An interactive presentation of the Elements of Art and the Principles of Design, with opportunities to pause the presentation and have students make examples of the drawings in their notes.

1. Elements of ArtElements of Art
& Principles of& Principles of
DesignDesign
A slide show for students to use to learn about theA slide show for students to use to learn about the
Elements of Art and the Principles of DesignElements of Art and the Principles of Design

2. LineLine““is a dot that took a walk.”is a dot that took a walk.”

3. Gesture LinesGesture Lines““quick, almost scribblyquick, almost scribbly
line drawing thatline drawing that
captures action orcaptures action or
movement, sometimesmovement, sometimes
done in charcoal as adone in charcoal as a
preliminary sketch for apreliminary sketch for a
painting or more finishedpainting or more finished
drawing.”drawing.”
Draw a gesture drawingDraw a gesture drawing
below your definition.below your definition.

4. Hatching LinesHatching Lines
““are a series of parallelare a series of parallel
lines varying degreeslines varying degrees
apart that can also createapart that can also create
value.”value.”
Draw an object withDraw an object with
hatching lines below yourhatching lines below your
definition.definition.

5. Crosshatching LinesCrosshatching Lines
““are sets of hatchingare sets of hatching
lines that cross eachlines that cross each
other, and also can createother, and also can create
value.”value.”
DDraw an objectraw an object
using crosshatching linesusing crosshatching lines..

6. Contour LinesContour Lines““are lines that surroundare lines that surround
and define the edges of aand define the edges of a
subject, giving it shapesubject, giving it shape
and volume.”and volume.”
Draw an objectDraw an object
using contour linesusing contour lines
underneath yourunderneath your
definition.definition.

7. Blind Contour LinesBlind Contour Lines
““is a contour lineis a contour line
drawing where youdrawing where you
ONLY look at yourONLY look at your
subject, NOT yoursubject, NOT your
paper.”paper.”
Take 5 minutes toTake 5 minutes to
draw your hands usingdraw your hands using
blind contour lineblind contour line
technique underneathtechnique underneath
your definitionyour definition..

8. TextureTexture
““is how something feels when touched, or how itis how something feels when touched, or how it
looks like it would feel if touched.”looks like it would feel if touched.”

9. Actual TextureActual Texture
Lobi
Jar with Lid
20th century
Ceramic
The Minneapolis Institute of
Arts
“ is the way a surface
actually feels when you
touch it, such as the
roughness of the bark
on a tree.”
Glue something from the
box underneath your
definition for touching.

10. Simulated TextureSimulated Texture
““is how something looksis how something looks
like it would feel iflike it would feel if
touched.touched.””
Draw simulatedDraw simulated
textures underneath yourtextures underneath your
definitiondefinition..
Juan Sanchez Cotan, Still Life with Quince,
Cabbage, Melon, and Cucumber, 1600, Oil
Touching a photograph.

11. ShapeShape
““is an enclosed 2-dimensional areais an enclosed 2-dimensional area
measured with height and width.measured with height and width. ThereThere
are two different types of shapes,are two different types of shapes,
geometric and organic.”geometric and organic.”
Composition
VIII, 1923

12. Geometric ShapeGeometric Shape
““is a shape with a mathematical design. They tendis a shape with a mathematical design. They tend
to be exact and are typically made with straight linesto be exact and are typically made with straight lines
(except for circles and ovals).”(except for circles and ovals).”
Draw examples of geometric shapes underneathDraw examples of geometric shapes underneath
your definitionyour definition..
Piet Mondrian, (Dutch)
1872-1944, Boogie-
Woogie, 1942-43.
Oil on canvas, 50 x 50"
(127 x 127 cm) . The
Museum of Modern Art, New
York.

