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Need a strong biologist/geneticist to answer this P element question for Drosophila... PLEASE What do you know about P-elements in Drosophila? How might P-elements have entered Drosophila melanogaster? What do you know about P-element structure? How big are the native elements? How do P-elements move around the genome? Connect your ideas to the special P- elements used in this lab. What is the connection between transposition of mobile DNA elements and DNA replication? Why are P-elements important for biologists and Drosophila researchers in particular? What do you know about the Gene Disruption Project (GDP) in Drosophila? Solution Ans.) P element is a type of transposon found particularly in Drosophila and is used for mutagenesis and for the production of genetically modified flies that is extensively used in various genetic and medical researches. It has ability to initiate a phenotype known as hybrid dysgenesis. It encodes the protein P transposase and is flanked by terminal inverted repeats which are important for its mobility. The P element enters in Drosophila by the horizontal gene transfer method. It has a sequence of 4 exons with 3 introns. The absolute splicing of the intron produces the transposase enzyme, whereas the alternative partial splicing of intron 1 and 2 produce the P element repressor. The P element is a class II transposon and it is moved by DNA-based \"cut and paste\" mechanism. The P element encodes the transposase enzyme which recognizes the 31 bp terminal inverted repeats of the P element and catalyzes P element excision and re-insertion. P element is important for biologist and genetics because nowadays it is widely used to solve many puzzles of genetics through its use in fly transformation, insertional mutagenesis as well as reverse genetics. The Gene Disruption Project (GDP) is a public collection of mutant that is created by applying a non-targeted transposon mutagenesis strategy. Its main objective is to acquire a transposable element insertion in each gene and this collection is available online and new mutants may be requested while they are being balanced. These balanced stocks are available at the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center..
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Retro copia transposons
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RNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS (COPIA) IN Drosophila
within host genomes.
As TEs comprise more than 40% of the human genome and are linked to
numerous diseases, understanding their mechanisms of mobilization and
regulation is important.
Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model organism for the study of eukaryotic
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Write a half a page discussion and criticism to the following essay.docx
Write a half a page discussion and criticism to the following essay:
1
Probing the initiation and
effectors’
phases of the somatic piRNA pathway in
Drosophila
Introduction
To understand the combining RNAi in cultured cells and analysis, it is important to know the roles of known Piwi- interacting RNA(piRNA) pathway elements particularly in the initiation and the
effecter
phases of transposon silencing. Squash is one component that is physically with Piwi
(
Brennecke
et al.,
2007)
.
The main components involved in the process are Squash, Zucchini or Armitage. These elements pose different effects on the transposon, and piRNAs. When squash expression is reduced, its effect is directly seen on the transposon. This is because when its expression is reduced, it leads to modest transposon depression but no results are seen on the piRNAs, consistent with an
effecter
role (
Browe
r, 2007)
Zucchini, on the other hand, can reduce both piRNAs and Piwi protein when altered or is tampered with. Alteration in Zucchini leads to the formation of a stable Piwi RISC known as RNA- induced silencing complex (
Brennecke
, 2008)
Continuance mutation or loss of Zucchini within its catalyst domain led to amassing of vulnerable herald transcripts from flamenco, steady with a role for this alleged nuclease in piRNA biogenesis.
There are a number of mechanisms that help regulate gene expression. The regulation is done Eukaryotic which are small RNAs, these RNAs perform the regulatory role at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. These small RNAs are divided into classes in accordance to their particular Argonaute protein partner and according to their mechanism of biogenesis. Piwi-interacting RNAs play a role of binding Piwi –clade Argonaute proteins and
they do this in the gonadal tissues. Here, the piRNAs silence mobile genetic elements thereby guarding the integrity of the genome.
The piRNA pathway is divided into a number of phases namely: initiation phase, effectors phase and adaptation phase. There are different things happening in the three phases and this is why the activities were divided into the phases.
Initiati
on
Phase
There are a number of things that happen in the initiation phase:
•
Production of small RNAs called piRNAs. The piRNAs are produced from their generative loci known as piRNA clusters.
•
The piRNA give rise to long, presumably single-stranded precursor transcripts which are produced as a result of unknown biogenesis mechanism into small RNAs that are larger than canonical microRNAs.
•
The piRNAs are stabilized when they are associated with Piwi proteins from Piwi RISCs.
•
The Piwi RISCs have additional proteins that help in the facilitation of target recognition and silencing
(
Lau
et al., 2009).
Effectors
Phase
There are many things that happen in the effectors phase:
•
Identification of target which is made by the Piwi RISCs via the complementary base-pairing
(
Lau
et al, 2006)
•
Conservation of .
