Natural Sciences Unit 1 The Solar System And Earth

IES MARIA BELLIDO BAILÉN
UNIT 1 EARTH IN UNIVERSE José Cayetano Bautista Expósito

Which celestial bodies do you know?

What is this? What is this?
This is a galaxy This is a nebula

What is this bright body? What is this?
This is a star This is a comet

How is the big one called? …. A planet
The little one that orbits around the planet is called… satellite

This is an…. asteroid
When an asteroid crashes on earth it is called… meteorite


Do yow know where we live?

Yes, we live just here.
In the milky way. In this
little spot


Milky way is a spiral galaxy with about 200 billion stars….. only
It is not very big, isn't it?

And 25.000 Ly thick

It is only 100.000 Light years (Ly) wide


The Sun. The star of solar system.

Size type?
Medium size star. Type G.
Yellow: 5500ºC
Colour?
on the surface

Gases? 75% H / 25% He

Diameter? 1.400.000 Km

Rotation? C.C.W.

José Cayetano Bautista Expósito


Do you know the planets of the solar system?

Earth

Mercury

Venus Mars Uranus
Sun Neptune
Saturn Pluto
Jupiter


Where is located the asteroids belt?

Yes, just here, between Mars and Jupiter.

What are asteroids?
Big rocks with variable size that can run into
earth and other planets occasionally.
Which minor planet is in the
asteroid belt?

Yes, Ceres.


What is a comet? Rocs, ice and dust.

Tails appear because Sun hot melts part of the comet
Do you know where do the comets come from?


What is Kuiper Belt? It is the origin of Halley comet

Kuiper Belt is located beyond Pluto's orbit. There can be almost 200
million comets in it.


Which is the origin of long period comets? Oort cloud

This is Sedna: a long period
comet from Oort cloud. This is the
solar system

This is Sedna’s
orbit around the
solar system

This is the inner extent of Oort Cloud.
Isn’t it huge?

1/10

Mercury

• Smallest planet (0.4 Earth diam.)
• Closest to Sun, moves around
fastest (88 days). Spin takes 59
earth days.
• Surface -173 to 427 ºC (-280 to
800 ºF)
• Your weight on Mercury: 0,37*
weight on earth

• No atmosphere
• Surface plenty of craters


Venus
• Nearly the same size as
Earth (.95)
• Slowest rotation of any
planet (243 days)
• Very thick atmosphere
mostly CO2
• Surface temp 377 to 487 C
hotter than Mercury
• Very few craters
• Your weight on Venus:
0,88* weight on earth
• Spins C.W.
You can see it in t he night sky
wit hout a t elescope!


Earth
• 12756 km diameter
• Day: 23 h 56 minutes
• Year: 365, 26 days.
• 23,5 degree axis tilt: origin
of seasons!
• Surface temps –73 to 48 C
• Thick atmosphere made of
Nitrogen and Oxygen
mainly.
• Liquid water – lots! - at
surface
• It has a satellite: The
Moon


Mars: The red planet
• 25 degree axis tilt
(seasons!)
• Rotates once every ~24
hours and orbits the Sun
once every 687 days
•Very cold -83 to -33 C
• 6794 km diameter
•Thin atmosphere, 95% CO2
•No liquid water at surface;
ice in poles?
•Your weight on Mars: 0,38*
weight on earth
•Two small moons - Phobos
(Fear) and Deimos (Terror)


Jupiter: The giant
• 89,000 miles (143,000 km)
diameter – 11x Earth

• 10 hour rotation / 12 year orbit

• 71% mass of Solar System. (318
x Earth mass)

• Atmosphere: 90% H and 10% He

• Rocky core covered by liquid
metallic hydrogen electrical
conductor, generates magnetic
field

• 4 big satellites and another 12
little satellites like asteroids.


Saturn: The master
of the rings
• 9x the size of Earth
• Your weight on Saturn: 1,15* weight
on earth
• 97% hydrogen and 3% helium
• Rocky core surrounded by gases
• Winds up to 500 m / second
• Colder than Jupiter due to higher
distance to sun
• Water ice, dust, rocks made the rings
• 19 satellites


• 4x the size of Earth
Uranus
• Your weight on Uranus: 1,17*
weight on earth
• Hydrogen, helium, methane –
mostly ices. It is a frozen
planet.
• No rocky core
• Blue from methane absorption
of red light (atmosphere)
• It has 5 satellites
• 11 hour rotation, 84 year orbit
• Spins on an axis inclined 98
degrees and C.W. as Venus


Neptune
• H, He, methane atmosphere (blue!)
as Uranus.
• A frozen planet too but the core is
hot.
• 2 satellites
• Your weight on Neptune: 1,18* weight
on earth


Pluto:
Smaller than earth moon
Your weight on Pluto: 0,06* weight on earth
One satellite.
Is Pluto a Planet?
Yes No
It has always been considered a planet Very small
Very elliptical orbit
Out of plane of ecliptic
Same material as Kuiper belt objects
Found other “non-planets”
that were larger



END

Natural Sciences Unit 1 The Solar System And Earth

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