This document discusses who voted for the Nazi party in Germany in the early 1930s. It presents several perspectives from historians and social scientists. While some argued the typical Nazi voter was young, male, Protestant and middle class, more recent analysis shows that around 40% of Nazi party members and voters came from working class backgrounds. The Nazi vote was relatively low in areas with high unemployment and higher in areas with low unemployment, while the Communist vote was stronger where unemployment was higher. The document discusses some of the challenges in accurately analyzing voter data from this period.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: WHY WAS STALIN VICTORIOUS OVER TROTSKY?George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: WHY WAS STALIN VICTORIOUS OVER TROTSKY? Contains: Lenin's demise and thoughts, Stalin's propaganda, Stalin's political power, Trotsky's political power, Trotsky as a viable replacement for Lenin, New Opposition, exiled, Lenin's role in Stalin rise to power, downfall for Trotsky, differences between Stalin and Trotsky, Trotsky weak in playing politics.
The cult of personality as an important feature of totalitarian propagandaPrzegląd Politologiczny
The totalitarian system, in contrast to the system of representative democracy (based on
impersonal procedures), is strongly related to the position of the leader. Therefore, the cult of the individual not only serves to consolidate the power of a totalitarian leader, but also contributes to the
legitimacy of the entire political system. The article presents the propagation and creation of the cult of
the individual around three leaders of totalitarian states: Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler.
Annotating Time and Place: Mapping Collective and Cultural Memory of the Grea...Susan Rauch, PhD
Presented at 2014 War Memories Conference, Rennes France.
Archival research of the Anna Coleman Ladd Red Cross File located in the Smithsonian Institute's Art of the American Archives in Washington D.C. Submitted for publication review.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: WHY WAS STALIN VICTORIOUS OVER TROTSKY?George Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: WHY WAS STALIN VICTORIOUS OVER TROTSKY? Contains: Lenin's demise and thoughts, Stalin's propaganda, Stalin's political power, Trotsky's political power, Trotsky as a viable replacement for Lenin, New Opposition, exiled, Lenin's role in Stalin rise to power, downfall for Trotsky, differences between Stalin and Trotsky, Trotsky weak in playing politics.
The cult of personality as an important feature of totalitarian propagandaPrzegląd Politologiczny
The totalitarian system, in contrast to the system of representative democracy (based on
impersonal procedures), is strongly related to the position of the leader. Therefore, the cult of the individual not only serves to consolidate the power of a totalitarian leader, but also contributes to the
legitimacy of the entire political system. The article presents the propagation and creation of the cult of
the individual around three leaders of totalitarian states: Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler.
Annotating Time and Place: Mapping Collective and Cultural Memory of the Grea...Susan Rauch, PhD
Presented at 2014 War Memories Conference, Rennes France.
Archival research of the Anna Coleman Ladd Red Cross File located in the Smithsonian Institute's Art of the American Archives in Washington D.C. Submitted for publication review.
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: THE KEY ROLE OF SECRETARIAT IN STALIN'S VICTORYGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: THE KEY ROLE OF SECRETARIAT IN STALIN'S VICTORY. Contains: the key role of the secretariat, struggle for power at all levels, Stalin's measures applauded, deception and passive resistance,
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: THE KEY ROLE OF SECRETARIAT IN STALIN'S VICTORYGeorge Dumitrache
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: THE KEY ROLE OF SECRETARIAT IN STALIN'S VICTORY. Contains: the key role of the secretariat, struggle for power at all levels, Stalin's measures applauded, deception and passive resistance,
DEPTH STUDY GERMANY: WEIMAR REPUBLIC - 08. NAZIS IN THE WILDERNESSGeorge Dumitrache
The “Lean Years” (also called the "wilderness" years) of Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany refer to the period between 1924 and 1928 when the Nazi party did not have high levels of support and still suffered from humiliation over the Munich Putsch. Why where these years “lean”?