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Solution
Human genome project: Human genome project initially stated to examine the single nucleotide
polymorphism among the human populations. The main goals are the type of genetic methods
used predominantly to produce genetic maps of all human chromosomes finally sequencing the
approximately three billion nitrogen base pairs within human DNA. Human genome project is
useful to analyze the existence of genetic variants in dissimilar progeny.
According to human genome project, NHGRI, \"trait is defined as the phenotypic feature i.e.
mainly representing a specific encoding character of a gene in any organism. The ramifications
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genome evolution followed by segmental duplication\". These genomic alterations are going to
trigger evolutionary aspects of changes in gene expression so that genomics and proteomics have
meticulous importance in explaining complexities of genome transcription. This is because a
majority of human genome is transposbale elements and only 1.5% of genome is going to code
for proteins
So that Genome is defined as the total genetic content of the organism including organelles,
inside the chromosomes that represent that organism\'s genetic character. Intron is the noncoding
nucleotide codons (A, G, C, U) on messenger RNA for any amino acid. It is produced through
gene expression or transcription in the presence of RNA polymerase. It is removed through
splicing by spliceosomes. Exon is the coding nucletode codons (A, G, C, U) on messenger RNA
for any amino acid. It is produced through gene expression or transcription in the presence of
RNA polymerase. It is not removed through splicing by spliceosomes.
Haplotype: Accoridng to human genome project, NHGRI, a haplotype is the inheriting genetic
material of DNA sequences (combinations of alleles) i.e. situated on the adjacent location of
chromosomes of the organism.
Epigenetics- inheritance phenomenon of human genome project: This explained by the following
examples including genomic imprinting by which certain genes expressed in a parent-of-origin-
specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father imprinted, thereby gene silenced, and only
the allele from the mother expressed. A gene, which needed efficient placental growth to supply
nutrients and its expression, is active from maternal allele and inactive of paternal allele.
Proteomics methods are predominantly have been using by the researchers to analyze the
evolving definition of a gene based on expanding knowledge of the complexities of genome
transcription. This is done via the genomic wide sequencing analysis of horizontal gene transfer
of bacterial evolution & intragenomic alterations in eukaryotes finally it is possible to deduce an
evolutiona.
10.1101gad.1968110Access the most recent version at doi 2.docx
10.1101/gad.1968110Access the most recent version at doi:
2010 24: 2499-2504 originally published online October 21, 2010Genes Dev.
Astrid D. Haase, Silvia Fenoglio, Felix Muerdter, et al.
Drosophilapathway in
Probing the initiation and effector phases of the somatic piRNA
Material
Supplemental
http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/suppl/2010/10/15/gad.1968110.DC1.html
References
http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/24/22/2499.full.html#ref-list-1
This article cites 29 articles, 15 of which can be accessed free at:
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Probing the initiation and
effector phases of the somatic
piRNA pathway in Drosophila
Astrid D. Haase,1 Silvia Fenoglio,1 Felix Muerdter,1
Paloma M. Guzzardo,1 Benjamin Czech,1
Darryl J. Pappin,1 Caifu Chen,2 Assaf Gordon,1
and Gregory J. Hannon1,3
1Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor,
New York 11724, USA; 2Genomic Assays R&D Life
Technologies, Foster City, California 94404, USA
Combining RNAi in cultured cells and analysis of mutant
animals, we probed the roles of known Piwi-interacting
RNA (piRNA) pathway components in the initiation and
effector phases of transposon silencing. Squash associated
physically with Piwi, and reductions in its expression led
to modest transposon derepres ...
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Write a half a page discussion and criticism to the following essay.docx
Write a half a page discussion and criticism to the following essay:
1
Probing the initiation and
effectors’
phases of the somatic piRNA pathway in
Drosophila
Introduction
To understand the combining RNAi in cultured cells and analysis, it is important to know the roles of known Piwi- interacting RNA(piRNA) pathway elements particularly in the initiation and the
effecter
phases of transposon silencing. Squash is one component that is physically with Piwi
(
Brennecke
et al.,
2007)
.
The main components involved in the process are Squash, Zucchini or Armitage. These elements pose different effects on the transposon, and piRNAs. When squash expression is reduced, its effect is directly seen on the transposon. This is because when its expression is reduced, it leads to modest transposon depression but no results are seen on the piRNAs, consistent with an
effecter
role (
Browe
r, 2007)
Zucchini, on the other hand, can reduce both piRNAs and Piwi protein when altered or is tampered with. Alteration in Zucchini leads to the formation of a stable Piwi RISC known as RNA- induced silencing complex (
Brennecke
, 2008)
Continuance mutation or loss of Zucchini within its catalyst domain led to amassing of vulnerable herald transcripts from flamenco, steady with a role for this alleged nuclease in piRNA biogenesis.
