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An Examination of Self-control and the
Family Structure
Presenter: Melissa Bleininger
Faculty Mentor: Adrian Jones, Ph.D.
Northeast Ohio Undergraduate Sociology Symposium
BACKGROUND
Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) developed the
general theory of crime, which predicts that self-
control is a major predictor of crime.
Research finds support for the general theory of
crime.
BACKGROUND
Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) argued self-control
was set by adolescence and stable over life-course.
The authors say that family attachment influences
self-control.
Some researchers suggest that we should
investigate whether additional factors contribute to
self-control.
HYPOTHESES
H1: Higher levels of parental attachment are
significantly associated to higher levels of self-
control.
Ho: β= 0 and Ha: β≠ 0
H2: Participation in hobbies is positively associated
with one’s level of self-control.
Ho: β= 0 and Ha: β≠ 0
HYPOTHESES
H3: Participation in sports is positively associated
with one’s level of self-control.
Ho: β= 0 and Ha: β≠ 0
H4: Participation in religion is positively associated
with one’s level of self-control.
Ho: β=0 and Ha: β≠0
HYPOTHESES
H5: Respondents who are living with both biological
parents will have significantly higher levels of self-
control than respondents who are living in other
types of family arrangements.
Ho: µ1= µ2 and Ha: µ1≠µ2
H6: As parental attachments increase levels of self-
control increase, controlling for family structure, age,
sex, and race.
METHODS
Design: Quantitative, Secondary Data Analysis
Data Source: National Longitudinal Study of
Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health)
Sample: Youth grades 7-12, 6,051 respondents
Analyses: Bivariate Correlations, T-test, Regression
Variable in the Model N=6051
Biological Sex
Male
Female
48.0 (2905)
52.0 (3146)
Race
White
Black/African-American
Other
66.1 (3996)
24.5 (1484)
9.3 (568)
Past Year-Attend Religious Services
Once a week or more
At least once a month
Less than once a month
Never
46.2 (2427)
22.7 (1190)
19.4 (1016)
11.7 (615)
Hobbies
Not at all
1 or 2 times a month
3 or 4 times a month
5 or more times a month
21.0 (1269)
33.4 (2020)
22.4 (1403)
23.2 (1403)
Play an active sport
Not at all
1 or 2 times a month
3 or 4 times a month
5 or more times a month
28.1 (1702)
27.5 (1663)
19.2 (1163)
25.2 (1522)
Biological Parent
Yes
No
43.7% (2646)
56.3% (3405)
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
Range
12-18
Mean
15.8
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
Range
1.00 (Low)-
5.00(High)
Mean
4.19
Range
1.00 (Low)-
5.00(High)
Mean
4.19
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
Range
.00 (Low)-
3.00 (High)
Mean
1.96
RESULTS (H1-H4)
Variables_________________________1________2________3________4________5________6________7________8________9_______
1.Self-control _
2. Attachment .279** _
3. Hobbies .060** .069** _
4. Play an Active Sport .041** .126** .173** _
5. Religion .135** .089** .082** .055** _
6. Biological Parents .069** .044** .047** .044** .089** _
7. Age of Respondent -.101** -.158** -.086** -.162** .083** -.011 _
8. Biological Sex .098** -.069** -.059** -.274** .053** .019 .029* _
9. White -.060** -.027* .047** .017 -.155** .173** .000 -.014
RESULTS (H5)
Bio Parents Self-control 𝑿
No: 1.977
Yes: 2.017
RESULTS (H6)
CONCLUSION
• Gottfredson and Hirschi’s assumption that parental
attachment is associated with self-control was
supported.
•I found other factors like playing sports was also
associated with self-control.
