Ethics Of Nanotechnology Essay

Ethics of Nanotechnology Essay
Ethics of Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is actually a fairly new idea. This may not seem like any big deal in terms of ethics, but just like any type of scientific advancement
there are positives and negatives. Of course the ethical issues don't stem out of just the fact that this is a new kind of science. It branches off of "what
will this new scientific technology be used for?" For example, Embryonic Stem Cell research. It's not the research that's bad it's how they get the cells.
There are half a dozen, maybe more, different places to get the same type of cells without taking the life of that unborn child.
The term, Nanotechnology, was first introduced back in the mid 1970's by a Japanese researcher named Norio Taniguchi to...show more content...
Of the $700 million in funding that the National Nanotechnology Institute (NNI) received in 2003, less than $500,000 was spent on the study of how
Nanotechnology could affect the environment. But typical to today's culture the immediate payback doesn't come from risk studies, as it does from
how we can potentially cure diseases. When in the long run a little robot just might be able to cause a disease. Just as much as the public wants to
know the risks the scientists working on the project have even more to lose from a fear of the unknown (Colvin).
Along with these risks will come an entire set of ethical dilemmas. So how can we set rules so that free lance researchers or government scientists
don't do something that the whole world might regret? One of the first guidelines which was set by the Foresight Institute, founded by Drexler, and
supported by the non–profit organization Center for Responsible Nanotechnology (CRN) is "Nanotechnology's highest and best use should be to
create a world of abundance where no one is lacking for their basic needs. Those needs include adequate food, safe water, a clean environment,
housing, medical care, education, public safety, fair labor, unrestricted travel, artistic expression and freedom from fear and oppression" (Ethics of
Nanotechnology). If we know just a little about the life of Christ he once said that there would always be problems like this in the world, hunger, poor,
oppressed ,
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Nanotechnology Essay
Nanomaterials are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Their unique size–dependent properties make these materials
superior and indispensable in many areas of human activity.
Nanotechnology (Feyman, 1991) is enabling technology that deals with nano–meter sized objects. It is expected that nanotechnology will be developed
at several levels: materials, devices and systems. The nanomaterials level is the most advanced at present, both in scientific knowledge and in
commercial applications. A decade ago, nanoparticles were studied because of their size–dependent physical and chemical properties (Murray et. al.,
2000). Now they have entered a commercial exploration period (Mazzola, 2003; Paull, 2003).
Living...show more content...
al., 2003)
– Tumour destruction via heating (hyperthermia) (Yoshida, 1999)
– Separation and purification of biological molecules and cells Molday and MacKenzie, 1982)
– MRI contrast enhancement (Weissleder et. al., 1990)
– Phagokinetic studies (Parak et. al., 2002) As mentioned above, the fact that nanoparticles exist in the same size domain as proteins makes
nanomaterials suitable for bio tagging or labelling. However, size is just one of many characteristics of nanoparticles that itself is rarely sufficient if
one is to use nanoparticles as biological tags. In order to interact with biological target, a biological or molecular coating or layer acting as a
bioinorganic interface should be attached to the nanoparticle. Examples of biological coatings may include antibodies, biopolymers like collagen
(Sinani et. al., 2003), or monolayers of small molecules that make the nanoparticles biocompatible (Zhang et. al., 2002).
Benefits and Risks of Using Nanoparticles
Benefits
Nanotechnology has been labelled the new technology of the 21st century, comparable to the invention of electricity. The driving force is mainly the
recent discoveries that matter change properties and behavior in the small nanoscale.
For example there has been observed size and structure dependant changes optical, electrical, interfacial and tensional properties. Further, the reactivity,
for example the catalytic activity of nanomaterials is often superior to their larger counterparts.
By tuning the

Nanotechnology
"Imagine a technology so powerful that it will allow such feats as desktop manufacturing, cellular repair, artificial intelligence, inexpensive space travel,
clean and abundant energy, and environmental restoration; a technology so portable that everyone can reap its benefits; a technology so fundamental
that it will radically change our economic and political systems; a technology so imminent that most of us will see its impact within our lifetimes. Such
is the promise of Nanotechnology." Kai Wu
What is Nanotechnology?
Early in the 20th century, Henry Ford, the founder of Ford Motor Company, built a factory on 2,000 acres of property in where huge machines, and a
massive assembly line and everything needed to build...show more content...
Nanotechnology gathers all the scientific fields of engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and material science and places them together and makes
everything run at the quantum level, or nano–scale level, a billionth of a meter, as the name nanotechnology might suggest. Albert Franks, an early
promoter of the applications of nanotechnology defines this technology:
"It is the area of science and technology where dimensions and tolerances in the range of 0.1 nm to 100 nm play a critical role... It encompasses
precision engineering as well as electronics; electromechanical systems as well as mainstream biomedical applications in areas as diverse as gene
therapy, drug delivery and novel dug discovery techniques."
The nano–scale is not just another step toward miniaturization, but a qualitatively new scale. Quantum mechanics, material confinement in small
structures, large interfacial volume fraction, and other unique properties, and processes dominate the new behavior that nanotechnology will require.
Many current theories of matter at the micro scale have critical lengths of nanometer dimensions but with nanotechnology on the rise, subjects such as
quantum physics, which rely on probabilities of certain atoms being in a certain location, will be deciphered.
As knowledge in nano–science increases worldwide, there will likely be