There are a number of mechanisms that help regulate gene expression. The regulation is done Eukaryotic which are small RNAs, these RNAs perform the regulatory role at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. These small RNAs are divided into classes in accordance to their particular Argonaute protein partner and according to their mechanism of biogenesis. Piwi-interacting RNAs play a role of binding Piwi –clade Argonaute proteins and
they do this in the gonadal tissues. Here, the piRNAs silence mobile genetic elements thereby guarding the integrity of the genome.
The piRNA pathway is divided into a number of phases namely: initiation phase, effectors phase and adaptation phase. There are different things happening in the three phases and this is why the activities were divided into the phases.
Initiati
on
Phase
There are a number of things that happen in the initiation phase:
•
Production of small RNAs called piRNAs. The piRNAs are produced from their generative loci known as piRNA clusters.
•
The piRNA give rise to long, presumably single-stranded precursor transcripts which are produced as a result of unknown biogenesis mechanism into small RNAs that are larger than canonical microRNAs.
•
The piRNAs are stabilized when they are associated with Piwi proteins from Piwi RISCs.
•
The Piwi RISCs have additional proteins that help in the facilitation of target recognition and silencing
(
Lau
et al., 2009).
Effectors
Phase
There are many things that happen in the effectors phase:
•
Identification of target which is made by the Piwi RISCs via the complementary base-pairing
(
Lau
et al, 2006)
•
Conservation of .
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Solution
Human genome project: Human genome project initially stated to examine the single nucleotide
polymorphism among the human populations. The main goals are the type of genetic methods
used predominantly to produce genetic maps of all human chromosomes finally sequencing the
approximately three billion nitrogen base pairs within human DNA. Human genome project is
useful to analyze the existence of genetic variants in dissimilar progeny.
According to human genome project, NHGRI, \"trait is defined as the phenotypic feature i.e.
mainly representing a specific encoding character of a gene in any organism. The ramifications
of the Human Genome Project involve the gene transcription based on the \"genome annotation,
genome evolution followed by segmental duplication\". These genomic alterations are going to
trigger evolutionary aspects of changes in gene expression so that genomics and proteomics have
meticulous importance in explaining complexities of genome transcription. This is because a
majority of human genome is transposbale elements and only 1.5% of genome is going to code
for proteins
So that Genome is defined as the total genetic content of the organism including organelles,
inside the chromosomes that represent that organism\'s genetic character. Intron is the noncoding
nucleotide codons (A, G, C, U) on messenger RNA for any amino acid. It is produced through
gene expression or transcription in the presence of RNA polymerase. It is removed through
splicing by spliceosomes. Exon is the coding nucletode codons (A, G, C, U) on messenger RNA
for any amino acid. It is produced through gene expression or transcription in the presence of
RNA polymerase. It is not removed through splicing by spliceosomes.
Haplotype: Accoridng to human genome project, NHGRI, a haplotype is the inheriting genetic
material of DNA sequences (combinations of alleles) i.e. situated on the adjacent location of
chromosomes of the organism.
Epigenetics- inheritance phenomenon of human genome project: This explained by the following
examples including genomic imprinting by which certain genes expressed in a parent-of-origin-
specific manner. If the allele inherited from the father imprinted, thereby gene silenced, and only
the allele from the mother expressed. A gene, which needed efficient placental growth to supply
nutrients and its expression, is active from maternal allele and inactive of paternal allele.
Proteomics methods are predominantly have been using by the researchers to analyze the
evolving definition of a gene based on expanding knowledge of the complexities of genome
transcription. This is done via the genomic wide sequencing analysis of horizontal gene transfer
of bacterial evolution & intragenomic alterations in eukaryotes finally it is possible to deduce an
evolutiona.
10.1101gad.1968110Access the most recent version at doi 2.docx
10.1101/gad.1968110Access the most recent version at doi:
2010 24: 2499-2504 originally published online October 21, 2010Genes Dev.
Astrid D. Haase, Silvia Fenoglio, Felix Muerdter, et al.