13. Organic ShapeOrganic Shape
““is a shape with natural free flowing characteristics.is a shape with natural free flowing characteristics.
They tend to be found in nature.”They tend to be found in nature.”
Draw examples of organic shapes underneathDraw examples of organic shapes underneath
your definition.your definition. Joan Miro (Spanish) 1893-
1983, The Policeman, Oil on
canvas,1925, 248 x
194.9 cm, The Art Institute Of
Chicago

14. FormForm
““is an enclosed 3-dimensional area measured withis an enclosed 3-dimensional area measured with
height, width, and volume.height, width, and volume. There are two types ofThere are two types of
form, geometric and organic.”form, geometric and organic.”
Michelangelo
Buonoratti
(Italian )
1475-1564,
David,
1501-1504, 15
feet, Marble,
Galleria
dell'Accademia,
Italy
Paul Herman, Self
Portrait Sierra de
Aracena, Sevilla,
1994,
Oil on canvas

15. Geometric FormGeometric Form
““is a form with a mathematical design. They tend to beis a form with a mathematical design. They tend to be
exact and are typically made with straight lines (exceptexact and are typically made with straight lines (except
for spheres).”for spheres).”
Draw geometric forms underneath your definitionDraw geometric forms underneath your definition..

16. Organic FormOrganic Form
““is a form with natural free flowing characteristics.is a form with natural free flowing characteristics.
They tend to be found in nature.”They tend to be found in nature.”
Draw organic forms underneath your definitionDraw organic forms underneath your definition..
Henry Moore,
Locking Piece,
1963-64
Paul Herman, Self
Portrait Sierra de
Aracena, Sevilla,
1994,
Oil on canvas
A tree found in nature

17. ValueValue““is the lightness and darkness of a color.is the lightness and darkness of a color. It canIt can
also make a flat, 2-dimensional shape have thealso make a flat, 2-dimensional shape have the
illusion of a 3-dimensional form.”illusion of a 3-dimensional form.”
Marc Chagall,
(Russian),

18. Value ScalesValue Scales
Use a #2 pencil and aUse a #2 pencil and a
colored pencil to draw twocolored pencil to draw two
6 section value scales.6 section value scales.

19. ValueValue
Hatching
Crosshatching
Scribbling
Stippling
Blending Hatching
Use a #2 pencil and draw these 6 circles,
using different value techniques

20. ColorColor““Occurs when light in different wavelengths hits ourOccurs when light in different wavelengths hits our
eyes.”eyes.”

21. ColorColorHue:Hue: is the color wheel name of the color such as yellow oris the color wheel name of the color such as yellow or
yellow-green.yellow-green.
Tint:Tint: when white is added to a color to make it lighter value.when white is added to a color to make it lighter value.
Shade:Shade: when black is added to a color to make it darker value.when black is added to a color to make it darker value.

22. Color WheelColor Wheel
Draw the color wheel shown below.Draw the color wheel shown below.

23. Color WheelColor WheelPrimary ColorsPrimary Colors: Red, Yellow, and Blue: Red, Yellow, and Blue
2 Important Things About the Primary Colors:2 Important Things About the Primary Colors:
No mixture of colors can make the primary colors.No mixture of colors can make the primary colors.
The primary colors can be mixed to make any color on the colorThe primary colors can be mixed to make any color on the color
wheel.wheel.
Color the primary colors onto your
color wheel. They are the middle
sections. Also color their tints
which are the outside sections and
their shades which are the inside
sections.
Label the color with a P next to it.
Circle the P.

24. Color WheelColor Wheel
Check that your color wheel matches this one shown below.Check that your color wheel matches this one shown below.
Yellow (P)
Blue (P)Red (P)

25. Color WheelColor WheelSecondary ColorsSecondary Colors:: Orange, Green, VioletOrange, Green, Violet
Two primary colors mixed together makeTwo primary colors mixed together make
a secondary color.a secondary color.
Color the secondary
colors onto your color
wheel. They are the
middle sections. Also
color their tints which
are the outside sections
and their shades which
are the inside sections.
Label the color with a S
next to it. Circle the S.

