Myelomastocytic Leukemia
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Myelomastocytic leukemia is a very rare variant of myeloid leukemia, behaves clinically very aggressive and belongs to the group of so-called metachromatic leukemias. Metachromatic leu- kemias comprise leukemias with at least 10 to 20% tumor cells exhibiting metachromatic gran- ules: mast cell leukemia...
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Acute Myeloid Leukemia
This document discusses acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its acute complications. It defines AML as a clonal expansion of myeloid precursor cells with reduced capacity to differentiate. Common clinical presentations include fever, bleeding, and fatigue due to excessive proliferation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow leading to pancytopenia. Two major acute complications discussed are leukostasis, which can cause pulmonary and neurological symptoms, and tumor lysis syndrome, which results in electrolyte abnormalities and renal impairment.
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Acute leukaemia
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3. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment focuses on suppressing the disease for many years using chemotherapy with drugs like chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide along with corticosteroids.
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This document discusses acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its acute complications. It defines AML as a clonal expansion of myeloid precursor cells with reduced capacity to differentiate. Common clinical presentations include fever, bleeding, and fatigue due to excessive proliferation of myeloid cells in the bone marrow leading to pancytopenia. Two major acute complications discussed are leukostasis, which can cause pulmonary and neurological symptoms, and tumor lysis syndrome, which results in electrolyte abnormalities and renal impairment.
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For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
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httpswww.medicalnewstoday.comarticles323444.phphttpsasco.docx
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Bjh12067
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The 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and beyond: evolving concep...
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In addition to the well-known negative prognostic significance of the abnormally high blood levels of lactate dehydrogenase LDH in most neoplasms, more recently it has been shown that the evidence of abnormally low values of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) may also predict a poor prognosis in human tumors. On these bases, a preliminary study was carried out to evaluate which relationship may occur between LMR and LDH levels in metastatic cancer patients. The study included 100 metastatic solid tumor patients. Breast, lung and gastrointestinal tract tumors were the neoplasms most frequent in our patients. Patients with high LDH levels showed significantly lower values of LMR. Since the occurrence of low LMR values is the expression of an immunosuppressive status, the association between LDH high levels and low LMR values would suggest that LDH may predict a poor prognosis in metastatic cancer not only by reflecting tumor extension, but also for its potential immunosuppressive status.Leukaemia for bds
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The document discusses the importance of cytogenetic analysis in hematological malignancies. Some key points:
- Many hematological malignancies have clonal chromosomal abnormalities that can aid in diagnosis, classification, and risk stratification.
- Certain recurrent abnormalities are specific to certain tumor subtypes and can predict treatment response and clinical outcome.
- Genes at breakpoints of recurrent abnormalities play a role in tumorigenesis and can be treatment targets.
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Influence of new molecular prognostic markers in patients with karyotypically normal acute myeloid leukemia: recent advances
Mrózek, Krzysztofa; Döhner, Hartmutb; Bloomfield, Clara Da
Current Opinion in Hematology: March 2007 - Volume 14 - Issue 2 - p 106–114
doi: 10.1097/MOH.0b013e32801684c7
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Purpose of review Molecular study of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia is among the most active areas of leukemia research. Despite having the same normal karyotype, adults with de-novo cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia who constitute the largest cytogenetic group of acute myeloid leukemia, are very diverse with respect to acquired gene mutations and gene expression changes. These genetic alterations affect clinical outcome and may assist in selection of proper treatment. Herein we critically summarize recent clinically relevant molecular genetic studies of cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia.
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3) It addresses challenges in bone marrow pathology, such as distinguishing between benign and malignant conditions.
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- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancy characterized by proliferation and accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and other tissues, resulting in bone marrow failure.
- Prognosis is determined by several factors including age, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. Patients with t(15;17), t(8;21), and inv(16) have favorable prognoses while those with complex karyotypes or monosomal karyotypes have poor prognoses. Mutations in genes like NPM1, FLT3, and CEBPA provide prognostic information.
- Treatment involves induction chemotherapy with anthracy
WHO Bone and soft tissue tumor UPDATE 2020
The new 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Soft Tissue Tumors was published in 2020, updating the classification with contemporary knowledge of clinicopathologic and molecular features of soft tissue tumors. Key changes include the addition of newly described entities, outcome data, updated prognostic information, and genetic studies that resulted in some tumors being split into separate entities. The classification emphasizes the continued importance of morphology while also incorporating expanding genetic contributions to understanding pathogenesis.
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Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells. There are several types classified by how quickly the disease develops (acute or chronic) and the affected blood cell type (lymphoid or myeloid). Common types include acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic myeloid leukemia. Treatment involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or stem cell transplantation and varies depending on the leukemia type and stage.