Drosophilapathway in
Probing the initiation and effector phases of the somatic piRNA
Material
Supplemental
http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/suppl/2010/10/15/gad.1968110.DC1.html
References
http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/24/22/2499.full.html#ref-list-1
This article cites 29 articles, 15 of which can be accessed free at:
Service
Email Alerting
click here.right corner of the article or
Receive free email alerts when new articles cite this article - sign up in the box at the top
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Copyright © 2010 by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
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RESEARCH COMMUNICATION
Probing the initiation and
effector phases of the somatic
piRNA pathway in Drosophila
Astrid D. Haase,1 Silvia Fenoglio,1 Felix Muerdter,1
Paloma M. Guzzardo,1 Benjamin Czech,1
Darryl J. Pappin,1 Caifu Chen,2 Assaf Gordon,1
and Gregory J. Hannon1,3
1Watson School of Biological Sciences, Howard Hughes Medical
Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor,
New York 11724, USA; 2Genomic Assays R&D Life
Technologies, Foster City, California 94404, USA
Combining RNAi in cultured cells and analysis of mutant
animals, we probed the roles of known Piwi-interacting
RNA (piRNA) pathway components in the initiation and
effector phases of transposon silencing. Squash associated
physically with Piwi, and reductions in its expression led
to modest transposon derepres ...
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Write about Participatory Design Issues and Concerns (use your own.pdf
Write about Participatory Design: Issues and Concerns? (use your own word about 500 words
not copy paste from another website pl.)
Solution
Participatory design is also called as co-operative design or co-design.It can be said as an
approach to design which invloves active participation of all the stakeholders in the design
process to ensure the final result meets its requirement.It is rather a process and procedure of
design than a design style.According to market study and surveys designers do a better job in a
co-design environment than they do with there own ideas.
We discuss three main issues addressed by Participatory Design researchers -
1)politics of design : This is one of the main concern for many design researchers and
practitioners.For example, the introduction of new frameworks such as system design or
platforms related to the introduction of computer-based systems and power dynamics that
emerge within the workspace. The automation process of system platforms has created a huge
concern within the workers as it is threatening their ownership over the work and involvement.
2)nature of participation : One of the major international organization Project for Public Spaces
create opportunities for continuous participation in the design and creation of place which is
believed to be the essential ingredient for successful environments. Project for Public Spaces
creates a new platform for the community to participate and reflect their initimate knowledge.A
method called Place Performance Evaluation or Place Game is used where groups from the
community are taken on the site of proposed development.They use their knowledge to design
strategies from which society will be benefited.
3)method, tools and techniques for participation : Distributed participatory design is a design
approach that involves direct participation of users and other stakeholders in system analysis and
design work.At present design teams most often are distributed leads to a need for support and
knowledge gathered from design of distributed systems. Distributed Participatory design focuses
on developing an understanding between different stakeholders in distributed design teams by
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Why do some vertebrates, like a hellbender salamander, exchange oxyg.pdf
Why do some vertebrates, like a hellbender salamander, exchange oxygen as well as carbon
dioxide through their skin but bony fishes, like a goldfish, only exchange oxygen? (Choose One)
A. Goldfish do not produce CO2 since they live completely underwater
B. Goldfish have gills that diffuse CO2 while hellbender salamanders do not
C. Only young goldfish diffuse just O2 through their skin but adult goldfish diffuse both gases
D. Hellbender salamanders have hair-like projections on their skin, enabling them to diffuse both
gases
Solution
Answer - Option D - Hellbender salamanders have hair like projections on their skin, enabling
them to diffuse both gases.
Because they have cutaneous respiration..
Which of the following is the most direct source of energy for cotran.pdf
Which of the following is the most direct source of energy for cotransport? The movement of
one of the transported substances up its concentration gradient The movement of one of the
transported substances down its concentration gradient ATP hydrolysis ATP formation
Cotransport requires no energy
Solution
ATP hydrolysis
The direct source of energy for Cotransport is ATP hydrolysis to ADP means it can be achieved
by active transport..
Which minerals commonly show pleochroisma. Isometric minerals.pdf
Which minerals commonly show pleochroism?
a. Isometric minerals
b. Triclinic minerals
c. Framework silicates
d. Mafic minerals
e. Quartz
Solution
A substance which appears to be different colors when observed at different angles, with
polarized light is called Pleochroism. it is an optical phoenomenon.
Triclinic minerals show pleochroism.
Answer is (b)..
Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards. Determine the pro.pdf
Two cards are drawn from a standard deck of cards. Determine the probability that the first card
is a Heart and the second card is an Ace.
Solution
Here,
P(heart then ace) = P(heart) P(ace|first is heart of ace) + P(heart) P(ace|first is not heart of ace)
Thus,
P(heart then ace) = (1/4)(3/51) + (1/4)(4/51)
= 7/204 or 0.034313725 [ANSWER].
The probability that a student will find a (desirable) job before gr.pdf
The probability that a student will find a (desirable) job before graduation is .47 and the
probability that a student will get married before graduation in .38. The probability that a student
will get a job and get married before graduation is .17. What is the probability that a student will
either find a job or get married before graduation?
