This document discusses the potential applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine. It describes how medical nanorobots could be used for cell repair by entering cells and tissues to repair damage. These machines would free medicine from solely relying on self-repair for healing. Other potential applications mentioned include targeted drug delivery, correcting genetic disorders, deep anesthesia for surgery, and establishing healthy immune systems and tissue repair. Ongoing research discussed includes using nanoparticles for drug delivery and DNA nanotechnology for electronic devices. Potential issues raised include ensuring nanorobots do not become self-replicating threats.

1. NanoTechnology in theNanoTechnology in the
Field of MedicineField of Medicine
ByBy
SATHISHKUMAR GSATHISHKUMAR G
(sathishsak111@gmail.com)(sathishsak111@gmail.com)

2. OutlineOutline
 IntroductionIntroduction
 Cell repair MachinesCell repair Machines
 FeaturesFeatures
 Applications of Cell Repair MachinesApplications of Cell Repair Machines
 Limits and Feasibility of Cell Repair MachinesLimits and Feasibility of Cell Repair Machines
 Nano MedicineNano Medicine
 RESPIROCYTESRESPIROCYTES
 Ongoing ResearchOngoing Research
 Nano HorrorsNano Horrors

3. Cell Repair MachinesCell Repair Machines

Medical Nano RobotsMedical Nano Robots (Molecular(Molecular technology and AI)technology and AI)
 Will change medicine at its foundationsWill change medicine at its foundations
 A systemA system INCLUDING NANO COMPUTERSINCLUDING NANO COMPUTERS and molecularand molecular
scale sensors and tools, programmed to repair damagescale sensors and tools, programmed to repair damage
to cells and tissuesto cells and tissues
 A fundamental break through : these machines will freeA fundamental break through : these machines will free
medicine from the reliance of self repair as the only pathmedicine from the reliance of self repair as the only path
to healingto healing
 Selective Destruction : example cancerous cells ,Selective Destruction : example cancerous cells ,
recognize and destroy a specific kind of cellrecognize and destroy a specific kind of cell
 Nature's own cell repair machines are limited in theirNature's own cell repair machines are limited in their
abilityability

4. FeaturesFeatures
 SizeSize

micron scale robot with nano scale parts , parts would be frommicron scale robot with nano scale parts , parts would be from
1 to 100 nm , the actual machine would be 0.5 to 3 microns1 to 100 nm , the actual machine would be 0.5 to 3 microns
 Bio CompatibilityBio Compatibility

Passive Diamond coating , because of its inert nature , not attacked byPassive Diamond coating , because of its inert nature , not attacked by
the immune systemthe immune system
 PoweringPowering

Metabolize local glucose and oxygen for energyMetabolize local glucose and oxygen for energy

Clinical environment acoustic energyClinical environment acoustic energy
 CommunicationCommunication

Broadcast acoustic type messagesBroadcast acoustic type messages

Device similar to an Ultra Sound ProbeDevice similar to an Ultra Sound Probe

Acoustic sensorsAcoustic sensors

Internal communication networkInternal communication network

5.  Navigation :Navigation :

a navigational networka navigational network
with station keepingwith station keeping
navigational elementsnavigational elements
providing high positionalproviding high positional
accuracyaccuracy

Accurate positions couldAccurate positions could
be reported to thebe reported to the
physician using thephysician using the
internal communicationinternal communication
networknetwork

6. Applications of cell RepairApplications of cell Repair
MachinesMachines
 Drug DeliveryDrug Delivery

Sophisticated waysSophisticated ways
• Target specific ,enable theTarget specific ,enable the
use of lower doses ofuse of lower doses of
medicinemedicine
• Side effects may beSide effects may be
minimized and strongerminimized and stronger
medicine could be usedmedicine could be used
• Trigger based , will releaseTrigger based , will release
medicine when neededmedicine when needed
example Insulin deliveryexample Insulin delivery
 Correcting Genetic DisordersCorrecting Genetic Disorders