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Bjh12067
The document provides guidelines on the diagnosis, investigation and management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It summarizes that CLL is diagnosed based on lymphocyte morphology, presence of circulating clonal B cells over 5x109/L for more than 3 months, and immunophenotype. Prognostic factors that affect outcomes include patient age and gender, disease stage, biomarkers, and type of treatment received. The guidelines recommend screening for TP53 deletions prior to treatment and for viral infections if intensive chemotherapy is planned. Imaging is not routinely needed for asymptomatic early stage CLL but may be useful when evaluating for transformation to lymphoma.
The 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and beyond: evolving concep...
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The Immunosuppressive Significance of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Blood Level...
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httpswww.medicalnewstoday.comarticles323444.phphttpsasco.docx
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Diseases of white blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus
Diseases of white blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus
The 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms and beyond: evolving concep...
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Anemia is a common condition of cancer patients. This is because cancers cause inflammation that decrease red blood cell production. In addition, many chemotherapies are myelosuppressive, meaning they slow down the production of new blood cells by the bone marrow.
Drug Repurposing: Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Therapeutics fo...
Cancer is a prime public health burden that accounts for approximately 9.9 million deaths worldwide. Despite recent advances in treatment regimen and huge capital investment in the pharmaceutical sector, there has been little success in improving the chances of survival of cancer patients.
Abnormal Sodium and Chlorine Level Is Associated With Prognosis of Lung Cance...
The imbalance of sodium and chloride ions occurs frequently in patients with lung cancer. However, the correlation between ion concentration change and patients prognosis have not been studied thoroughly. Our research will fill the gap, especially for high ion concentration.
The Meta-Analysis about the Expression and Prognosis of anti-Ro-52, anti-CENP...
This project aims to investigate the diagnostic value of anti-Ro-52, anti-CENP-B, and AMA in Sjogren's syndrome
and systemic sclerosis.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Raised Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Heli...
Helicobacter Pylori (HP) infection is prevalent among patients with dyspepsia in developing countries with low socioeconomic status. The gold standard investigation is invasive method gastric biopsy through upper GI endoscopy, however non-invasive methods (stool for HP antigen) are not reliable up to the mark also need to wait for two weeks without symptomatic treatment. It is important to have a reliable, cost effective and easily accessible non-invasive marker to diagnose patients with H. pylori infection. Several non-invasive laboratory have been predicted in having the role in diagnosis of H.pylori infection. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in predicting H.Pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia.
IRF5 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is Regulated by...
The IRF family of proteins involves in the tumor progression. However, but the functions of IRF5 in the tumorigenesis are largely unknown. Here, IRF5 was found to be up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interfering with IRF5 inhibited the growth and tumorigenic ability of HCC cells.
Breast Anatomy
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Fibrous
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Fibro glandular
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Adipose (Fatty)
What is Tomosynthesis?
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Is a 3 dimensional projection
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Reduces overlapping tissue seen with 2D only
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15 projections are taken with each combo exposure (7.5) (-7.5)
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With an average breast (18*24) 3D dose is 1.34, combo is 2.56 Milligrey. (3 Milligrey FDA) (2D is 1.2
Alterations of Gut Microbiota From Colorectal Adenoma to Carcinoma
Gut microbiota has been implicated as a critical role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenoma (CRA). However, few basic research has revealed the association between gut microbiota and the development of CRA and CRC. We aim to compare the diversity and composition of intestinal flora in CRA and CRC patients, to reveal the changes of intestinal microorganism in the evolution of normal intestinal mucosa-CRA-CRC axis, and to explore potential biomarkers.
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare type of breast cancer with high frequency of regional lymph node metastasis. However, the prognosis of IMPC has remained controversial for decades. We aimed to compare the differences of prognosis between IMPC and Invasive ductal carcinoma(IDC) of the breast by utilizing Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database.
Uretero-Enteric Anastomosis Stricture after Urinary Diversion; Detailed Analy...
To report the lessons we have learned in the management of uretero-enteric anastomosis stricture (UEAS) in a tertiary urology center over a decade of experience.
Clinic Correlation and Prognostic Value of P4HB and GRP78 Expression in Gastr...
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide (P4HB) and Glucose‑regulated protein 78 (GRP78) represent for poor prognosis of various cancers, while rare research investigate correlation of them. This study aimed to explore correlation and prognostic value of them in gastric cancer (GC).
Combined Analysis of Micro RNA and Proteomic Profiles and Interactions in Pat...