Solution.
The Northern Pacific Railroad actively lobbied for which of the foll.pdf
The Northern Pacific Railroad actively lobbied for which of the following?
Solution
The Northern Pacific Railroad did eventually lobby for the idea of a national park when in 1871
when Judge William D. Kelley sent a letter by way of Northern Pacific Railroad executive A. B.
Nettleton to Ferdinand Hayden to lobby in Congress for a national park..
The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant .pdf
The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that vertical
transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal
transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant the spread of viruses from trees
and tall plants to bushes and other smaller plants, and horizontal transmission is the spread of
viruses among plants of similar size the spread of viruses from upper leaves to lower leaves of
the plant, and horizontal transmission is the spread of a virus among leaves at the same general
level the transfer of DNA from a plant of one species to a plant of a different species, and
horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of the same species What is the
main structural difference between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses? Enveloped viruses
have their genetic material enclosed by a layer made only of protein. Both types of viruses have
a capsid and phospholipid membrane; but in the nonenveloped virus the genetic material is
between these two membranes, while in the enveloped virus the genetic material is inside both
membranes. Enveloped viruses have a phospholipid membrane outside their capsid, whereas
nonenveloped viruses do not have a phospholipid membrane. Nonenveloped viruses have only a
phospholipid membrane, while enveloped viruses have two membranes, the other one being a
protein capsid. If all prokaryotes on Earth suddenly vanished, which of the following would be
the most likely and most direct result? There would be no more pathogens on Earth. Human
populations would thrive in the absence of disease. The recycling of nutrients would be greatly
reduced, at least initially. Bacteriophage numbers would dramatically increase. Viruses are
referred to as obligate parasites because they cannot reproduce outside of a host cell viral DNA
always inserts itself into host DNA. they invariably kill any cell they infect. they can
iocorporate nucleic acids from other viruses they must use enzymes encoded by the virus itself
Bacteriophage DNA that have become integrated into the host cell chromosome are called
intemperate bacteriophages. traosposons. prophages. T-even phages. plasmids. Virulent
pahges undergo a(n) life cycles, whereas temperate phages are capable of undergoing a(n)
cycle. infective; retroviral lysogenic; lytic lytic; lysogenic retroviral; infective Infective;
benign
Solution
36.Answer a. In Horizontal transmission spread of virus takes place from one plant to other
while vertical transmission involves transfer of virus from plant to offspring
37.Answer c. Phospholipid enclosed virus they are enveloped virus while other lack
phospholipid membrane
38.Answer c.microbes help in recycling of material.
39.Answer a. Reproduction takes place inside host
40. Answer d. Known as phage
41.Answer c : Lyric and lysogenic phage.
select all that apply to ground substanceSolutionLets us see w.pdf
select all that apply to ground substance
Solution
Lets us see what is ground substance.
It is an amorphous gel-like or a transparent flud substance surrounding the cells,present in the
connective tissue .
The ground substance and fibers between cells in a connective tissue (most abundant tissues in
the body-functions : binding and supporting; consists of relatively few cells in a generous matrix
) are surrounded and supported by matrix called as extracellular matrix.
The Ground substance includes all the other components of the extracellular matrix excluding
fibers (Eg: collagen and elastic fibers).
Depending upon the tissue, the components of the ground substances vary .
Ground substance is primarily composed of water, proteoglycans,glycosaminoglycans (most
notably hyaluronan-hyaluronic acid), calcium and glycoproteins.
In cytology, it may also refers to cytosol or protoplasm.
The stroma is the tissue that forms the ground substance, base or the foundation, or the
framework of an organ, as opposed to its functional parts (parenchyma)..
Relying on the above pathway for biosynthesis of tryptophan, fill i.pdf
Relying on the above pathway for biosynthesis of tryptophan, fill in the table below to predict
growth (+) or failure to grow (-) when mutants defective in each of the trp genes are placed on
media supplemented with the compounds listed.
Solution
Answer:
A mutant for a particular gene in the tryptophan pathway will only grow when it is supplemented
with the required nutrient so that the biosynthetic pathway for the tryptophan synthesis is
resumed. The mutant strain (auxotroph) will proliferate only when the medium is supplemented
with the required substance leading to the completion of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway.
+ indicates growth when a particular supplement is given. Mutants which have dysfunctional
trpB, trpC, trpD or trpE can still grow if supplemented with any of Indole, tryptophan or
Indole+tryptophan because in all of these cases the strain will get the required tryptophan
necessary for its survival.SupplementMutanttrpAtrpBtrpCtrpDtrpENone-----Anthranilic acid----
+Indole-++++Tryptophan+++++Typtophan and indole+++++.
