some information about indo era

1. NAME: SADIK DIDAGUR
STD: FYB.COM
COLLEGE: GOvERNMENT COLLEGE
ARTS SCIENCE COMMERCE QUEpEM
-GOA

2. CONTENT
SR. NO. SUBTOPICS SLIDE NO.
01 Introduction 03
02 Geographical area 04
03 The demography 06
04 History 09
05 Culture 12
06 Folk culture 14
07 Traditional culture 16
08 Traditional food 18
09 Special occasion 20
10 Present economic overview 22
11 conclusion 23

3. INTRODUCTION
• Indonesia is a country located in Southeastern Asia between the Indian Ocean and the
Pacific Ocean.
• Indonesia is an amalgamation of 17,000 islands with different geographical features and cultures. The country
is home to romantic beaches, majestic volcanoes, historical temples and much more.
• From the bustling metropolis of Jakarta to the serene beaches of Bali, Indonesia offers a spectrum of
experiences for every type of traveler. The country is home to vibrant markets, ancient temples, and lush
rainforests teeming with exotic wildlife.
• The natural beauty of Indonesia is unparalleled, with iconic landmarks such as the sacred Borobudur temple,
the mesmerizing Tegallalang Rice Terraces, and the otherworldly landscapes of Komodo Island.
• The country is a paradise for adventure seekers, offering opportunities for trekking, diving, and exploring
active volcanoes
• The Indonesian government has implemented conservation initiatives to protect its unique ecosystems. Efforts
include establishing marine protected areas, combating illegal logging, and implementing programs to save
endangered species like the Sumatran tiger and Javan rhinoceros.

4. GEOGRApHICAL AREA
• Indonesia has total land area of 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 sq mi), Including 93,000 square
kilometres (35,908 sq mi) of inland seas (straits, bays and other bodies of water). This makes it the
largest Island country in the world.
• It straddles the equator, lying between the continents of Asia and Australia and between the Pacific and
Indian Oceans. The geographical coordinates of Indonesia span approximately from 6 degrees north to 11
degrees south latitude and 95 to 141 degrees east longitude
• Its strategic location places it along major shipping routes, contributing to its historical role as a hub for
trade and cultural exchange.
• The diverse geography of Indonesia encompasses tropical rainforests, highland regions with volcanic
peaks, fertile plains, and extensive coastlines. The country is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, a region
known for its seismic and volcanic activity, and is home to numerous active volcanoes.

5. GEOGRApHICAL AREA
• This unique geological setting has shaped Indonesia's landscapes and contributed to its
rich biodiversity.
• Notable islands include Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Bali, and Borneo, each with its own
distinct topography and cultural characteristics. Indonesia's geographical diversity has
not only influenced its ecosystems but also played a pivotal role in shaping its cultural,
economic, and political dynamics

6. THE DEMOGRApHY

7. THE DEMOGRApHY
Population
Indonesia is one of the most populous countries globally, with over 270 million people. It ranks as the fourth
most populous country in the world.
Ethnicity
The population of Indonesia is incredibly diverse, consisting of numerous ethnic groups. The largest ethnic
group is the Javanese, followed by Sundanese, Malay, and others. There are also numerous indigenous
groups in regions like Papua.
Religion
Indonesia is predominantly Muslim, with the majority of the population adhering to Islam. However, there
are also significant populations of Christians, Hindus, and Buddhists. The province of Bali, for example, is
predominantly Hindu, while parts of Papua have a significant Christian population.
Language
Bahasa Indonesia is the official language and serves as a unifying language across the diverse ethnic groups.
Additionally, many Indonesians speak their regional languages and dialects at home.
Urbanization
Indonesia has experienced rapid urbanization, with a significant portion of the population residing in urban
areas. Jakarta, the capital, is a megacity with a large and bustling population.

8. Age Structure
Indonesia has a relatively young population, with a significant percentage of people
under the age of 30. This youth demographic has implications for education,
employment, and social dynamics.
Economic Activities
The economy of Indonesia is diverse, with people engaged in various economic
activities, including agriculture, manufacturing, services, and a growing digital
economy.
Government
Indonesia is a unitary presidential republic with a democratic system of government.
The President is both the head of state and the head of government.

9. HISTORY

10. • Indonesia's history dates back to ancient times, with evidence of early human settlements on
the islands. Notable civilizations include the Srivijaya and Majapahit empires, which were
influential maritime and trading powers.
• In the 14th to 17th centuries, Indonesia became a crucial hub in the global spice trade,
attracting the attention of European powers. The Dutch East India Company gradually
established control over the archipelago, leading to centuries of Dutch colonial rule.
• During World War II, Indonesia was occupied by Japan (1942-1945). This period saw
significant social and political changes, laying the groundwork for Indonesia's later struggle for
independence.
• On August 17, 1945, Indonesia declared its independence from Dutch rule. Sukarno, the first
President, led the nationalist movement, although it took several years of diplomatic and
armed struggle before full recognition was achieved.
• The Dutch-Indonesian War (1945-1949) ensued as the Dutch sought to reestablish control.
International pressure, especially from the United Nations, ultimately led to Dutch recognition
of Indonesian independence in 1949.
HISTORY