Nanotechnology Case Study
Biotechnological solutions to a variety of illnesses, surgical procedures, genetic exploits and a myriad of other things are now in the form of
nanotechnology. Big pharmaceutical companies now refer to many of their medications, in fact, as nanomedicines, which alludes to the
nanotechnological inputs in pills that improve delivery methods and even deploy nanoparticles for specific purposes on occasion. A new study actually
illustrates how attaching RNA nanoparticles that masquerade as antibodies to microvesicles capable of delivering RNA therapeutics tocancer cells.
Scientists applied RNA nanoparticles, regulating their orientation to make microscopic, extracellular vesicles bearing the nanoparticles–small
interfering RNA (siRNA). The...show more content...
"We're working now to translate this technology into clinical applications."
Another study conducted by researchers at Tel Aviv University
–published in Nature Communications–hones in on the inverse correlation between the
expression of oncosuppressor microRNA and a pre–established oncogene–a cancer development gene. The study says that this explains prolonged
survival of pancreatic cancer, and the findings may very well yield future cultivation of effective drug cocktails for fighting not only multiple cancer
types but also several other mortal diseases.
Lead study author, Ronit Satchi–Fainaro, chairs the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at TAU, and he collaborated with Dr. Shay Eliyahu
and Hadas Gibori among others on the study. Pancreatic cancer is widely considered by experts to be one of the most aggressive cancers; most
patients last less than a year after diagnosis. "Despite all the treatments afforded by modern medicine, some 75% of all pancreatic cancer patients die
within 12 months of diagnosis, including many who die within just a few months," according to Satchi–Fainaro. "But around seven percent of those
diagnosed will survive more than five years. We sought to examine what distinguishes the survivors from the rest of the patients."
Satchi–Fainaro adds that his team figured they could develop new therapeutic strategies if

Nanotechnology Case Study
Nanoscience is a rapidly–developing field that covers a wide–range of application in a large variety of areas of science and technology. It is a
phenomenon and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and micro molecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a
larger scale. The subject nanotechnology deals with study of manufacturing and manipulation of matter at nano–scale in the size range of 1–100 nm in
any of the one dimension of the object which are called as nanoparticles (Rajan, 2004). Nanoscience and nanotechnologies are widely seen as having
huge potential to bring benefits in areas of interfacing physical, chemical, medical, biological, agricultural, environmental, and engineering sciences
with myriad...show more content...
Future decade's green nanoparticles are one of the alternatives to presently ruling pesticides for efficient management of plant pathogens/diseases.
Preparation of nano–materials and their applications were more in electronics, physics, chemistry, medical and engineering fields but in recent years
due to various innovative research activities in scientific communities nanoscience application is getting more interest in agricultural and allied fields
including textiles, food technology and veterinary sciences. In agriculture many disciplines are working on nanotechnology with regard to
nanoformulations for plant disease and insect pest management, nano–fertilizers, nano–micronutrients and nano–biotechnology. It has been shown that
the physical properties of the nanoparticles are different from bulk substance, made of the same atoms due to increasing the surface area to volume
ratio. The present review encompasses literature related to synthesis, characterization and applications of green nanotechnology in plant disease
management,
Synthesis of nanoparticles
Synthesis of nanomaterials by a simple, low cost and high yield has been a great challenge since the early development of nanoscience. The methods for
designing of nanoparticles (1–100 nm) generally involve top–down or bottom–up approach. Synthesis of nanoparticles by top down approach is mainly
size reduction from suitable substance. In top down approach, physical properties and significant effects