Brief Biography of Martin NiemöllerMartin Niemöller (pronounce.docxhartrobert670
Brief Biography of Martin Niemöller
Martin Niemöller (pronounced Nee-mū-ler), born in 1892, served in the German navy as a Uboat
commander during World War I. He was ordained as a Lutheran pastor in 1924 and showed
early enthusiasm for Adolf Hitler’s ideas for the rebuilding of the German nation. But once
Hitler came to power in 1933, Niemöller quickly became a critic of the Nazi leader’s militant
and anti-Semitic actions and his attacks on the Protestant churches in Germany. Niemöller,
along with other like-minded religious leaders—most famously Dietrich Bonhoeffer—formed a
resistance movement called the Confessional Church. These leaders preached against Hitler and
Nazism in the mid and late 1930s as WWII loomed. Hitler, seeking to silence any opposition,
ordered the leaders of the Confessional Church arrested and sent to concentration camps.
Niemöller was arrested in 1937 by Nazi authorities and sent first to Sachsenhausen and then to
Dachau concentration camp. He stayed imprisoned until he was liberated by the Allies in the
spring of 1945.
Soon after the war, Niemöller helped compose the “Stuttgart Confession of Guilt,”
acknowledging the German people’s collective guilt for the Holocaust. From 1961-1968 he
served as President of the World Council of Churches. Throughout the rest of his life he
preached reconciliation and disarmament. Martin Niemöller died in 1984.
Niemöller’s Famous Statement (Poem)
“In Germany they came first for the Communists, and I didn't speak up because I
wasn't a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn't speak up because
I wasn't a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn't speak up
because I wasn't a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didn't
speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me, and by that time no
one was left to speak up.”
--Martin Niemöller, 1945
Although Niemöller and other Germans actively preached and campaigned against Nazism in the
1930s, millions of others did nothing or actively supported Hitler as he consolidated his power
and spread oppression and murder across Europe. Niemöller’s stirring quote was a statement
aimed at all Germans for allowing such things to happen. His eloquent words soon became
synonymous with the struggles of individual and national consciences everywhere, as the world
came to recognize the enormous horrors of the Holocaust and the other atrocities of WWII.
Today a debate about collective guilt during WWII still rages amongst academics and in the
popular media. Even today, Niemöller’s words have meaning. They are often altered to fit differing political or social agendas, but they stand as a universal call for social action and solidarity and vigilance in the face of oppression and injustice.
THE HOLOCAUST AN HISTORICAL SUMMARY
The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic annihilation of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and their collaborators as a central act of state during World War II. In 1933 approx ...
The rise of extremism and the collapse of the weimar democracyJurgen Marechal
Geschiedenis: De opkomst van het extremisme en de ondergang van de Weimar democratie
I use my own material and material from colleagues who have presented their work also on internet.
I claim nothing. This is merely educational fair use.
Educational fair use:
"the fair use of a copyrighted work (...) for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright"
But I claim nothing, All trademarks, works and images used are properties of their respective owners. If I violate any form of copyright please contact me and I will give credit.
Discusses Hitler's rise to power in Germany's political system; Discusses American Neutrality and preparation for war; discusses contributions by women, African Americans, native Americans and Japanese Internment.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. “Since the inception of the Nazi
Party, social scientists have
attempted to define its nature in
terms of its membership. Scholars
have described the party variously
as a class movement, a regional
movement, an anti-urban revolt
against modernity, a generational
revolt, even as a collection of
losers, cut-throats and criminals.”
Paul Madden
3. Who voted
for the Nazi
party?
Around 40% of members of the
NSDAP seem to have been of
working-class origins; similarly
40% of the Nazi votes came
from from workers in July
1932.
4. The problems
and issues
Cannot be claimed to be 100% accurate.
Issues with defining white collar worker and
blue collar worker.
Imprecise terminology within source data
meaning results inevitably have a degree of
imprecision.
Data lacks extra information required for
contemporary social class analysis.
Regression analysis works only if strong
statistical assumptions are met by the data.
No guarantee for a total elimination of bias.
5. The voting behaviour of unemployed -
unemployed worker (Arbeiter) & employee
(Angestellte):1932J = July 1932 Reichstag election;
1932N = November 1932; 1933 = March 1933
Who voted for the
NSDAP?