Question 7 (2 points)A researcher conducts a study on the realtion.pdf
Question 7 (2 points)
A researcher conducts a study on the realtionship between caffeine consumption and
performance on a math test. What kind of study is this?
Question 7 options:
There is not enough information here to tell.
Correlational
Quasi-experimental
Experimental
Save
Question 8 (2 points)
Which researcher is most likely to engage in content analysis?
Question 8 options:
Dr. Williams, who studies transcripts of police interviews with suspects.
Dr. McKenzie, who studies relationships between various personality traits.
Dr. Perryman, who studies the social skills of indigenous people.
Dr. Ramirez, who studies mathematical competence in adolescents.
Save
Question 9 (2 points)
Which of the following would be more likely to be found in an empirical research article on
bullying than in a popular magazine article on the same topic?
Question 9 options:
Opinions about why people bully from the point of view of the author of the article.
Excerpts from actual interviews with bullies and/or victims.
Summaries of the methods and results found by previous researchers on bullying accompanied
by reference citations.
Humerous anecdotes about how victims fantasize about getting back at their bullies.
Save
Question 10 (2 points)
Dr. Simmons is interested in studying attachment behavior in infants. She trained her research
assistants to recognize classic attachment behaviors such as fearful reactions to strangers and
proximity seeking with the attachment figure. The research assistants then learned to code these
behaivors while watching video tapes of infants and caregivers interacting while they waited in
the doctor\'s waiting room. What type of research is going on here?
Question 10 options:
Quasi-experimental research
Naturalistic observation
Archival data collection
Interrupted time-series designa)
There is not enough information here to tell.b)
Correlationalc)
Quasi-experimentald)
Experimental
Solution
b)
Correlational
a)
Dr. Williams, who studies transcripts of police interviews with suspects.
c)
Summaries of the methods and results found by previous researchers on bullying accompanied
by reference citations
c)
Archival data collection
b)
Correlational.
Primary difference between the income sections for form 1120 and .pdf
Primary difference between the income sections for form 1120 and 1120s
Primary difference between the income sections for form 1120 and 1120s
Solution
Answer :- The primary difference between form 1120 and 1120s is that the form 1120 is filed by
corporations on annual basis under internal revenue service (IRS) code whereas the form 1120s
is filed by S corporation (corporation who have opted for \"S\" status) on annual basis under
internal revenue service (IRS) code..
Once its readable i will be okay.SolutionI will be okay in.pdf
Once it\'s readable i will be okay.
Solution
\"I will be okay in the end. If it\'s not okay, it\'s not the end.\" What are some incidences when
this John Lennon quote was proved true in real life?
Many inspiring stories of people\'s lives show it...
Consider Abraham Lincoln. He met failure after failure throughout his life before he became the
President of USA at 52.
Thomas Edison... 10,000 failures before inventing the light bulb.
Henry Ford... was broke at the age of 40.
Conolel Sanders... broke at 65... knocked at 1000 doors before he could make his first sale of a
chicken dish...founder of KFC....
Each and everytime in life ,
On all the small tasks and bigger challenges...its proven true.
It may be preparing a cup of tea or coffee or
Working on a home . The tea or coffee after two boils are perfectly okay for me but you may
boil it more with extra milk.
I work on decor with few frames of modern art and exclusive vases but you may go for plain
walls.
A waiter takes the order and serves and is okay with it...but another one wears a smile and is
quite alert and won\'t let the glass of water to be empty because its his level of \"okay\".
So each of us working and completing our daily task work on this principle.
We try hard and reach our okay\'s.
There\'s a variation in \"okay\" of all of us...that\'s it..
Need the mutiple choice answered uslde .An)_can omunicate with a sys.pdf
Need the mutiple choice answered uslde .An)_can omunicate with a system inside a firewall
system to be used to filter out undesirable traffic and prevent employees from accessing
potentially hostile web sites Multiple-Choice Quiz e three types of event logs generated What are
the three t t bw Windows Which of the following is not a capability of 6. Windows 2003 and
Vista by A. Event, Process, and Security B. Application, User, and Security c. User, Event, and
Security network-based IDS A. Can detect denial-of-service attacks B. Can decrypt and read
encrypted traffic C. Can decode UDP and TCP packets D. Can be tuned to a particular network
Application, System, and Security What are the two main types of intrusion detection systems?
