The brain is a highly intricate organ consisting of specialized areas that work together to perform higher cognitive and language related functions. It is made up of two homologous hemispheres held together by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere consists of four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and the cerebellum. The arcuate fasciculus transports linguistic information from the back of the brain to the frontal region.
The brain is a highly intricate organ consisting of specialized areas that work together to perform higher cognitive and language related functions. It is made up of two homologous hemispheres held together by the corpus callosum. Each hemisphere consists of four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and the cerebellum. The arcuate fasciculus transports linguistic information from the back of the brain to the frontal region.
Neurolinguistics
Shari R. Baum and Sheila E. Blumstein:
Elisabeth Ahlsén:
Brain
Right brain – left brain
Lobes of the brain
Parts of Brain
Language and Brain
Broca’s area
Wernicke's area
BCIs (Brain Computer Interface) exploit the ability of human communication and control bypassing the classical neuromuscular communication channels. BCI can help people with inabilities to control wheel chairs, or other devices with brain activity.
http://presentationslive.blogspot.com/
Combining Optical Brain Imaging and Physiological Signals to Study Cognitive ...InsideScientific
In this exclusive webinar sponsored by BIOPAC Systems and fNIR Devices, Dr. Hasan Ayaz, Dr. Kurtulus Izzetoglu and Frazer Findlay present new research capabilities enabled through the integration of optical brain imaging technology and physiological recording systems.
Key topics covered during this webinar include physiological and physical principles of optical brain imaging, theory of operation, hardware and software integration, essential fNIR signal processing (demonstrated using fnirSoft analysis software), common field applications of fNIR imaging, why and how researchers can measure physiological data such as EDA, HR and ECG and acquistion procedures for co-registration of fNIR data and physiological monitoring signals using AcqKnowledge data acquisition and analysis software.
Presentation from a talk I gave at the Nottingham AI meetup. In this talk I explored some of the practical applications of medical AI, the research surrounding this exciting field and the potential for AI to be utilised as a support tool in healthcare and medicine. The talk will take high level view of the technology and it's application as apposed to a low level technical analysis, making it accessible to everyone.
Neurolinguistics
Shari R. Baum and Sheila E. Blumstein:
Elisabeth Ahlsén:
Brain
Right brain – left brain
Lobes of the brain
Parts of Brain
Language and Brain
Broca’s area
Wernicke's area
BCIs (Brain Computer Interface) exploit the ability of human communication and control bypassing the classical neuromuscular communication channels. BCI can help people with inabilities to control wheel chairs, or other devices with brain activity.
http://presentationslive.blogspot.com/
Combining Optical Brain Imaging and Physiological Signals to Study Cognitive ...InsideScientific
In this exclusive webinar sponsored by BIOPAC Systems and fNIR Devices, Dr. Hasan Ayaz, Dr. Kurtulus Izzetoglu and Frazer Findlay present new research capabilities enabled through the integration of optical brain imaging technology and physiological recording systems.
Key topics covered during this webinar include physiological and physical principles of optical brain imaging, theory of operation, hardware and software integration, essential fNIR signal processing (demonstrated using fnirSoft analysis software), common field applications of fNIR imaging, why and how researchers can measure physiological data such as EDA, HR and ECG and acquistion procedures for co-registration of fNIR data and physiological monitoring signals using AcqKnowledge data acquisition and analysis software.
Presentation from a talk I gave at the Nottingham AI meetup. In this talk I explored some of the practical applications of medical AI, the research surrounding this exciting field and the potential for AI to be utilised as a support tool in healthcare and medicine. The talk will take high level view of the technology and it's application as apposed to a low level technical analysis, making it accessible to everyone.
The presentation focuses on cerebral asymmetries in structural, functional and molecular levels regarding production and comprehension of language faculty. It also briefs about the role of different language areas and sex differences in language.
1 The Cognitive Benefits of Being Bilingual By .docxhoney725342
1
The Cognitive Benefits of Being Bilingual
By Viorica Marian, Ph.D., and Anthony Shook
Editor’s note: Today, more of the world’s population is bilingual or multilingual than
monolingual. In addition to facilitating cross-cultural communication, this trend also positively
affects cognitive abilities. Researchers have shown that the bilingual brain can have better
attention and task-switching capacities than the monolingual brain, thanks to its developed
ability to inhibit one language while using another. In addition, bilingualism has positive effects
at both ends of the age spectrum: Bilingual children as young as seven months can better adjust
to environmental changes, while bilingual seniors can experience less cognitive decline.
We are surrounded by language during nearly every waking moment of our lives. We use
language to communicate our thoughts and feelings, to connect with others and identify with our
culture, and to understand the world around us. And for many people, this rich linguistic
environment involves not just one language but two or more. In fact, the majority of the world’s
population is bilingual or multilingual. In a survey conducted by the European Commission in
2006, 56 percent of respondents reported being able to speak in a language other than their
mother tongue. In many countries that percentage is even higher—for instance, 99 percent of
Luxembourgers and 95 percent of Latvians speak more than one language.