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
The Liquid Mass System(LMS) includes an Easy nLC1000 (Thermo Fisher) coupled ultra-high resolution mass spectrometer Orbitrap Fusion Lumos (Thermo Fisher) with a Thermo Fisher electrospray source. Each injection is sent to a preset column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 100 μm x 2 cm, Thermo Scientific) for adsorption at a flow rate of 3 L/min. The sample is then sent to the analyzer column (Acclaim PepMap C18, 75 μm x 15 cm, Thermo Scientific) for separation.
Update on Muscle Channelopathy
Skeletal muscle channelopathy are rare heterogeneous episodic disorders with marked genotypic and phenotypic variability resulting in periodic paralysis, and falls in young people which often misdiagnosed or undiagnosed due to its rarity, often the symptoms are miscommunicated to the treating phycision due to its episodic nature and not uncommonly physical examination by the time patient attend the clinic or hospital will be unremarkable apart from periodic muscle paralysis where patient will presented to ED with flaccid weakness,
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...
The document summarizes experimental and clinical research on using infrared laser therapy between 890-910 nm to treat breast cancer. Experimental studies showed that lower doses of laser therapy (0.46 J/cm2) inhibited tumor growth more than higher doses. Laser therapy combined with chemotherapy was also effective, particularly with vincristin. Clinical studies on 136 breast cancer patients found that laser therapy before or after surgery, or alone, reduced complications, improved immune function and quality of life, and increased survival time. Histological analysis found over 50% tumor tissue disappeared after effective laser treatment.
Prevalence of Hpv Infection in the Lekoumou and Niari Departments (Congo Braz...
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in women in the Lekoumou and Niari departments of Congo Brazzaville. The researchers collected samples from 100 women aged 16-73 and tested them for HPV. They found an overall HPV prevalence of 29%. Certain demographic factors like age, education level, marital status, age of first intercourse, number of sexual partners and parity did not show statistically significant associations with HPV infection status. The study provides baseline data on HPV prevalence in the region that can inform future cervical cancer prevention efforts.
Upper Rectal Cancer: Benefit After Preoperative Chemoradiation Versus Upfront...
Upper rectal cancer management is controversial. The present series reports the outcomes of treatment comparing neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NCRT) versus upfront surgery.
Follow-Up Strategies in Focal Liver Lesions And Treatment Methods
Today, advances in cross-sectional imaging have led to the detection and early recognition of incidental/focal liver lesions (FCL). In approximately 17,000 cases of chest CT, incidental liver lesions were found in 6% [1]. In general, FCL consists of hepatocytes, biliary epithelium, mesenchymal tissue, connective tissue, or metastasized cells from distant sites. Most incidental lesions are benign, some may require careful management and treatment.
Contextual Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Ad...
The purpose of this study was to examine contextual factors associated with physical and mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in older adult cancer survivors.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Isolated Venous Involvement: Is Neoadjuvant Tr...
Neoadjuvant Treatment (NAT) is indicated in locally advanced tumors and improves the results of subsequent surgery. In borderline tumors, the place of this preoperative treatment is more controversial, probably because borderline tumors are a heterogeneous group. We focused on the tumors with venous involvement without any arterial involvement and studied the results of neoadjuvant treatment in this particular group.
Predictive Value of Biomarkers Fibrinogen Like Protein-2 and A-Fetoprotein fo...
Data concerning the utility of biomarkers for accurate early HCC detection in cirrhotic patients are lacking. 1.2. Methods: We evaluated 112 consecutive Caucasian cirrhotic patients with (n=28) or without (n=84) concomitant HCC at baseline for serum AFP and plasma fibrinogen like protein-2 (FGL-2) levels. Patients without confirmed HCC at baseline were further followed up every six months with ultrasound and serum AFP levels, according to HCC surveillance program. Imaging as well as histological confirmation of HCC was established in patients with new lesions.
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Drug Repurposing: Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Therapeutics fo...
Drug Repurposing: Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Therapeutics fo...
Abnormal Sodium and Chlorine Level Is Associated With Prognosis of Lung Cance...
Abnormal Sodium and Chlorine Level Is Associated With Prognosis of Lung Cance...
The Meta-Analysis about the Expression and Prognosis of anti-Ro-52, anti-CENP...
The Meta-Analysis about the Expression and Prognosis of anti-Ro-52, anti-CENP...
Diagnostic Accuracy of Raised Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Heli...
Diagnostic Accuracy of Raised Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Heli...
IRF5 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is Regulated by...
IRF5 Promotes the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and is Regulated by...
Alterations of Gut Microbiota From Colorectal Adenoma to Carcinoma
Alterations of Gut Microbiota From Colorectal Adenoma to Carcinoma
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...