•Additionally, children coming from traditional families
have significantly higher levels of self-control than
children coming from other types of family
arrangements.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Faculty Mentor: Dr. Adrian Jones
Library Director at Kent State Tuscarawas: Cherie
Bronkar
McNair Scholars Program: Dondrea Brown,
Samantha Broaddus, Emily McClain, Maria Acevedo
Thank You!
mbleinin@kent.edu

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NEOUSS

  • 1. An Examination of Self-control and the Family Structure Presenter: Melissa Bleininger Faculty Mentor: Adrian Jones, Ph.D. Northeast Ohio Undergraduate Sociology Symposium
  • 2. BACKGROUND Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) developed the general theory of crime, which predicts that self- control is a major predictor of crime. Research finds support for the general theory of crime.
  • 3. BACKGROUND Gottfredson and Hirschi (1990) argued self-control was set by adolescence and stable over life-course. The authors say that family attachment influences self-control. Some researchers suggest that we should investigate whether additional factors contribute to self-control.
  • 4. HYPOTHESES H1: Higher levels of parental attachment are significantly associated to higher levels of self- control. Ho: β= 0 and Ha: β≠ 0 H2: Participation in hobbies is positively associated with one’s level of self-control. Ho: β= 0 and Ha: β≠ 0
  • 5. HYPOTHESES H3: Participation in sports is positively associated with one’s level of self-control. Ho: β= 0 and Ha: β≠ 0 H4: Participation in religion is positively associated with one’s level of self-control. Ho: β=0 and Ha: β≠0
  • 6. HYPOTHESES H5: Respondents who are living with both biological parents will have significantly higher levels of self- control than respondents who are living in other types of family arrangements. Ho: µ1= µ2 and Ha: µ1≠µ2 H6: As parental attachments increase levels of self- control increase, controlling for family structure, age, sex, and race.
  • 7. METHODS Design: Quantitative, Secondary Data Analysis Data Source: National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (ADD Health) Sample: Youth grades 7-12, 6,051 respondents Analyses: Bivariate Correlations, T-test, Regression
  • 8. Variable in the Model N=6051 Biological Sex Male Female 48.0 (2905) 52.0 (3146) Race White Black/African-American Other 66.1 (3996) 24.5 (1484) 9.3 (568) Past Year-Attend Religious Services Once a week or more At least once a month Less than once a month Never 46.2 (2427) 22.7 (1190) 19.4 (1016) 11.7 (615) Hobbies Not at all 1 or 2 times a month 3 or 4 times a month 5 or more times a month 21.0 (1269) 33.4 (2020) 22.4 (1403) 23.2 (1403) Play an active sport Not at all 1 or 2 times a month 3 or 4 times a month 5 or more times a month 28.1 (1702) 27.5 (1663) 19.2 (1163) 25.2 (1522) Biological Parent Yes No 43.7% (2646) 56.3% (3405)
  • 12. RESULTS (H1-H4) Variables_________________________1________2________3________4________5________6________7________8________9_______ 1.Self-control _ 2. Attachment .279** _ 3. Hobbies .060** .069** _ 4. Play an Active Sport .041** .126** .173** _ 5. Religion .135** .089** .082** .055** _ 6. Biological Parents .069** .044** .047** .044** .089** _ 7. Age of Respondent -.101** -.158** -.086** -.162** .083** -.011 _ 8. Biological Sex .098** -.069** -.059** -.274** .053** .019 .029* _ 9. White -.060** -.027* .047** .017 -.155** .173** .000 -.014
  • 13. RESULTS (H5) Bio Parents Self-control 𝑿 No: 1.977 Yes: 2.017
  • 15. CONCLUSION • Gottfredson and Hirschi’s assumption that parental attachment is associated with self-control was supported. •I found other factors like playing sports was also associated with self-control. •Additionally, children coming from traditional families have significantly higher levels of self-control than children coming from other types of family arrangements.
  • 16. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Faculty Mentor: Dr. Adrian Jones Library Director at Kent State Tuscarawas: Cherie Bronkar McNair Scholars Program: Dondrea Brown, Samantha Broaddus, Emily McClain, Maria Acevedo