Speech On Nanotechnology
"With great power comes great responsibility," said Uncle Ben to Peter Parker. This is a quote many of us are familiar with, but there is a ringing
truth to it that some of us overlook. We human beings have been on this planet for a very long time, and although we have shown how great our power
is through our advancements, I don't think we can say the same of our responsibility. Our natural resources are dwindling; we're consuming things
faster than the earth can replenish itself.
There's also the saying, "out with the old and in with the new." This has become a very prominent practice amongst us. With every technological
advancement and innovation, we throw away the defunct version to make way for the newer, lighter model – contributing to the rising waste and
pollution levels (owing to the fact that many of these things are non–biodegradable, or take a long time for it to be broken down). In our quest to make
our own lives easier through novel inventions, we paradoxically make it a little more complicated.
In light of these shortcomings, there has been an upsurge in eco–friendly materials and devices, all in an effort to recover and save the environment.
Nanotechnology, which deals with matter on an atomic level, has played a significant role in this movement....show more content...
By being able to manipulate things on a molecular scale, materials can be made waterproof, used to locate and identify cancer cells without taking
tissue samples, and even filter smog through the application of nanotechnology on paint. In reference to the last example, this is a very useful
environmental application, considering that pollution reduction is a very important concern for us. Nanotechnology has also made it possible to treat
and clean water as

When it comes to nanotechnology order is everything. By having the true order and orientation of genomes, scientists are able to have a new
understanding of the human DNA which is crucial in the treatment of gene–mutating diseases. Researchers from Virginia Commonwealth University
led by physicist Jason Reed, Ph.D., are on course to transforming the way biologists diagnose and discover disease–causing mutations after developing
a new nanomapping tech.
In a study published in Nature Communications journal, this team of scientists has been able to map DNA while also processing the genome at a faster
rate. They achieved this by combining high–speed atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a barcoding technique using a CRISPR–based chemical. What's
...show more content...
The limitation on this traditional AFM is that it is too slow to be used in medical applications. According to Reed, their device works the same as the
traditional AFM only that the interaction between the stylus and the molecules to be studied is at a greater velocity because they use optical
instruments to detect it. "We can achieve the same level of detail as traditional AFM but can process the material more than a thousand times faster,"
claims Reed.
After overcoming the hurdle of increasing the AFM's speed, the researcher needed to come up with a way that would help them identify genetic
mutations in DNA that was read. To do this, they developed a chemical barcoding solution using CRISPR tech which enabled them to place markers on
the DNA molecules hence allowing them to identify patterns and irregularities.
CRISPR Technology
CRISPR has been a breakthrough technology in the past few years. It is used for gene editing and involves scientists programming an enzyme using
targeting RNA that allows them to cut DNA at specific locations where there is mutation then allowing the cells to repair it naturally. For this research,
they wanted the CRISPR enzyme to only stick to the DNA without actually cutting it. Therefore, they altered the enzyme's chemical reaction condition
allowing it to be used for barcoding application.
With an unusually high number of bacteria growing resistant to most

Now a days, Nanotechnology is widely used in many industrial areas such as, computing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, textile industries and many more.
The major challenge is not only to make these materials smaller in size in order to store or process more information but also to optimize the synthesis
process. However, the additional key point of the nanotechnology revolution within the next decades is that it will have the capability to use the
advantage of mesoscopic properties of such Nano sized materials. These properties can strongly differ from the respective bulk counterparts due to
quantum confinement or the high surface–to–volume ratio. For example, there will be increase in bandgap of these Nano materials for which it can be
used...show more content...
As the range of the implanted ions become comparable to the size of the small structures, important effects are taken in to account in experimental
planning such as , structural changes induced by point defects, strongly enhanced dynamic annealing and sputtering. Even though a huge number of
different nanomaterial systems can be realized with sophisticated synthesis methods, a lot of desired nanostructures will still remain inaccessible due to
chemical and physical reasons. The main reason for that is, most of the synthesis method work close or even at thermodynamic equilibrium which is an
ideal case. For example, superconductivity at higher temperatures is hard to achieve and yet under research. Issues like solubility limits or surface
reconstructions are difficult or even impossible to overcome during synthesis. One alternative option is the subsequent modification of prepared
nanomaterials such as Nano wires using energetic ion beam irradiation, which enables processes far from thermodynamic equilibrium. This can result
into metastable phases of the nanomaterials/nanostructures with unusual or even exotic structural, electrical, optical or magnetic properties.
Furthermore, ion implantation is a very precise and controllable doping method widely used both in research and semiconductor industries. It was
already established in the 70s, however, mainly used for the electrical doping

