2. Sven Carlsson
• The theorist Sven Carlsson believed that there
are three parts that can make up the structure
of a narrative with them three being;
performance, narrative and abstract. Any
film/video will include at least one of these or
can even incorporate a mix of the three. The
performance element is all about showing the
artist perform the song and is seen within this
music video.
3. Todorov
• Todorov had the ideology that there is a set
structure in all visual media texts and follow a set
pattern. Firstly there is an equilibrium (Diegesis)
that includes a protagonist and an antagonist
who are both encounter a disruption (enigma).
This therefore leads to a quest between the
antagonist and the protagonist that is needed to
be resolved before the end of the text. At the end
of the media text there is a resolution that leads
to a re-equilibrium meaning that the equilibrium
has changed from its original status.
4. Tim O'Sullivan
• Tim O'Sullivan suggests that narrative have a
common structure, starting with
establishment and all media texts tell some
kind of story. He also states that media offer a
way of telling stories about ourselves but do
not necessarily our own personal story but the
story of us as a culture or set of cultures.
Basically meaning that the text reflects current
society through the use of media language.
5. Bordwell and Thompson:
• These two theorists believed that there is a link between story and
plot with there being three sections to most media texts. The first
section is known as 'Inferred events' and are the events that
happen within a media text without actually being visually shown
or described in the text. These are not shown because they are not
needed/important to the text because the audience accept that
these events have taken place. For example a character getting
ready to go out is not fully shown as it has no importance to the
narrative. The next part is 'Explicitly shown events' and this is all
about the events that are what we see on the screen and are
important to the audience as they may have an impact on the
narrative. Finally the third and final stage is the 'Non-diegetic
material' which is the involvement of music and titles so for
example to opening sequence to a drama will have an opening title
sequence introducing the programme.