11. • The post-independence era saw Sukarno implementing a political concept known as "Guided
Democracy" characterized by strong presidential rule. However, economic challenges and
political unrest led to increased authoritarianism.
• In 1965, a failed coup attempt triggered anti-communist purges and political upheaval.
General Suharto emerged as the leader, ushering in the "New Order" regime known for
stability but also marked by authoritarian rule.
• Under Suharto's rule (1966-1998), Indonesia experienced economic growth, but it was
marred by issues such as corruption and social inequality. The Asian financial crisis in 1997
had severe economic repercussions.
• Protests and demands for political reform in 1998 led to Suharto's resignation. The
subsequent "Reformasi" era brought about democratic reforms, decentralization, and increased
political freedom.
• In the 21st century, Indonesia has emerged as a vibrant democracy and a growing economic
power. However, challenges persist, including regional autonomy issues, environmental
concerns, and the need for inclusive development.

12. CULTURE
1.Ethnic Diversity: Indonesia is home to numerous ethnic groups, each with its own
language, traditions, and customs. Prominent ethnic groups include the Javanese,
Sundanese, Balinese, and Batak.
2.Languages: Bahasa Indonesia is the official language and serves as a unifying means of
communication. However, there are also numerous regional languages and dialects
spoken across the archipelago.
3.Religious Pluralism: Indonesia is characterized by religious diversity. While Islam is the
predominant religion, the country also has significant populations practicing Hinduism,
Christianity, Buddhism, and indigenous belief systems.
4.Traditional Arts: Indonesia's traditional arts encompass a variety of forms such as batik
(wax-resist dyeing), wayang kulit (shadow puppetry), dance, and music. These arts often
convey stories from mythology, folklore, or historical events.
5.Traditional Clothing: Traditional attire varies across regions and ethnic groups. Batik and
sarongs are commonly worn, and the style of clothing often holds cultural significance.

13. 6. Religious Architecture: Indonesia is home to various
religious structures reflecting its religious diversity. Notable
examples include the Borobudur and Prambanan temples,
as well as mosques, churches, and Hindu temples across the
archipelago.
7. Contemporary Culture: Modern Indonesian culture
encompasses contemporary art, literature, music, and film.
Indonesia has a vibrant pop culture scene with a fusion of
traditional and modern influences.
8. Cultural Practices and Social Norms: Understanding daily
life practices, social etiquette, and norms provides insights
into the cultural fabric of Indonesia. This includes traditional
greetings, familial structures, and community engagement.
9.Indigenous Beliefs and Rituals: Some communities in
Indonesia adhere to indigenous belief systems, involving
rituals and ceremonies that reflect a deep connection to
nature and the spiritual world.

14. FOLK CULTURE
Pencak Silat (Martial Arts): Pencak Silat, a traditional
martial art, not only serves as a form of self-defense but
also embodies cultural values and philosophy, emphasizing
discipline and respect.
Traditional Games and Pastimes: Folk games and pastimes,
such as congklak (a traditional board game) and kite flying,
reflect the playful and communal aspects of Indonesian folk
culture.
Traditional Crafts and Handicrafts: Traditional crafts,
including woodcarving, pottery, and weaving, showcase the
artistic skills and cultural expressions of local communities.
These crafts often have symbolic meanings.

15. Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppetry): Wayang
Kulit is a highly regarded traditional art
form that uses intricately crafted leather
puppets to tell stories from ancient epics. It
serves as a cultural and artistic bridge,
connecting communities through shared
narratives.
Gamelan Music: Gamelan, an ensemble of
percussion instruments, is an essential
element of Indonesian folk culture. Its
distinct melodies and rhythms accompany
various cultural events, ceremonies, and
traditional performances.

16. TRADITIONAL CULTURE
Batik and Traditional Textiles: Batik, a
wax-resist dyeing technique, is an
integral part of Indonesian culture.
Different regions have distinctive batik
patterns, and traditional textiles,
including ikat and songket, play a
crucial role in ceremonies and daily life.
Wayang Kulit (Shadow Puppetry):
Wayang kulit is a traditional form of
puppetry where intricately designed
leather puppets cast shadows on a
screen. Performances often depict
Hindu epics and moral stories,
accompanied by gamelan music.
Traditional Dance and Performing Arts:
Each region in Indonesia has its own
traditional dances, often accompanied
by specific music and costumes. Popular
dance forms include the Javanese,
Balinese, and Sundanese dances, each
with its own cultural significance.
Gamelan Music: Gamelan is a
traditional ensemble music that
includes percussion instruments such
as metallophones, xylophones, and
drums. It is a fundamental part of
ceremonies, dance performances, and
cultural events.

17. Traditional Houses and Architecture: Different regions
exhibit diverse architectural styles for traditional houses.
Examples include the joglo houses in Java, the
Tongkonan houses in Sulawesi, and the Rumah Gadang
in West Sumatra.
Traditional Weddings: Wedding ceremonies in
Indonesia are rich in cultural symbolism and traditions.
Each ethnic group has its own customs, attire, and
rituals that contribute to the uniqueness of Indonesian
wedding ceremonies.

