program accepts that not all individuals are ready to be in-care or make big life
decisions/changes. However, the program does provide the client with skills that when they
are ready they can try again. It is also built into the program that if an individual is lost to
care the case will be re-routed to a Disease Investigator that will attempt to reconnect with
the individual and bring them back into the ARTAS program. The coordination between
successfully completing the ARTAS program and transitioning to a long-term case manager
based on the client’s acuity has also made the program successful. Resources and
partnerships used to implement the successful strategies include a sophisticated reporting
18. 17
system required by Nevada Revised Statue when an individual receives a positive HIV test,
an effective partner services program and long-standing partnerships with providers and
community centers. Daily case conferencing between the different units in the Sexual
Health Clinic, where most newly diagnosed individuals receive their first medical visit,
includes a review of individuals that did not keep their appointment the day before and a
review of the planned appointments for that day. In addition, there are weekly case
conferencing between the largest medical team, the ARTAS linkage coordinators and
medical case managers that provides essential communication and best practices of working
with a client shared by all resources. Individuals who are not ready to meet the goals they
have set and remain in care are a challenge for the individual and the program. In order to
address this challenge the Linkage Coordinator provides the individual with as much
information as possible, pointing out the positive steps accomplished to-date and contact
information when the client is ready.
Part B and Prevention have a new HIV NV website and social media campaign which will be
launched at the end of July 2017. The website will include lists of available services,
eligibility information, costs, contacts, instructions on how to access services, locations,
and hours of providers. The website will be updated on a regular basis. Part A also has a
website that is updated regularly.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Develop HIV community-specific websites that are updated monthly to list available
services, who is eligible to access the services, cost for services, who to call, how
to access, locations, hours, etc.
O3b. Strategy 3: Improve the accessibility of information for PLWH in underserved
or high risk groups.
Improvement has occurred with respect to accessibility of information for Spanish-speaking
individuals. The Access to Healthcare Network is hiring a bilingual health insurance
specialist. The new Part B website and campaign materials will all be translated into
Spanish. 90% of Part B’s HIV Health Education Risk Reduction (HERR) program participants
reported program was culturally competent and appropriate. Part A has resources available
in Spanish and the website can be accessed in Spanish. Part A has Spanish-speaking
providers at AFAN, AHF, CCC, COMC, Dignity Health, SNHD, and Huntridge Family Clinic.
Status of Planned 2017-2018 Activities
Assess staffing to identify strengths
and weaknesses in meeting language
needs (oral and written) for Spanish
speaking clients
Hire bi-lingual staff who are fluent
in differences in Spanish across
varied Hispanic cultures
Determine the need for translation
in other languages besides Spanish