The presentation on Nepal provides a comprehensive overview of its history, culture, economy, and geopolitical significance. It delves into the country's transition from ancient kingdoms to a federal democratic republic, its economic challenges and growth potential, vibrant cultural traditions, and intricate relations with neighboring India. Through this exploration, it offers insights into Nepal's journey towards a prosperous and inclusive future amidst various socio-political dynamics.

1. Nepal: A Journey Through
History, Culture, and Present
Day
Submitted by-
Abhilash Dutta ()
THE ASSAM KAZIRANGA UNIVERSITY

2. A Glimpse into the
Past
Nepal, nestled in the Himalayas, has a rich and diverse history dating back
to ancient times.
Early Kingdoms: Kirati and Lichhavi dynasties (300 BC - 750 AD)
Rise of the Malla kingdoms (12th - 18th centuries)
It was unified by King Prithvi Narayan Shah in the 18th century, establishing
the Shah dynasty.
Rana period (1846 - 1951) and isolationist policies
In 2008, Nepal abolished its monarchy and declared itself a federal
democratic republic.

3. Navigating the Political
Landscape
Federal Democratic Republic:
Established in 2008
The President serves as the head of state,
while the Prime Minister is the head of
government.
Three tiers of government: federal,
provincial, and local
Multi-party parliamentary system
Nepal has faced political challenges,
including periods of instability and conflicts
over governance and representation.

4. Economy of Nepal
Developing economy: GDP per capita ~$1,489 (nominal, 2023 est.)
Agriculture: Major contributor, employing over 60%
GDP - $46.097 billion (nominal, 2023 est)
The GDP of Nepal has been steadily growing, driven by tourism, remittances, and hydropower
Challenges: Infrastructure development, poverty, and natural disasters

5. Overall Exports and Imports for Nepal
2021
Total Exports (2021) $1,665,727,794
Total Imports (2021) $15,830,035,162
Trade Balance (2021) ($14,164,307,368)
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) (2022) 6.76%
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) (2022) 42.64%
Total Trade
Top 3 Export Countries
Top 3 Import Countries
Nepal's top five exports include Soya-bean oil, Palm oil,
Carpets, Cardamoms, and Woven fabrics of jute or other
textile bast fibers, reflecting a diverse range of products
contributing significantly to its trade value.
Nepal's top five imports comprise Petroleum oils (excl.
crude) preparations, Crude soya-bean oil, Semi-finished
products of iron or non-alloy steel, Petroleum gases, and
Transmission apparatus for radiotelephony incorporation,
reflecting significant trade values in key sectors.

6. A Tapestry of Culture
Nepal boasts a richly diverse population with
over 125 ethnic groups and languages, each
contributing unique threads to the cultural
fabric.
Nepali is the official language, but a multitude
of languages like Maithili, Bhojpuri, Tamang,
and Newari enrich the linguistic landscape.
Nepal explodes with colorful festivals,
celebrating everything from deities to spring's
arrival. Each unique event, like Dashain's victory
dances or Holi's playful colors, paints a vibrant
picture of this diverse nation.

7. Dress and Attire in
Nepal
Men's Attire
Nepalese men wear the Daura Suruwal, a knee-
length shirt with loose trousers, paired with the
Topi and Dhaka Topi, traditional caps made of
cotton or wool, symbolizing cultural elegance
during formal occasions.
Women's Attire
Nepalese women wear the Sari, a draped
cloth with a blouse, Kurta Suruwal, a long
shirt with loose trousers for everyday and
formal wear, and Gunyo Cholo, a tight
blouse with a long skirt, popular for festivals
and cultural events.
Traditional Nepali wedding dress

8. Religious Practices in Nepal
Hinduism
Hinduism is the major religion in Nepal, with various temples
dedicated to different deities. Religious rituals and ceremonies
are an integral part of daily life.
Buddhism
Buddhism also holds a significant place in Nepal, with famous
sites like Boudhanath Stupa and Swayambhunath Stupa being
focal points of Buddhist practices.

9. Famous Landmarks in Nepal
Pashupatinath Temple
A revered Hindu temple known for its intricate architecture, located on the banks of the Bagmati
River.
Patan Durbar Square
This UNESCO World Heritage Site showcases exquisite Newari architecture and historical
significance.
Mount Everest
The world's tallest peak, Mount Everest, is a testament to Nepal's awe-inspiring natural
beauty and adventurous spirit.

10. Geopolitical Landscape and Strategic
Interests
Nepal's strategic location between India and China
makes it of interest to regional and global powers.
It seeks to balance relations between its two giant
neighbors while maintaining sovereignty and
independence.
Infrastructure projects and investment from foreign
powers can influence Nepal's geopolitical dynamics.
Membership in regional organizations: SAARC, BIMSTEC

11. Relationship with
India
Nepal and India share deep historical, cultural, and economic
ties.
Issues like border disputes and trade imbalances have
sometimes strained bilateral relations.
India is Nepal's largest trading partner, with significant
investments in various sectors, and provides thousands of
scholarships annually for Nepalese students to study in
India.
Around 6,00,000 Indians are living/domiciled in Nepal. These include
businessmen and traders who have been living in Nepal for a long time,
professionals (doctors, engineers, IT personnel) and laborers .
contributing to various sectors of the economy and society.
Defense cooperation between India and Nepal includes
assistance in modernization, joint military exercises, and
mutual recognition with honorary ranks for army chiefs

12. Relationship with
India
2015 EARTHQUAKE IN NEPAL:
India provided significant assistance to Nepal after the devastating
2015 earthquake, including rescue teams, relief materials, and
financial aid for reconstruction.
INDIA'S ASSISTANCE DURING COVID-19:
India provided crucial assistance to Nepal during the COVID-19
pandemic, including the gifting of vaccines to support Nepal's vaccination
drive, reflecting the spirit of cooperation and solidarity between the two
nations.
DEFENCE COOPERATION:
Defense cooperation between India and Nepal includes assistance in
modernization, joint military exercises, and mutual recognition with
honorary ranks for army chiefs. The historic Gorkha Regiment of the
Indian Army, partially recruited from hill districts of Nepal, symbolizes
the close ties between the two nations.

13. Conclusion
Nepal's rich history, diverse culture, and
strategic location make it a fascinating country
to explore.
Nepal, a land nestled amidst the Himalayas,
offers a captivating glimpse into its past,
present, and promising future. From its
ancient kingdoms to its diverse cultural
fabric, Nepal stands as a testament to
resilience and hope. As it navigates
challenges and opportunities, understanding
and engaging with Nepal can enrich our
global perspective and foster meaningful
connections.
धन्यवाद