Comparing the strand ofComparing the strand of
nucleotides segment by segmentnucleotides segment by segment

Changing the nucleotides within aChanging the nucleotides within a
DNA so that it matches a correctDNA so that it matches a correct
patternpattern

7.  Anesthesia plusAnesthesia plus

interrupting metabolism of the body for hours, days or yearsinterrupting metabolism of the body for hours, days or years
resulting in a condition of bioresulting in a condition of bio STATISSTATIS( a stoppage or stable state)( a stoppage or stable state)

BioBio STATISSTATIS provides deep anesthesia , thereby physicians canprovides deep anesthesia , thereby physicians can
work for more timework for more time

Used in the case of emergenciesUsed in the case of emergencies

Can be achieved using molecular machinesCan be achieved using molecular machines
• Molecular machines injected into the blood stream enter each cell ,Molecular machines injected into the blood stream enter each cell ,
block the molecular machinery for metabolism , the water isblock the molecular machinery for metabolism , the water is
displaced using other molecular devicesdisplaced using other molecular devices

Reversing bioReversing bio STATISSTATIS
• When it is time to wake up the patient , the process of resuscitationWhen it is time to wake up the patient , the process of resuscitation
is started by the doctor , repair machines remove packing aroundis started by the doctor , repair machines remove packing around
molecules replace it with water and unblock the metabolicmolecules replace it with water and unblock the metabolic
machinerymachinery
• Astronauts as a one way travelAstronauts as a one way travel

8. Establishing HealthEstablishing Health
 State of health is establishedState of health is established

Recognize the differences between theRecognize the differences between the
healthy tissue and the diseased tissuehealthy tissue and the diseased tissue
and rectify those differencesand rectify those differences
 Immune systemImmune system

the body’s immune system is limited inthe body’s immune system is limited in
its capabilitiesits capabilities

Immune machines :-Immune machines :- Medical nanoMedical nano
machines, which could be programmedmachines, which could be programmed
to respond to anything encountered byto respond to anything encountered by
the world of medicine .the world of medicine .
 Disease of AgingDisease of Aging

Damaged molecular machineryDamaged molecular machinery

Misarranged structures , low enzymesMisarranged structures , low enzymes

9. Limits and Feasibility of Cell RepairLimits and Feasibility of Cell Repair
machinesmachines
 Developing cell repair machinesDeveloping cell repair machines
requires great effort ,knowledgerequires great effort ,knowledge
and skill, tremendousand skill, tremendous
development in Artificialdevelopment in Artificial
IntelligenceIntelligence
 An exact answer cannot be givenAn exact answer cannot be given
to the question “ when will cellto the question “ when will cell
repair machines be available “repair machines be available “
 Loss of information throughLoss of information through
obliteration of structure imposesobliteration of structure imposes
the most important fundamentalthe most important fundamental
limit to the repair of tissuelimit to the repair of tissue

10. Cell repair machine destroying aCell repair machine destroying a
cancer cellcancer cell

11. NANOMEDICINENANOMEDICINE
 Nano medicine is an interdisciplinary field of science ,Nano medicine is an interdisciplinary field of science ,
even a simple project needs contributions fromeven a simple project needs contributions from
physicists, engineers , material chemists , biologist andphysicists, engineers , material chemists , biologist and
end users such as an orthopedic surgeonend users such as an orthopedic surgeon
 MolecularMolecular NANONANO technology and moleculartechnology and molecular
manufacturing are key enabling technologiesmanufacturing are key enabling technologies
 Analyzing and repairing human body just as we repairAnalyzing and repairing human body just as we repair
any other machineany other machine
 ApplicationsApplications

Miniaturizing surgeryMiniaturizing surgery

Tissue reconstructionTissue reconstruction

Eliminating all common diseases , all the medical pain andEliminating all common diseases , all the medical pain and
sufferingsuffering