26. Color WheelColor Wheel
Check that your color wheel matches this one shown belowCheck that your color wheel matches this one shown below
Yellow (P)
Blue (P)Red (P)
Green
(S)
Violet (S)
Orange(S)

27. Color WheelColor WheelTertiary ColorsTertiary Colors: Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-: Yellow-Green, Blue-Green, Blue-
Violet, Red-Violet, Red-Orange, Yellow-OrangeViolet, Red-Violet, Red-Orange, Yellow-Orange
Made by mixing a primary color and a secondary colorMade by mixing a primary color and a secondary color
Important: Always say the primary color first.Important: Always say the primary color first.
Color the tertiary colors
onto your color wheel.
They are the middle
sections. Also color
their tints which are the
outside sections and
their shades which are
the inside sections.
Label the color with a T
next to it. Circle the T.

28. Color WheelColor Wheel
Yellow-Green
(T)
Yellow (P)
Green
(S)
Blue-Green
(T)
Blue
(P)Red (P)
Blue-Violet(T)
Violet (S)
Red-Violet
(T)
Red-
Orange (T)
Orange(S)
Yellow-Orange
(T)
WARM
COLORS
COOLCOLORS

29. Color SchemesColor Schemes
““Warm Colors:Warm Colors: Yellow-Green, Yellow,Yellow-Green, Yellow,
Yellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red, Red-VioletYellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red, Red-Violet
These colors pop out at you. They stand out.”These colors pop out at you. They stand out.”
Label the warm colors on your color wheel.Label the warm colors on your color wheel.

30. Color WheelColor Wheel
Yellow-Green
(T)
Yellow (P)
Green
(S)
Blue-Green
(T)
Blue
(P)Red (P)
Blue-Violet(T)
Violet (S)
Red-Violet
(T)
Red-
Orange (T)
Orange(S)
Yellow-Orange
(T)
WARM
COLORS
COOLCOLORS

31. Color SchemesColor Schemes
Cool Colors:Cool Colors: Green, Blue-Green, Blue,Green, Blue-Green, Blue,
Blue-Violet, VioletBlue-Violet, Violet
These colors recede into the background.These colors recede into the background.
Label the cool colors on your color wheelLabel the cool colors on your color wheel
Vincent Van Gogh,Vincent Van Gogh,
““Starry Night”Starry Night”,,
18891889

32. Color WheelColor Wheel
Yellow-Green
(T)
Yellow (P)
Green
(S)
Blue-Green
(T)
Blue
(P)Red (P)
Blue-Violet(T)
Violet (S)
Red-Violet
(T)
Red-
Orange (T)
Orange(S)
Yellow-Orange
(T)
WARM
COLORS
COOLCOLORS

33. Color SchemesColor Schemes
““Monochromatic:Monochromatic: is when only one color and it’sis when only one color and it’s
values are used.”values are used.”
Christine Taylor,
“Ocean Blue”,
2007,
Colored Pencil on Vellum Bristol paper

34. Monochromatic Color SchemeMonochromatic Color Scheme
• Draw a circle with six
sections.
•Choose a color, and write it’s
name down underneath the
circle.
• Color in the six sections
using different values of the
color.
•NOTE: You are only using
one colored pencil.
Blue

35. Color SchemesColor Schemes““Analogous:Analogous: is 3 to 5 colors lined up in ais 3 to 5 colors lined up in a
row on the color wheel.row on the color wheel.

36. Analogous Color SchemeAnalogous Color Scheme
• Draw a circle with six
sections.
•Choose three to five analogous
colors, and write their names
down underneath the circle.
• Color in the six sections
using different values of each
of the analogous colors.
Yellow, Yellow-Green,
Green, Blue-Green

37. Color SchemesColor Schemes
““Complementary colors:Complementary colors: are two colors directlyare two colors directly
across from each other onacross from each other on
the color wheel.the color wheel.

38. Complementary Color SchemeComplementary Color Scheme
• Draw a circle with six
sections.
•Choose two complementary
colors, and write their names
down underneath the circle.
• Color in the six sections
using three different values of
each of those complementary
colors. Red, Green

39. SpaceSpace““The distance or area between, around,The distance or area between, around,
above, below, or within things.”above, below, or within things.”

