Narrative inquiry into K12 teachers’ change in classroom practices
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This document discusses interviews with K12 teachers about how their use of open educational resources (OER) has changed their teaching practices. Some key points: - Teachers see themselves more as co-learners with students rather than the sole possessors of knowledge. They are able to draw on many online resources and perspectives. - Teachers can now look at how other educators have taught topics online and modify or get new ideas for their own lessons rather than relying solely on textbooks. - One teacher has students help improve an open online course each year by giving them edit access to contribute and enhance the curriculum. - An interdisciplinary project used OER from different subject areas to connect topics across multiple classes for a
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There will be a demonstration of the new Evidence Hub being developed as part of the OER Research Hub (OERRH) project. This hub is designed to overcome some of the issues that manifested themselves in these earlier projects, a range of different data sources, the importance of data visualization, and account for how different types of evidence might be flexibly accommodated.
There will be an opportunity for delegates to discuss the idea of ‘mapping’ the OER evidence base and what the OER community might want from such services.
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I argue that with a shift to informal (or extra-institutional) learning there is a risk that we lose some clarity over the nature and extent of our moral obligations when working outside institutional frameworks – what Weller (2013) has termed "guerilla" research activity. Innovations of this kind could be free of licensing permissions; they could be funded by kickstarter or public-private enterprise; or they could reflect individuals working as data journalists. But we might also speak of "guerilla" education for innovations taking place on the fringes of institutional activity – from using social media to going full-blown "edupunk" (Groom, 2008). These innovations which employ variants of opennesss can also bring out morally complex situations.
I show how the principles underlying traditional research ethics can be applied openly while noting that, whether working within or outside institutions, there is almost no existing guidance that explains the ethical implications of working openly. Similar issues are raised with MOOC, which operate outside institutions but while drawing on institutional reputations and values. With this in mind I sketch out scenarios we are likely to encounter in the future of education:
- Issues around privacy, security and big data
- Intellectual property conflicts
- Ensuring fair treatment of class students and equivalent online students
- Meeting obligations to content creators
- The ethical status of MOOCs and their obligations to their students
- Moral dimensions of open licenses
- The ethics of learning analytics and the data it produces
I argue that, while models for ethical analysis have been proposed (e.g. Farrow, 2011) more attention should be paid to the ethics of being open. I conclude with an examination of the idea that we have a moral obligation to be open, contrasting prudential and ethical approaches to open education. At the heart of the OER movement, I argue, is a strong moral impulse that should be recognized and celebrated rather than considered the preserve of the ideologue: openness is not reducible to lowering the marginal cost of educational resources. Openness is a diverse spectrum and to leverage its true potential we need to reflect deeply on how technology has the power to challenge the normative assumptions we make about education.
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In this paper, we contribute to debates surrounding open education and open educational resources by intro-ducing the concept of Bildung (self-cultivation; self-realization) as a powerful reflective tool. We will elabo-rate on the potentials of Bildung by reviewing Wilhelm von Humboldt’s classical conception. Humboldt em-phasizes unrestrained interplay between the individual and the world, an exchange through which the indi-vidual relates to the world in the most comprehensive, lively and freest way possible. Bildung thus conceived is not an adaptation to an external order but rather a cultivation of the inner life: a reflective, creative form of self-realization or self-cultivation.
OER Impact: Towards an Evidence Base
In this presentation I critically evaluate attempts that have been made to support communication and collaboration through ‘mapping’ OER. After endorsing the basic rationale for mapping evidence surrounding OER implementation I review two examples of where this has been attempted. The Open Learning Network (OLnet) Evidence Hub used the concept of ‘Contested Collective Intelligence’ to inform a discourse-centric social-semantic web application that could structure the discourses of the OER community. I provide a short critique of this approach which focuses on the data model and the metadata requirements made upon users. I go on to consider the UNESCO OER Mapping Project which set out some quite specific protocols for metadata but never got beyond prototype stage
A rationale for a new, improved evidence hub is provided along with a number of design considerations and a proposal for future development. I conclude with a brief presentation of the new Evidence Hub being developed as part of the OER Research Hub (OERRH) project. I describe the ways in which our evidence model tries to overcome some of the issues which were manifest in these earlier projects, a range of different data sources, the importance of data visualization, and account for how different types of evidence might be flexibly accommodated. The final part of the session will be given over to group discussion about the idea of ‘mapping’ the OER evidence base and what the OER community might want from such services.
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This session critically evaluates attempts that have been made to support communication and collaboration through ‘mapping’ OER focussing on The Open Learning Network (OLnet) Evidence Hub which used the concept of ‘Contested Collective Intelligence’ and The UNESCO OER Mapping Project which set out some quite specific protocols for metadata.
