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Nationalism In India
- 1. Nationalism In India BY MAITHILI BHANUSHALI, GRADE 10
- 2. The First World War,Khilafat&Non- Cooperation Movement India faced many problems during war period : Increase in defenceman expenditure which was financed by war loans & increasing taxes. Prices increased 1913&1918 leading to extreme hardship for common people. Forced recruitment in rural areas caused widespread anger. 1918-19 & 1920-21 crops failure leading to acute shortages of food & was also accompanied by an influenza epidemic. People hoped that their hardships would end after the war was over but it did not happen.At this stage, a new leader, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or Mahatma Gandhi , appeared & suggested a new mode of struggle.
- 4. The Idea of Satyagarha In 1917 Gandhiji traveled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantationsystem. Then in 1917, he organized a satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat .
- 5. The Rowlatt Act Gandhiji in 1919 decidedto launch a nationwide satyagraha against the proposed RowlattAct (1919). On 13th April the infamous Jallianwala Bagh incident took place. At the Calcutta session of the Congress in September1920, he convinced other leaders of the need to start a non-cooperation movement in support of Khilafat as well as for swaraj.
- 6. Why Non-Cooperation Gandhiji believed, if Indians refused to coopercooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, &, swaraj would come. At the Congress session at Nagpur in December1920,a compromise was worked out & the Non-cooperationprogramme was adopted.
- 7. Differing Strands within the Movement.
- 8. The Movement in the Towns. The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools & colleges, headmaster& teachers M resigned, & lawyersgave up their legal practices.
- 9. Chauri Chaura 1922 At Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, a peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police. Hearing of the incident , Mahatma Gandhi called a Halt to the Non- Cooperation Movement.
- 10. Rebellion in the Countryside In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra – a sanyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an Indentured Laborer.
- 12. The Salt March & the Civil Disobedience Movement. Mahatma Gandhi started Salt March accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. On 6 April, he reached Dandi & ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water.
- 13. How participants saw the Movement. In the countryside,rich peasant communitieswere deeply disappointed when the Movementwas called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised.
- 14. Appointment of Simon Commission In February 1922, Mahatma Gandhi decided towithdraw the Non- cooperationMovement. Tory governmentin Britain constituteda Statutory Commissionunder Sir John Simon . Simon Commissionarrived in India in 1928. Simon, Go Back!
- 15. The Limits of Civil Disobedience Dr Br.R. Ambedkar clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the Second Round Table Conference by demanding separate electorate for dalits. Some of the Muslim political organizations in India were also lukewarm in their response to the CivilDisobedience Movement. British rules India because we let them to….MahatmaGandhi
- 16. The Sense of Collective Belonging The Folklore of Southern India : Ideas of nationalism developed through a movementto revive Indian folklore. In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massivefour-volume collection of Tamil folk tales, the Folklore of Southern India.