Falter and other historians have
shown that the Nazi vote was
relatively low in the areas of high
unemployment, and high in zones
of low unemployment, whereas the
Communist vote was markedly
stronger in areas of high
unemployment.
6. NSDAP share amongst those eligible to vote:Arbeiter = worker;
Nicht-Arbeiter = non-worker
Bullock, Bracher and
Knauerhase believed the
standard person who voted
for the nazi was young, male,
protestant and a member of
the middle class.
Who voted for the
NSDAP?
7. "We Workers Have
Awakened. We're
Voting National
Socialist."
July 1932 election poster shows
the German worker, enlightened
through Nation Socialism towering
over his opponents.
9. Secondary
Brustein, William. The logic of evil: the social origins of the Nazi Party. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1996.
Brustein, William. And J.W. Falter. “The Sociology of Nazism: An Interest-Based Account.” Rationality and Society 6, no. 3 (1994): 369-
399.
Childers, Thomas. The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Facism in Germany, 1919-1933. North Carolina: The University of North
Carolina Press, 1983.
Falter, Jürgen. “The Two Hindenburg Elections of 1925 and 1932: A Total Reversal of Voter Coalitions.” Central European History 23, no.
2-3 (June 1990): 225.
Falter, Jurgen W. and Reinhard Zintl. “The Economic Crisis of the 1930s and the Nazi Vote.” Journal of Interdisciplinary History 19, no. 1
(1988): 55.
Fischer, Conan. The Rise of the Nazis. 2nd ed. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002.
Geary, Dick. “Nazis and Workers before 1933.” American Journal of Politics and History 48, no. 1 (2002): 40-51.
Heilbronner, Oded. Catholicism, Political Culture, and the Countryside: A Social History of the Nazi Party in South Germany. Michigan:
University of Michigan Press, 1998.
Kater, Michael H. Weimar: From enlightenment to the present. New haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014.
King, Gary, Ori Rosen, Martin Tanner, and Alexander F. Wagner. “Ordinary Economic Voting Behaviour in the Extraordinary Election of
Adolf Hitler.” The Journal of Economic History 68, no. 4 (December 2008): 951-996.
Madden, Paul. “Some Social Characteristics of Early Nazi Party Members, 1919-23.” Central European History 15, no. 01 (March 1982): 34.
Madden, Paul, Detlef, Mühlberger. The Nazi Party: The Autonomy of a People’s Party, 1919-1933. Switzerland: Peter Lang Publishing,
2007.
Mühlberger, Detlef. Hitler’s Followers: Studies in the Sociology of the Nazi Movement. London: Routledge, 1991.
Mühlberger, Detlef. Hitler’s Voice: The Völkischer Beobachter, 1920-1933: Vol. 2: Nazi Ideology and Propaganda. Oxford: Peter Lang
Publishing, 2005.
Mühlberger, Detlef. The Social Bases of Nazism, 1919-1933. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
O’Lesskar, Karl. “Who Voted for Hitler? A New Look at the Class Basis of Naziism.” American Journal of Sociology 74, no. 1 (1968): 63-
69.
Stachura, Peter D. “The NSDAP and the Working Class, 1925-1933,” in Towards the Holocaust: Fascism and Anti-Semitism in Weimar
Germany, ed. Michael Dobkowski, 131-154. Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1983.
Szejnmann, Claus-Christian W. Nazism in central Germany: The Brownshirts in ‘red’ Saxony. New York: Berghahn Books, 1999.
Szejnmann, Clause-Christian W. “The Rise of the Nazi Party in the Working-Class Milieu of Saxony” in The Rise of National Socialism
and the Working Classes in Weimar Germany, Conan Fischer. New York: Berghahn Books, 1996.
Primary
The Betrayal of the German Worker, VB, No. 224, 28 September 1926.
The Immediate Programme for Creating Employment. Issue 23 of the ‘National Socialist Library Series’, VB, No. 49, 18 February 1932