There will be a demonstration of the new Evidence Hub being developed as part of the OER Research Hub (OERRH) project. This hub is designed to overcome some of the issues that manifested themselves in these earlier projects, a range of different data sources, the importance of data visualization, and account for how different types of evidence might be flexibly accommodated.
There will be an opportunity for delegates to discuss the idea of ‘mapping’ the OER evidence base and what the OER community might want from such services.
OERRH Data Report 2013-2015: Informal Learners
In 2013 the Hewlett-funded OER Research Hub Project created a bank of survey questions to test eleven hypotheses related to the impact of OER use on teaching and learning. In the two years that followed, a number of bespoke surveys were designed and administered in collaboration with the Flipped Learning Network, Vital Signs, the Community Colleges Consortium for Open Educational Resources, OpenLearn, Saylor Academy, OpenStax, BCcampus, Siyavula, School of Open-P2PU and CoPILOT. Responses from each survey were then combined into a larger dataset to allow for comparison and in-depth examination.
The current report, first in a series of three, presents a frequencies analysis of responses from informal learners, i.e. those learners not registered on a course of study at an educational institution.
Taking advantage of openness: understanding the variety of perspectives on op...
There has been considerable coverage of the growth of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) that give free access to courses that have familiar structures. However, there are many other ways in which Open Educational Resources are being used and influencing education. In the OER Research Hub we have worked across educational sectors looking at ways that OER are being adopted and used. In this paper we step back from some of the detailed work with collaborating projects to consider their different motivations and shared challenges. The case studies show how openness acts as inspiration, however the impact of openness can be harder to see. Our survey data is showing how open aspects can seem less important as projects seek to build to broad engagement, and that aims of widening access are challenged by findings that open education appeals to those who already have existing confidence and experience. The actions of the collaborating partners seek to address these issues for example through courses that help develop understanding of openness and by understanding the groups that they serve who have special needs.
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What difference does openness make to ethics? This session will examine this question both from the perspective of research into OER and the use of open resources in teaching and learning. An outline of the nature and importance of ethics will be provided before the basic principles of research ethics are outlined through an examination of the guidance provided by National Institutes of Health (2014) and BERA (2014). The importance and foundation of institutional approval for OER research activities is reiterated with a focus on underlying principles that can also be applied openly.
I argue that with a shift to informal (or extra-institutional) learning there is a risk that we lose some clarity over the nature and extent of our moral obligations when working outside institutional frameworks – what Weller (2013) has termed "guerilla" research activity. Innovations of this kind could be free of licensing permissions; they could be funded by kickstarter or public-private enterprise; or they could reflect individuals working as data journalists. But we might also speak of "guerilla" education for innovations taking place on the fringes of institutional activity – from using social media to going full-blown "edupunk" (Groom, 2008). These innovations which employ variants of opennesss can also bring out morally complex situations.
I show how the principles underlying traditional research ethics can be applied openly while noting that, whether working within or outside institutions, there is almost no existing guidance that explains the ethical implications of working openly. Similar issues are raised with MOOC, which operate outside institutions but while drawing on institutional reputations and values. With this in mind I sketch out scenarios we are likely to encounter in the future of education:
- Issues around privacy, security and big data
- Intellectual property conflicts
- Ensuring fair treatment of class students and equivalent online students
- Meeting obligations to content creators
- The ethical status of MOOCs and their obligations to their students
- Moral dimensions of open licenses
- The ethics of learning analytics and the data it produces
I argue that, while models for ethical analysis have been proposed (e.g. Farrow, 2011) more attention should be paid to the ethics of being open. I conclude with an examination of the idea that we have a moral obligation to be open, contrasting prudential and ethical approaches to open education. At the heart of the OER movement, I argue, is a strong moral impulse that should be recognized and celebrated rather than considered the preserve of the ideologue: openness is not reducible to lowering the marginal cost of educational resources. Openness is a diverse spectrum and to leverage its true potential we need to reflect deeply on how technology has the power to challenge the normative assumptions we make about education.
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This document summarizes the work of the OER Research Hub project, which aims to build the most comprehensive picture of open educational resource (OER) impact through open collaboration. The project uses open methodologies like open licensing, open data, and open dissemination. It has several hypotheses about how OER may impact areas like student performance, access, and institutional policies. The project promotes open collaboration through activities like sprints, open licensing of research materials, and an open online course about open research. Both benefits and challenges of the open approach are discussed.
A Grand Tour of OER Policy
This study examines the relationship between policy and practice in the world of open education. It draws largely on the findings of other research projects and their openly licensed outputs (e.g. Creative Commons, POERUP) to map open education policies. In this presentation we will take the audience on a 'world tour' of OER policy, highlighting important case studies and scaffolding a participative discussion where members of the OER community can refine their understanding of the key issues. In describing the policy context for OER we provide a short historical review of relevant policy, including the Budapest OA Initiative (2002); the establishment of a Global OER Community (2005); the Cape Town Declaration (2007) and the Paris Declaration (2012). We then go on to look at each continent in turn and talk about the different kinds of policy climates, highlighting local and national case studies which merit particular interest. We pay particular attention to the USA, where there are many interesting policies at institutional, local and state levels (and where original research has been undertaken in collaboration with OER pilot participants).