18. TRADITIONAL FOOD
1.Nasi Goreng (Fried Rice): A staple and popular dish, Nasi Goreng consists of fried rice
cooked with a blend of sweet soy sauce, shallots, garlic, tamarind, and chilli, often served
with additional ingredients like fried eggs, prawns, or chicken.
2.Satay (Sate): Satay is skewered and grilled meat, usually served with a peanut sauce.
Popular variations include chicken satay (Sate Ayam) and beef satay (Sate Sapi).
3.Rendang: Rendang is a flavorful and aromatic slow-cooked beef stew, originating from
the Minangkabau ethnic group in West Sumatra. It is rich in coconut milk and various
spices.
4.Nasi Padang: Hailing from Padang in West Sumatra, Nasi Padang is a style of serving rice
with a variety of small portions of dishes, such as rendang, curry, fried fish, and sambal
(chilli paste).
5.Gado-Gado: Gado-Gado is a popular Indonesian salad featuring a mix of vegetables,
tofu, tempeh, and hard-boiled eggs, all drizzled with a peanut sauce dressing.

19. 6. Soto: Soto is a traditional Indonesian soup often made with a clear broth, meat
(chicken, beef, or prawns), vegetables, and rice vermicelli. It is flavored with turmeric,
lemongrass, and lime leaves.
7.Martabak: Martabak is a stuffed and folded savory or sweet pancake. Martabak Telur
is filled with eggs, minced meat, and spices, while Martabak Manis is sweet, filled with
chocolate, cheese, or peanuts.
8. Bakso: Bakso are meatballs, usually made from beef, served in a clear broth with
noodles, tofu, and vegetables. It is a popular street food and comfort dish.
9. Nasi Uduk: Nasi Uduk is coconut-infused rice, typically served with a variety of side
dishes such as fried chicken, fried anchovies, eggs, and sambal.

20. SpECIAL OCCASSION
Independence Day (Hari Kemerdekaan): Celebrated on August 17th, Independence Day
marks Indonesia's proclamation of independence from Dutch colonial rule in 1945.
Festivities include flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades, and various patriotic events.
Nyepi (Balinese New Year): Celebrated in Bali, Nyepi is a day of silence, fasting, and self-
reflection. The entire island shuts down, and people stay indoors for 24 hours to reflect
and meditate.
Chinese New Year (Imlek): Celebrated by the Chinese-Indonesian community, Chinese
New Year is marked with vibrant parades, lion and dragon dances, and family gatherings.
Waisak (Vesak): Waisak commemorates the birth, enlightenment, and death of
Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. Celebrations include processions,
prayers, and lantern festivals, with Borobudur being a focal point for festivities.
Christmas (Natal): Christmas is celebrated by the Christian community across Indonesia
with church services, decorations, and festive meals.

21. Cap Go Meh (Chap Goh Mei): The 15th day of the Chinese New Year celebrations, Cap
Go Meh is observed with colorful parades, cultural performances, and lantern displays.
National Heroes Day (Hari Pahlawan): Celebrated on November 10th, this day honors
national heroes and freedom fighters who contributed to Indonesia's independence.
Ceremonies and events take place across the country.
Kartini Day (Hari Kartini): Celebrated on April 21st, Kartini Day commemorates Raden
Ajeng Kartini, a national heroine known for her advocacy of women's rights and
education. Events include ceremonies and discussions on gender equality.

22. pRESENT ECONOMIC OvERvIEw
Indonesia, a key player in Southeast Asia, boasts a diverse
economy with contributions from agriculture, manufacturing,
services, and natural resources. The country, characterized
by a large and growing consumer market, has faced
economic fluctuations influenced by global conditions and
domestic policies. The GDP growth rate has experienced
variability, responding to factors like commodity prices and
global economic shifts. Key industries include palm oil,
rubber, textiles, automotive, and electronics, with natural
resource exports such as coal and natural gas being
significant. Tourism, once a major economic contributor,
faced setbacks due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

23. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Indonesia is a nation of immense diversity, encompassing rich cultural
traditions, a varied geographical landscape, and a dynamic economy. With its
multitude of ethnic groups, languages, and religions, Indonesia stands as a testament
to pluralism and unity in diversity. The country's natural beauty, from pristine beaches
to volcanic landscapes, contributes to its allure as a tourist destination. While facing
challenges like economic fluctuations and environmental concerns, Indonesia's ongoing
efforts for development, cultural preservation, and economic resilience position it as a
vibrant and evolving nation in Southeast Asia.

24. REFERENCE
https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Indonesia#:~:text=Indonesia%20has%20a%20ric
h%20history,are%20exhibited%20in%20the%20US.
https://www.indonesia.travel/in/en/trip-ideas/5-unique-traditions-and-rituals-you-can-
find-in-indonesia
https://academic.oup.com/book/46613/chapter-
abstract/410030935?redirectedFrom=fulltext

25. QUIZ
WHICH IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF INDONESIA?
A)Malay
B) Javanese
C) Bahasa Indonesia
D) Sundanese

26. THANK YOUU….