Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of negative, defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior toward authority figures that damages social and academic functioning. Potential causes include genetics, developmental delays, inconsistent parenting, abuse or neglect. Treatments involve individual and family therapy, parent training, social skills training, and medication if co-occurring conditions like ADHD are present. Teachers can help by using positive reinforcement, indirect praise, limiting directives, and taking breaks to de-escalate conflicts.