Bildung as a critical foundation
Traditional learning theories do not provide adequate explanations to derive such competencies as they are limited on closed learning environments. By contrast, theories of Bildung entail an additional dimension which can be regarded as the “ability to go beyond the present state of affairs and to transform the structures and prevailing rules of this form of life” (Peukert, 2003: 106). Our aim is to explore the extent to which Bildung can provide open education with a theoretical framework, and, conversely, the ways in which open education promotes a more holistic or progressive model of education. Our focus here will not be exclusive-ly on OER: it will be stressed that ‘openness’ in education necessarily shifts the focus from content (OER) to practices (OEP) that are necessary for the use of that content (Mackey & Jacobson, 2011, p. 62; cf. Weller, 2011).
We argue (1) that there are significant potentials to elicit or encourage Bildung through the use of OER, such as throughproviding open access to a rich base of materials from various cultural contexts. In this process of engaging with multiple and complex resources it can be assumed that a transformation of the way in which the individual is approaching learning is likely to happen. The reflections of these experiences are education-al and a key factor for the theoretical underpinning of OER. We go on to suggest (2) that the beliefs and val-ues associated with Bildung – including autonomy, critical reflection, inclusivity and the rejection of univer-sal narratives – are suitable for providing a theoretical framework for OER as well as providing a critical lens through which to assess contemporary educational models in practice (e.g. Liessman, 2006).
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CCCOER Webinar: OER Research on Open Textbook adoption and Librarians
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Librarians' Perceptions of OER
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From Theory to Practice: Can Openness Improve the Quality of OER Research?
This presentation was co-authored with fellow OER Research Hub researchers Bea de los Arcos and Rob Farrow. It was presented at CALRG14 at IET, The Open University (UK) on 10 June 2014.
An updated and revised version of these slides will be presented at OpenEd14 in Washington DC in November 2014.
Student Efficacy: Are they Learning?
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Narrative inquiry into K12 teachers’ change in classroom practices
- 1. Narrative inquiry into K12 teachers’ change in classroom practices Beatriz de los Arcos @celTatis http://oerresearchhub.org @OER_Hub
- 3. Photo: CC BY-NC-SA by David Lee King
- 4. flipped learning Photo: Upside Down Roller Coaster CC BY 2.0 by Austin Kirk
- 6. How has your use of OER changed the way you think about teaching?
- 7. “Fundamentally it’s changed my role: I’m not so much the all-knowing Oz behind the curtain that we grew up with… teachers were the holders of all knowledge and we were students, lucky to be in their presence. My students are able to see the fact that I’m a learner alongside of them and we can learn from each other (…) I by no means profess that I’m the only one that has this knowledge, I’m the only one they can learn from, the only one who knows the right answers. This has changed the way my classroom operates” English teacher
- 8. “It used to be that when I thought about preparing for a lesson I would look at a book and see what they did and then I would teach a lesson similar to it. But now I can go online, watch a video or look at somebody else’s materials that they put out there, see what they are doing and either modify what they are doing and bring it into my classroom, or just get a totally different perspective on it and allow my students to get multiple perspectives on a topic (…) so I guess searching what’s out there online allows me to be a better teacher” Math teacher
- 9. “In most courses, teachers use a reference textbook combined with their own material to teach. In some courses, teachers or teacher teams develop their own materials instead of a textbook, but those materials are usually private or unable to be shared openly due to copyright restrictions connected to how they were made. This course has been fully developed from scratch without such restrictions and is released free on the web for any teacher or student to use or remix. As a result, I do not treat this curriculum as "mine" -- it belongs to the class and to the world. This also means that I encourage and expect you to contribute to its development and improvement.”
- 10. “I make my students do a course improvement project; they have to make the course better, so I actually give them edit access to my website and have them changing things. My kids are actually making the curriculum better each year (…) I know [the course] can be better and I feel the same about other people’s resources: if I know I can’t modify as a starting point to improve, it’s a waste of investment for me to use those resources” Math teacher
- 12. “I was on a teaching team: I taught all the Math and one Social Studies, another teacher taught all the Language Arts (…) From our view point VS connected to all four subjects: because they had to do some graphing, there’s your Math; they had to identify species, there’s your Science; to write field notes it was all Language Arts, and for us Social Studies, it’s the five themes of geography: location, movement, human- environment interaction, place and region” Math & Social Studies teacher
- 13. “Vital Signs hasn’t really changed the way I think about teaching. It’s made my teaching that much richer” Math & Social Studies teacher
- 14. Photo CC BY-SA 2.0 by Michael Mandiberg