1
Even in the United
States, which is widely considered to be monolingual, one-fifth of those over the age of five
reported speaking a language other than English at home in 2007, an increase of 140 percent
since 1980.
2
Millions of Americans use a language other than English in their everyday lives
outside of the home, when they are at work or in the classroom. Europe and the United States are
not alone, either. The Associated Press reports that up to 66 percent of the world’s children are
2
raised bilingual.
3
Over the past few decades, technological advances have allowed researchers to
peer deeper into the brain to investigate how bilingualism interacts with and changes the
cognitive and neurological systems.
Cognitive Consequences of Bilingualism
Research has overwhelmingly shown that when a bilingual person uses one language, the
other is active at the same time. When a person hears a word, he or she doesn’t hear the entire
word all at once: the sounds arrive in sequential order. Long before the word is finished, the
brain’s language system begins to guess what that word might be by activating lots of words that
match the signal. If you hear “can,” you will likely activate words like “candy” and “candle” as
well, at least during the earlier stages of word recognition. For bilingual people, this activation is
not limited to a single language; auditory input activates corresponding words regardless of the
language to which ...
Effect of music_therapy_on_the_development_of_speech_rajiv_mishra
Neural Representations for Spoken and Written Language in Begining Readers Insights from fNIRS and fMRI Neuroimaging
1. Participants
Kaja Jasińska1, Bonnie Buis1, Bryan Cort1, Brian Parbhu1, Peter Molfese2, Einar Mencl1,
Heather Bortfeld1,2, Ken Pugh1,2,3
Neural Representations for Spoken and Written Language In Beginning
Readers: Insights from fNIRS and fMRI Neuroimaging
1Haskins Laboratories 2University of Connecticut, 3Yale University – Child Study Center
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
FUNDING: NIH P01 HD001994-46 (J. Rueckl)
*CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: kaja.jasinska@yale.edu
www.haskins.yale.edu/staff/jasinska
How does the young brain’s neural circuitry for language support the
development of skilled reading?
• Young children learning to read are already proficient users of
spoken language
• Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (LIFG) and left Superior Temporal Gyrus
(STG) are involved in relating phonological information to printed
text, phonological decoding and segmentation during reading, and
semantic word retrieval1-3
• Left supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and left fusiform gyrus (VWFA)
become increasingly specialized for aspects of printed word
processing2,4
METHODS
Inferior Frontal (IFG)
Word meaning
morphology, syntax
Superior Temporal
(STG)
Phonology
Temporoparietal
Letter to sound
correspondence
Occipitotemporal
Visual word form
Pre-Literacy
N=28
Ages 3.5-4.5y (M=4.2)
Emergent Literacy
N=24
Ages 4.5-6.5y (M=6.2)
Children
N=52
Ages 3.5-6.5y
Neuroimaging
• Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging: Hitachi ETG
4000 and Shimadzu LABNIRS
• fMRI: 3T Scanner (N=11, older emergent literacy group only)
Task
• Spoken and written words in a repeating sequence, 6 trials/block
Analysis
• NIRS: Data from 44 channels were preprocessed and analyzed
using GLM in Statistical Parametric Mapping for NIRS, Ver. 45.
• MRI: Data were preprocessed and analyzed with the Analysis for
Functional NeuroImages (AFNI) package using 3dMVM6
• Correlations computed between beta values from HbO and HbR
NIRS analyses and the average beta values of MRI voxels within 3
cm of each NIRS channel MNI locations
NIRS RESULTS MRI RESULTS
Younger Pre-Literacy
Speech>baseline
Print>baseline
Older Emergent-Literacy
Older Emergent-Literacy
NIRS-MRI CORRELATION
CONCLUSION
Older Emergent-Literacy
house
+
house
+
house
+
house
• Patterns of neural activation that support spoken language processing
change over development as a child learns to read
• Pre-literacy children show greater activation in L STG for speech
• Emergent literacy children show greater L IFG activation for speech and
greater L IFG and L STG activation for print than speech
• Differences in neural processing of print and speech reveal how the
developing brain allocates neural resources towards reading
• Correlated MRI and NIRS signals in language brain regions indicate these
different neuroimaging methods reliably measure brain activation during
language processing and support NIRS neuroimaging for even younger
children for whom MRI may be difficult to acquire
REFERENCES
1s 100ms
1s 100ms
1s
100ms
1s
+
7s
Time
1 Poldrack et al. (1999) NeuroImage, 10, 15-35.
2 Pugh, et al. (2013). Brain and Language. 125, 173-83.
3 Jasinska & Petitto (2013). Developmental Neuropsychology, 6, 87-101.
4. Pugh et al (2000). Psychological Science 11, 51-56.
5 Ye, et al. (2009). NeuroImage, 44, 428-44
6 Cox (1996). Computers and Biomedical Research, 29(3), 162-173.
t
value
p=0.05
t
value
p=0.05
HbR
Maps
Speech>baseline
Ac4va4on
Correlation
p=0.01
cluster
corrected
Print
vs.
Speech