Prognosis of Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma of the Breast Analyzed by Usin...
Uretero-Enteric Anastomosis Stricture after Urinary Diversion; Detailed Analy...
Uretero-Enteric Anastomosis Stricture after Urinary Diversion; Detailed Analy...
Clinic Correlation and Prognostic Value of P4HB and GRP78 Expression in Gastr...
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Combined Analysis of Micro RNA and Proteomic Profiles and Interactions in Pat...
Combined Analysis of Micro RNA and Proteomic Profiles and Interactions in Pat...
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...
The Use of the Infrared Laser Therapy of 890-910 NM for the Treatment Breast ...
Prevalence of Hpv Infection in the Lekoumou and Niari Departments (Congo Braz...
Prevalence of Hpv Infection in the Lekoumou and Niari Departments (Congo Braz...
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Upper Rectal Cancer: Benefit After Preoperative Chemoradiation Versus Upfront...
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Follow-Up Strategies in Focal Liver Lesions And Treatment Methods
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Top Travel Vaccinations in Manchester
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
All info about Diabetes and how to control it.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Ketone bodies and metabolism-biochemistry
This slide consists of all the topics of ketone . This can be used for exam purpose for writing about Diabetic keto acidosis etc . Thank you
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
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The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
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Myelomastocytic Leukemia
- 1. Clinics of Oncology Myelomastocytic Leukemia Horny HP* ISSN: 2640-1037 Clinical Image Europäisches Referenzzentrum für Mastozytose im ECNM, Institut für Pathologie der LMU, Thalkirchnerstr. 36D-80337 München, Germany 1. Clinical Image Myelomastocytic leukemia is a very rare variant of myeloid leukemia, behaves clinically very aggressive and belongs to the group of so-called metachromatic leukemias. Metachromatic leu- kemias comprise leukemias with at least 10 to 20% tumor cells exhibiting metachromatic gran- ules: mast cell leukemia, acute and chronic basophilic leukemias and tryptase+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML). All metachromatic leukemias are rare and often pose substantial differential diagnostic problems. Myelomastocytic leukemia is always associated with a high-grade myeloid neoplasm, i.e., at least myelodysplastic syndrome of EB2-type, but more often with overt AML. The same is true for mast cell leukemia which is associated with a myeloid neoplasm in much more than 50% of all cases. The disease then is termed SM-AHN (MCL-AHN). *Corresponding Author (s): Hans-Peter Horny, Europäisches Referenzzentrum für Mastozytose im ECNM, Institut für Pathologie der LMU, Thalkirchnerstr. 36D-80337 München, Germany, Tel: +49-(0)89218073698, E-mail:hans-peter.horny@med.uni- muenchen.de clinicsofoncology.com Citation: Horny HP, Myelomastocytic Leukemia. Clinics of Oncology. 2019; 1(8): 1-2. Volume 2 Issue 2- 2019 Received Date: 10 May 2019 Accepted Date: 29 May 2019 Published Date: 07 Jun 2019
- 2. Volume 1 Issue8 -2019 Clinical Image Reference 1. Jawhar M, Schwaab J, Meggendorfer M, Naumann N, Horny H-P, Sot- lar K, et al. The clinical and molecular diversity of mast cell leukemia with or without associated hematologic neoplasm. Haematologica. 2017; 102:1035-1043. 2. Valent P, Sotlar K, Blatt K, Hartmann K, Reiter A, Sadovnik I, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria and classification of basophilic leukemias and related disorders. Leukemia. 2017;31:788-793. 3. Horny H-P, Reiter A, Sotlar K, Valent P.Mast cell leukemia: a review. Int J Hematol Oncol. 2014;3:395-405. 4. Valent P, Sotlar K, Sperr WR, Reiter A, Arock M, Horny H-P. Chronic mast cell leukemia: a novel leukemia-variant with distinct morphological and clinical features. Leuk Res. 2015; 39:1-5. 5. Horny H-P, Reiter A, Sotlar K, Valent P. Myelomastocytic leukemia: histopathological features, diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis. Expert Rev Hematol. 2014;7:431-437. 6. Horny H-P, Sotlar K, Valent P. Eosinophil, basophil, and mast infil- trates in the bone marrow: crossing the boundaries of diagnosis. J Hema- topathol. 2011; 4:101-111. 7. Valent P, Sperr WR, Samorapoompichit P, Geissler K, Lechner K, Horny H-P, et al. Myelomastocytic overlap syndromes: biology, criteria, and relationship to mastocytosis. Leuk Res. 2001; 25:595-602. Copyright ©2019 Horny HP Graham al This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. 2