A. Network-based and host-based B. Signature-based and event-based C. Active and reactive D.
Intelligent and passive environment An active IDS can: A. Respond to attacks with TCP resets
B. Monitor for malicious activity C. A and B D. None of the above Honeypots are used to: , 7. s.
What was the first commercial, network-based 8. IDS product? A. Stalker B. NetRanger C. IDES
D. RealSecure What are the two main types of IDS signatures? 9. Egress filtering is used to
detect spam that is: A. Network-based and file-based B. Context-based and content-based C
Active and reactive A. Attract attackers by simulating systems with open network services B.
Monitor network usage by employees C. Process alarms from other IDSs D. Attract customers to
e-commerce sites A. Coming into an organization B. Sent from known spammers outside your
organization C. Leaving an organization D. Sent to mailing lists in your organization
Preventative intrusion detection systems: A. Are cheaper B. D. None of the above . Which of the
following describes a passive, host based IDS? 10. A. Runs on the local system Are designed to
stop malicious activity from occurring B. Does not C. Can l D. All of the above not interact with
the traffic around it C. Can only monitor activity D. Were the first types of IDS ook at system
event and error logs r 13:Indusion Detection Systems Detection Systems and Network Security
Solution
1. What are the three types of event logs generated by Windows 2003 and Vista systems?
D. Application, System, and Security
2. What are the two main types of intrusion detection systems?
A. Network-based and host-based
3. What was the first commercial, network-based IDS product?
B. NetRanger
4. What are the two main types of IDS signatures?
B. Context-based and content-based
5. Which of the following describes a passive, host-based IDS?
D. All of the above
6. Which of the following is not a capability of network-based IDS?
B. Can decrypt and read encrypted traffic
7. An active IDS can:
C. A and B
8. Honeypots are used to:
A. Attract attackers by simulating systems with open network services
9. Egress filtering is used to detect spam that is:
C. Leaving an organization
10. Preventative intrusion detection systems:
B. Are designed to stop m.
Modify HuffmanTree.java and HuffmanNode.java to allow the user to se.pdf
Modify HuffmanTree.java and HuffmanNode.java to allow the user to select the value of n 9 to
construct an n ary Huffman Tree. Once finished, verify the accuracy of your tree by running it
for the English Alphabet for n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. For each value of n, compute the average
codeword length. Write these in a table (n vs. ACW L(Cn)).
/ HuffmanTree.java
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class HuffmanTree {
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(\"Enter the file name: \");
String fileName = in.nextLine();
ArrayList nodes = new ArrayList<>();
ArrayList temp = new ArrayList<>();
try {
Scanner fin = new Scanner(new FileReader(fileName));
String symbol;
double prob;
while(fin.hasNext()){
symbol = fin.next();
prob = fin.nextDouble();
nodes.add(findInsertIndex(nodes, prob), new HuffmanNode(symbol, prob));
}
fin.close();
temp.addAll(nodes);
HuffmanNode root = createHuffmanTree(temp);
setCodeWords(root);
double avg = 0;
for (HuffmanNode node : nodes) {
System.out.println(node.getS() + \": \" + node.getC() + \": \" + node.getL());
avg += node.getL();
}
if(avg != 0)
avg /= nodes.size();
System.out.println(\"Average code length is: \" + avg);
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private static HuffmanNode createHuffmanTree(ArrayList nodes){
HuffmanNode root = null;
if(nodes.size() > 0) {
HuffmanNode node0, node1, node;
while (nodes.size() > 1) {
node0 = nodes.get(0);
node1 = nodes.get(1);
node = new HuffmanNode(null, node0.getP() + node1.getP());
node.setLeft(node0);
node.setRight(node1);
nodes.remove(0);
nodes.remove(0);
nodes.add(findInsertIndex(nodes, node.getP()), node);
}
root = nodes.get(0);
}
return root;
}
private static void setCodeWords(HuffmanNode root){
if(root != null){
setCodeWords(root, \"\");
}
}
private static void setCodeWords(HuffmanNode root, String codeWord){
if(root.getS() != null){
root.setC(codeWord);
root.setL(codeWord.length());
}
else{
setCodeWords(root.getLeft(), codeWord + \"0\");
setCodeWords(root.getRight(), codeWord + \"1\");
}
}
private static int findInsertIndex(ArrayList nodes, double prob){
for(int i = 0; i < nodes.size(); ++i){
if(prob < nodes.get(i).getP()){
return i;
}
}
return nodes.size();
}
}
// HuffmanNode.java
public class HuffmanNode {
private String S;
private double P;
private String C;
private int L;
private HuffmanNode left, right;
public HuffmanNode(String s, double p) {
S = s;
P = p;
}
public String getS() {
return S;
}
public void setS(String s) {
S = s;
}
public double getP() {
return P;
}
public void setP(double p) {
P = p;
}
public String getC() {
return C;
}
public void setC(String c) {
C = c;
}
public int getL() {
return L;
}
public void setL(int l) {
L = l;
}
public HuffmanNode getLeft() {
return left;
}
public void setLeft(HuffmanNode left) {
this.left = left;
}
public HuffmanNode getRight() {
return right;
}
public void se.