40. Position on Picture Plane (Space)Position on Picture Plane (Space)
““The higher up the objects are in a picture plane,The higher up the objects are in a picture plane,
the farther away.” they seem to be.the farther away.” they seem to be.
Andrew Wyeth, (American) b. 1917,
Christina's World, 1948
Tempera, 32 1/4 x 47 3/4 in., The
Museum of Modern Art, New York
Draw your own example.

41. Size (Space)Size (Space)
Abraham Bloemaert
Shepherd Boy Pointing at
Tobias and the Angel
c. 1625-1630
Oil on canvas
The Minneapolis Institute of
Arts
•Objects get smaller as they move into the
background. Draw your own example.

42. Overlapping (Space)Overlapping (Space)
The Antimenes Painter
Black-figured Hydria
c. 530 B.C.
Slip-glazed earthenware
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts
Detail on pot
Draw your own example.

43. Aerial Perspective (Space)Aerial Perspective (Space)
““Images in the background get hazier, cooler,Images in the background get hazier, cooler,
lighter, and duller in color.”lighter, and duller in color.”
T. Worthington
Whittredge
(American), 1820-
1910)

44. Linear Perspective (Space)Linear Perspective (Space)
““Linear Perspective is a term used to describe the fact thatLinear Perspective is a term used to describe the fact that
lines which are parallel in nature seem to converge (comelines which are parallel in nature seem to converge (come
together) in the distance. This diagram illustrates 1-pointtogether) in the distance. This diagram illustrates 1-point
and 2-point perspective, where lines converge on theand 2-point perspective, where lines converge on the
horizon at a vanishing point.”horizon at a vanishing point.”
Camille Pissarro
Place du Théâtre
Français, Paris: Rain
1898
Oil on canvas
The Minneapolis Institute
of Arts

46. Positive & Negative SpacePositive & Negative Space
Draw your own example and label theDraw your own example and label the
positive and negative spacespositive and negative spaces..
Positive Space: is the actual image(s) in a
composition.
Negative Space: The background areas around
the image(s).
by Sarah Clare
Positive
Space
Negative
Space

47. EmphasisEmphasis
““is used to make certain parts of artwork stand outis used to make certain parts of artwork stand out
and grab the viewer’s attention. Also known as aand grab the viewer’s attention. Also known as a
‘focal point’.”‘focal point’.”
http://www.bluemoonwebdesign.com/art-lessons-4.asp
Draw your own example.

48. ContrastContrast““is differences in values, colors, textures, and otheris differences in values, colors, textures, and other
elements.elements. If there is no contrast in an artwork, it is thought to beIf there is no contrast in an artwork, it is thought to be
monotonous, uninteresting, and boring.”monotonous, uninteresting, and boring.”
B. J. D. Pilling
•Contrasting values
•Contrasting values and textures
Philly Hall,
“Whangarei Sky Wave”,
Painting and Fibre Art
Draw your own example.

49. MovementMovement““is the suggestion or illusion of motion in a painting,is the suggestion or illusion of motion in a painting,
sculpture, or design.sculpture, or design. Your eyes are led around theYour eyes are led around the
composition, often to a focal point.”composition, often to a focal point.”
Vincent Van Gogh
Starry Night, 1889
http://www.pblunit10.com/mager/Van%20Gogh.htm
Draw your own example.

50. RhythmRhythm
““movementmovement created by thecreated by the repetitionrepetition of elements in aof elements in a
composition.”composition.”
Artist Unknown
Photograph of a picket
fence
Draw your own example.

51. PatternPattern
““is theis the repetitionrepetition of elements throughout aof elements throughout a
composition.”composition.”
Draw your own example.

52. UnityUnity
““is using the elements to create a feeling thatis using the elements to create a feeling that
everything in the work of art works together andeverything in the work of art works together and
looks like it fits.”looks like it fits.”
http://www.bluemoonwebdesign.com/art-lessons-9.asp
Draw your own
example.
Unity using Space

53. BalanceBalance
““describes how artists create visual weight.”describes how artists create visual weight.”
http://www.artsconnected.org/toolkit/encyc_balancesymmetry.html

54. Symmetrical BalanceSymmetrical Balance
““is when one side is a mirror image of the other.”is when one side is a mirror image of the other.”
Jhon Goes In Center
Warrior's Cross
1991
German silver
The Minneapolis Institute
of Arts
http://www.artsconnected.org/toolkit/encyc_balancesymmetry.html
•Draw your own example.

