This document provides an overview of nanotechnology and nanorobotics. It discusses how nanotechnology involves building things at the molecular scale using robot arms. Nanorobots are introduced as robots that can operate at the nanoscale or with nanoscale precision. Approaches to creating nanorobots include using biochips, DNA machines ("nubots"), bacteria, and organic or inorganic materials. Potential applications of nanorobots discussed are in medicine for early disease detection and targeted drug delivery, as well as environmental monitoring. Fractal robots made of interconnected motorized cubes are also introduced as a type of nanorobot. While research is still preliminary, nanorobots may one day end diseases and human suffering.

1. PRESENTED BY :
ASHRAFUL HODA
ashraful.hoda01@mail.com

2. Presentation Overview
• Nanotechnology
• Introduction to Robotics
• Nanorobotics
• Approaches
• Applications of Nanorobots
• Fractal Robots
• Conclusion

3. Nanotechnology
• Nanotechnology is the engineering of
functional systems at the molecular scale.
• More simply, building things one atom or
molecule at a time with programmed nanoscopic
robot arms.
• A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (3 - 4
atoms wide).

4. Introduction to robotics
• Robotics is the branch
of technology that deals with the design,
construction, operation, development
and application of robots and computer
systems for their control, and
information processing.
• These technologies deal with automated
machines that can take the place of
humans

5. What is a Robot?
• A robot is a mechanical or virtual
artificial agent, usually an electro-
mechanical machine that is guided by
a computer program or electronic
circuitry.
• They range from small, miniature
machines, to large crane size
constructions.

6. Introduction to Nanorobotics
• The technology of creating machines or robots
at or close to the microscopic scale of a
nanometer (10−9 meters).
• A robot that allows precision interactions with
nanoscale objects, or can manipulate with
nanoscale resolution.

7. Researches done
• Largely in the research-and-development
phase (Target year 2050).
• Some primitive molecular machines have
been tested.

8. Theory behind Nanobots
• As robots can perform certain
functions that humans
cannot, thus why not have a
microscopic robot performing
microscopic tasks?
• Necessary for very large
numbers of them to work
together to perform microscopic
and macroscopic tasks.

9. Features of Nanorobots
• Nanorobots can be categorized into two
groups called autonomous & insect robots.
• A major asset of nanorobots is that they
require very little energy to operate.
• Durability is another potential asset, may
remain operational for years.
• High speed is also a significant
consideration.

10. Approaches
• Biochip
• Nubot
• Bacteria based
• Organic
• Inorganic

11. Biochip
• Microarray, the dense, two-
dimensional grid of
biosensors, is the critical
component of a biochip
platform
• Microarrays can be used for
DNA, protein, chemical
compound and antibody
analysis

12. Nubot
• Also known as “DNA
machine”.
• A DNA machine is a
molecular machine
constructed from DNA.
• Similar double helix
structure like the DNA
strands.

13. Bacteria based
• Uses a flagellum for
propulsion purposes.
• Use similar mechanisms as
the biological
microorganisms.

14. Application of Nanobots
• Medical technology, where
they might be used to
identify cancer cells and
destroy them.
• Detection of toxic chemicals
and the measurement of
concentrations in the
environment.
• For Space Application.

16. Nanorobots in medicine
• It’s structure will have two spaces consisting of
interior and exterior.
• They will communicate with doctor by
encoding messages to acoustic signals.
• Technological advancements such as bionic
motors, DNA as computer, & nano robotics
arms.
• Leonard Adleman confirmed that DNA is
programmable in computers.

17. Nanorobots can be used in blood cell to
detect pathogens.

18. Nanobot in medicine
• Early diagnosis and targeted drug
delivery for cancer, biomedical
instrumentation, surgery, etc.
• Employ nanobots injected into the
patient to perform treatment on a
cellular level.
• Improve the presence of drug
molecules where they are needed in
the body.

19. Removal of Cancer

20. Fractal Robots
• Fractal robot is a new kind of robot made from
motorized cubic bricks that move under computer
control.
• These cubic motorized bricks can be programmed to
move and shuffle themselves to change shape to make
objects likes a house potentially in a few seconds
because of their motorized internal mechanisms.

21. Fractal Robot Example
• Example of a Dog shaped
fractal robot changing into a
couch.

22. SELF-REPAIR IN FRACTAL ROBOTS.
• Self repair is an important
breakthrough for realizing micro and
nanotechnology related end goals.
• Three different kinds of self repair
-Cube replacement
-Usage of plates to construct the
cubes.
-Using smaller fractal machines to
affect self repair inside large cubes.

23. Walking fractal robot performing
self repair

24. Advantages of inorganic nanobots
• Well-understood
component behavior.
• Easy to program.
• Ease of external control.
• Unlimited chemistry (with
enough energy).

25. Disadvantages of inorganic
nanobots
• Difficult and expensive to make self-
reproducing.
• Difficulty of communicating with
organic systems must carry own (limited)
payload.

26. Advantages of organic nanobots
• Easy to make using genetic
engineering.
• Self-reproducing (cheap).
• Easily communicate with
other organic systems.
• Protein factories
manufacture payload.

27. Disadvantages of organic nanobots
• Poorly understood
component behavior
(proteins).
• Hard to program.
• Limited external control
mechanisms.
• Limited to CHON
chemistry and needs water.

28. Conclusions
• All of the current developments in technology
directs human a step closer to nanorobots
production.
• Nanorobots can theoretically destroy all
common diseases of the 20th century, thereby
ending much of the pain and suffering.
• Although research into nanorobots is in its
preliminary stages, the promise of such
technology is endless.

29. Any
Questions?