12. RESPIROCYTERESPIROCYTE
 A proposedA proposed NANONANO robot , artificial red blood cellrobot , artificial red blood cell
 Of the order of 1 micronOf the order of 1 micron
 SphericalSpherical NANONANO robot made of 18 billion atomsrobot made of 18 billion atoms
 A pressure tank which can be pumped UPTO 9 billionA pressure tank which can be pumped UPTO 9 billion
Oxygen OOxygen O22 and COand CO22 moleculesmolecules
 By the virtue of its pressure sensors it releases OxygenBy the virtue of its pressure sensors it releases Oxygen
or Carbon Dioxideor Carbon Dioxide
 The bottom line is that mimics the action of hemoglobinThe bottom line is that mimics the action of hemoglobin
filled red blood cells and can deliver 236 times morefilled red blood cells and can deliver 236 times more
oxygen per unit volume than a natural red blood celloxygen per unit volume than a natural red blood cell
 ApplicationsApplications

Treatment of AnemiaTreatment of Anemia

Transfusions and perfusionsTransfusions and perfusions

Fetal and Child Related disordersFetal and Child Related disorders

13. RESPIROCYTERESPIROCYTE

14. On Going ResearchOn Going Research
Making Tiny Plastic Particles toMaking Tiny Plastic Particles to
deliver Lifesaving Medicinedeliver Lifesaving Medicine
 Many medications such as therapeuticMany medications such as therapeutic
DNA, insulin and human growthDNA, insulin and human growth
hormone must enter the body throughhormone must enter the body through
painful injections, but a Johns Hopkinspainful injections, but a Johns Hopkins
researcher is seeking to deliver theresearcher is seeking to deliver the
same treatment without the stingsame treatment without the sting
 Justin Hanes an assistant professor atJustin Hanes an assistant professor at
the Department of Chemical and Biothe Department of Chemical and Bio
Molecular Engineering wants to packMolecular Engineering wants to pack
the drug into microscopic plasticthe drug into microscopic plastic
spheres which can be inhaledspheres which can be inhaled
 new type of porous polymer particlesnew type of porous polymer particles
capable of releasing drugs in ancapable of releasing drugs in an
environment resembling the deepenvironment resembling the deep
lungslungs

15. DNA NanotechnologyDNA Nanotechnology
 Self-Assembly of Metallic NanoparticlesSelf-Assembly of Metallic Nanoparticles
Arrays by DNA ScaffoldingArrays by DNA Scaffolding..

This NSF-funded project is a done under theThis NSF-funded project is a done under the
supervision of :supervision of :
• Profs. Richard Kiehl (Electrical Engineering)Profs. Richard Kiehl (Electrical Engineering)
• Karin Musier-Forsyth (Chemistry),Karin Musier-Forsyth (Chemistry),
• Prof Nadrian Seeman (New York University).Prof Nadrian Seeman (New York University).

The objective of this exciting multi-The objective of this exciting multi-
disciplinary research project is to use two-disciplinary research project is to use two-
dimensional DNA crystals as a scaffoldingdimensional DNA crystals as a scaffolding
for the self-assembly of arrays of metallicfor the self-assembly of arrays of metallic
nanoparticles for the development of newnanoparticles for the development of new
electronic devices.electronic devices.

16.  Chemical ImagingChemical Imaging
 University of MichiganUniversity of Michigan
• RaoulRaoul KOPELMAN , PH.DKOPELMAN , PH.D
student (Department Ofstudent (Department Of
Chemistry)Chemistry)
• OpticalOptical NANONANO sensors forsensors for
real time chemical imagingreal time chemical imaging
of cellular membranes andof cellular membranes and
intracellular processes ,intracellular processes ,
these sensors will monitorthese sensors will monitor
pH, calcium , magnesium ,pH, calcium , magnesium ,
sodium , potassium ,sodium , potassium ,
chloride , oxygenchloride , oxygen
concentrations within theconcentrations within the
cellscells

17. Nano HorrorsNano Horrors
 Self replicating NanoSelf replicating Nano
RobotsRobots
 A threat to theA threat to the
existence of humanexistence of human
beingsbeings

18. Thank YouThank You