55. Asymmetrical BalanceAsymmetrical Balance
James Whistler, American,
“Arrangement in Grey and Black No. 1:
Portrait of the Artist's Mother”,
1871,
oil on canvas,
•Draw your own example.
“is when elements are not the same on each
side of the axis, but the visual weight is still
balanced in the composition”

56. Radial BalanceRadial Balance
is when all the elements radiate out from a centralis when all the elements radiate out from a central
point.”point.”
Rose window of the Cathedral
of Notre Dame, Paris,
Interior view
http://makingamark.blogspot.com/2008_01_01_archive.html
•Draw your own example.

57. ReferencesReferences
 http://www.conceptart.org/forums/showthread.php?t=62688http://www.conceptart.org/forums/showthread.php?t=62688
 http://www.albertc.on.ca/library/courses/art/Elements%20of%20Art%20-%20http://www.albertc.on.ca/library/courses/art/Elements%20of%20Art%20-%20
 http://wwwisg.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/graphik/pub/files/Schlechtweg_1996_RLhttp://wwwisg.cs.uni-magdeburg.de/graphik/pub/files/Schlechtweg_1996_RL
 http://newberryworkshop.com/Tutorial/egg/egg.htmlhttp://newberryworkshop.com/Tutorial/egg/egg.html
 http://www.homeschoolarts.com/pncl-l1-4.htmhttp://www.homeschoolarts.com/pncl-l1-4.htm
 http://ycdinsiders.digitalchainsaw.com/InsidersArtistLoft/crosshatch.htmhttp://ycdinsiders.digitalchainsaw.com/InsidersArtistLoft/crosshatch.htm
 http://artlex.com/http://artlex.com/
 http://www.classinfoonline.org/art111/art111_drawingTerms.hthttp://www.classinfoonline.org/art111/art111_drawingTerms.ht
mlml
 http://www.hitrecord.org/forum/viewtopic.php?http://www.hitrecord.org/forum/viewtopic.php?
t=3832&start=15&sid=d83343aa7304b78978187645047098d6t=3832&start=15&sid=d83343aa7304b78978187645047098d6
 http://blog.miragestudio7.com/2006/04/creating-seamless-textures/http://blog.miragestudio7.com/2006/04/creating-seamless-textures/
 http://www.freefoto.com/preview/33-15-15?ffid=33-15-15http://www.freefoto.com/preview/33-15-15?ffid=33-15-15
 http://blog.phamansinh.com/category/entertainment/http://blog.phamansinh.com/category/entertainment/
 http://www.electricscotland.com/art/rightside2.htmhttp://www.electricscotland.com/art/rightside2.htm

58. ReferencesReferences
 http://www.picable.com/Art/Tattoo/Positivenegative-Space-Drawing.496163http://www.picable.com/Art/Tattoo/Positivenegative-Space-Drawing.496163
 http://www.hermanstudios.com/blog.htmlhttp://www.hermanstudios.com/blog.html
 http://media.photobucket.com/image/drawinghttp://media.photobucket.com/image/drawing
%20spheres/sashapetrenko/sphere-reflect-and-specular.jpg%20spheres/sashapetrenko/sphere-reflect-and-specular.jpg
 http://www.homeschoolarts.com/pncl-l1-4.htmhttp://www.homeschoolarts.com/pncl-l1-4.htm
 http://www.superstock.co.uk/stock-photos-images/475-1811http://www.superstock.co.uk/stock-photos-images/475-1811
 http://fineartamerica.com/featured/ruby-glow-pattern-amy-vangsgard.htmlhttp://fineartamerica.com/featured/ruby-glow-pattern-amy-vangsgard.html
 http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MUR/mural-decoration-15.htmlhttp://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MUR/mural-decoration-15.html
Special thanks to
Jacqueline Wiggins, a fellow Art teacher
In CCSD, for sharing this with me and other art teachers.