Essay on Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the development of atoms in a certain object. Nanotechnology has become very popular in the past few years. It is a way to
rebuild the systems of life. To make systems move faster than ever before. Nanometer is about 10 times the size of an atom. Each of these has a huge
effect on a system. Still there are questions out there that keep people wondering how important nanotechnology is to us. Many wonder how will it
affect them and if we should continue this research. I myself wondered about nanotechnology. After researching this topic I have learned new and
interesting facts to help me understand the entire concept.
Nanotechnology is defined as "the development and use of devices that have a size of...show more content...
Nanotechnology is found in our every day lives, from the tires on your cars to the medicines that can save your life. Every day this concept improves
our lives. It gives us the ability to discover new and helpful things. Research shows that the problems with healthcare will be minimized.
Nanotechnology will help solve medical problems by identifying the problem and locating it so that is can be treated. It will eventually give us the
technology that only exists in the movies. It will give us the ability to go farther in space and discover if there is truly other life out there.
Nanotechnology will eventually help us to do what many only dream of. The one thing that it will give us that will impact us the most is improve
performance of many of the things that we buy and use every day. It will widen our perspective on life. Nanotechnology is defined as "Research and
technology development at the atomic, molecular or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 – 100 nanometer range. Creating
and using structures, devices and systems that have novel properties and functions because of their small and/or intermediate size. It is the ability to
control or manipulate on the atomic scale." (National Nanotechnology Initiative).
Many people still want to know who will benefit most from nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has given us so much already and not just to the wealthy.
Take a look around your house. Most of the things that you own were created or

A Speech On Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is a term of two words: the first word is "Nano" and derives from the Greek word "Nanos" and it means "Dwarf" or something very
small. The second word is "Technology" and it means applied application of knowledge in a certain field. So nanotechnology is the technology of very
small substances, and it specializes in treating the substance on the Nano measure to produce new, useful, and unique resultants in its properties
[22–23].The Nano is a unique measuring unit and from the physical and mathematical point of view, the Nano equals one part of a billion of the
measured unit. The nanometer (nm) equals a part of a billion part of a meter. Thus, it is 10–9 of a meter. The Nano is used as a measuring unit for very
minute particles [24–26].
In environmental field it is used...show more content...
By changing the properties of the liquid phase (e.g. concentration, temperature, pH) adsorbed species can be released from the surface and
transferred back into the liquid phase. This reverse process is referred to as desorption. Since adsorption is a surface process, the surface area is a key
quality parameter of adsorbents.
Engineering adsorbents are typically highly porous material with surface area in the range between 102 and 103 m2 /g. Their porosity allows
realizing such large surfaces as internal surfaces constituted by the pore walls. In contrast, the external surface is typically below 1 m2 /g and
therefore of minor relevance. As an example, the external surface of powdered activated carbon with a particle density of 0.6 g/cm3 and a particle
radius of 0.02 mm is only 0.25 m2 /g.
However, adsorption is one of the promising methods to remove the dye pollutants from aqueous system completely. It was, therefore, thought
worthwhile to develop highly efficient and effective adsorbents for the removal of dye from the textile

Nanotechnology
Jeremy Rifkin wrote, in his article Biotech Century: Playing Ecological Roulette with Mother Natures Design, "Humans have been remaking the Earth
for as long as we have had a history." Well the path of history humans have chosen to take also affects how we remake the Earth. InNeal Stephensons
novel, The Diamond Age, one is shown how the technology of the time reshapes the political, economical and educational aspects of history. That
technology is the manipulation of molecules into atomic–sized machines called nano–machines. Stephenson brilliantly shows how such a powerful and
truly revolutionary technology like nanotechnology could change life, as we now know it, or they in the future know life. Nanotechnology, as...show
more content...
Many today would argue that an education that was all books and no hands–on experience would be an education wasted. And many would also argue
that most individuals learn best from those that know best– other humans with experience themselves. However, nanotechnology made it possible for
one young girl named Nell, a nobody lower class four year–old, get the education that anyone would wish for. The reason behind the success of her
educational experience with a book was because of the nanotechnology implemented to make the book itself. This book, called the Primer, was
fully dynamic in every way possible. Every question Nell had was answered. Every possible situation conceivable was covered. Nell did not even
know how to read before she started using the Primer, and at the end of the novel, she could understand books more advanced than most could even
read, she could solve incredibly complex problems, she had the articulation of an orator, and the properness even a Victorian would be proud of. This
same technology that Nell possessed was past on to approximately two hundred and fifty thousand other little girls the same age as Nell when she
started. Just think of the immediate impact such a volume of well–educated poor girls would have on the economy and politics of the time. A huge
closure in the gap between the privileged and the unprivileged in such a sudden time frame would create utter chaos, and in the story, such an event did
create utter chaos. All these

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