Listed are 2 of the core theories of evolution. For each, give a def.pdf
Listed are 2 of the core theories of evolution. For each, give a definition or brief explanation of
the theory and 2 examples of the type of evidence we have that supports the theory.
The theory of common descent –
2 examples of supporting evidence:
The theory of natural selection –
2 examples of supporting evidence:
Solution
Evolution:
Evolution is a process of change through time. It is the process by which modern organisms have
descended from ancient organisms.
In genetic terms, the change in the frequency of alleles in populations from one generation to
another generation. (change over time).
A. The theory of common descent:
According to the principle of common descent, all species (living and extinct) are descended
from ancient common ancestors.
In common descent theory darwin explains, that organisms are descended from common
ancestors that gradually change over time into entirely new organism.
To create new species, many generations must pass on traits with slight modifications.
Examples:
1. Archaeopteryx is between reptiles and birds.
2. Eustheopteron is an amphibious fish.
3. Seymouria is a reptile-like amphibian.
4. Therapsids were mammal-like reptiles.
B. Darwin\'s Natural selection:
According to the Darwin, It is the process that results in adaptation of an organism to its
environment which means of selectivity reproducing changes in the genotype.
In the process of evolution the natural selection is a basic mechanism, it is mainly happens due to
the mutations, migrations and genetic drift.
Examples:
1. The beaks of Darwin finches. The finches of the Galapagos islands were adopted to the island
in different ways, but are believed to share a common ancestor.
2. Peppered moths and industrial pollution: Natural selection favored dark colored moths in areas
of heavy pollution, while light colored moths are survived better in less polluted area.
3.The soapberry bugs have must mutated their beaks length genes, when they ran out of food.
Beak size variation:
In South Florida soapberry bugs feed on balloon vine tree with large fruits, longer beak present
in them.
In North Florida soapberry bugs feed on golden rain tree with small fruits, they have shorter
beaks..
Light is confined within the core of a simple clad optical fiber by.pdf
Light is confined within the core of a simple clad optical fiber by?
Solution
An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielec wave guide (nonconducting waveguide) that transmits
light along its axis, by the process of total internal reflection. To confine the optical signal in the
core, therefractive index of the core must be greater than that of the cladding..
Let L R^n rightarrow R^m be a linear transformation. Show that if n .pdf
Let L: R^n rightarrow R^m be a linear transformation. Show that if n > m, then L must have a
nontrivial kernel, i.e., dim(ker(L)) > 0. If n lessthanorequalto m does L have to be one-to-one?
Solution
For second proof,
If T is one-one, it can\'t map a non-zero vector into 0, since it already maps 0 into 0. This means
that its kernel can contain only 0.
Suppose the kernel contains just the zero vector. To check if T is one-one, check if it can map
two different vectors u and v in Rn into the same vector in Rm. If T(u) = T(v), then T(u – v) =
T(u) – T(v) = 0. This means that the non-zero vectoru – v is in the kernel of T, which is
impossible since we assumed the kernel contained just 0. Then T cannot map different vectors
into the same vector, and must be one-one..
IS path vector routing algorithm closer to the distance vector rou.pdf
: IS path vector routing algorithm closer to the distance vector routing algorithm or to the link
state routing algorithm? Explain.
Solution
The path-vector routing algorithm is truly distance-vector routing using the finest path instead of
the direct distance as the metric. Each node first create a forwarding table. Assuming it can only
arrive at instant neighbors . The forwarding table is slowly better as path vectors turn up from the
instant neighbors..
a growth medium that can determine if a bacterium contains several d.pdf
a growth medium that can determine if a bacterium contains several different types of enzymes
or characteristics.
a multitest
b selective
c differential
d enriched
e all of the above
Solution
b selective
Selective media allows the growth of certain type of organisms, it contains several different
types of enzymes or characteristics..
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The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant .pdf
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select all that apply to ground substanceSolutionLets us see w.pdf
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Primary difference between the income sections for form 1120 and .pdf
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Once its readable i will be okay.SolutionI will be okay in.pdf
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Listed are 2 of the core theories of evolution. For each, give a def.pdf
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Light is confined within the core of a simple clad optical fiber by.pdf
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Let L R^n rightarrow R^m be a linear transformation. Show that if n .pdf
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a growth medium that can determine if a bacterium contains several d.pdf
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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