Mycetoma.pdf
•
0 likes•53 views
Eumycetoma is a chronic fungal infection of the foot that develops through a break in the skin. It is caused by fungi such as Madurella mycetomatis. There are two types of mycetoma - actinomycetoma caused by bacteria and eumycetoma caused by fungi. Eumycetoma progresses more slowly than actinomycetoma and causes coarse black or brown grains. Diagnosis involves identifying the causative agent by examining grains discharged from the skin under microscopy and attempting to culture the organism.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Downstream processing-Industrial Centrifugation Process
Industrial centrifuges separate or purify large quantities of materials using centrifugal force. They spin samples at high speeds to separate components based on density, size, or shape. There are three main types - decanter, filter, and sedimentation centrifuges. Decanter centrifuges continuously separate solids from liquids or two immiscible liquids. Filter centrifuges retain particulates while allowing liquid to pass through. Sedimentation centrifuges accumulate solids around the bowl wall while liquid exits through an output passage. Industrial centrifuges are used across industries such as fuel processing, water treatment, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, mining, and food/dairy processing.
DSP——--Flotation and Solvent extraction
Flotation is a separation technique used in downstream processing to purify minerals from an ore mixture. It works by selectively attaching air bubbles to the surfaces of desired minerals using chemicals, causing them to float to the top while heavier unwanted minerals remain suspended below. The process involves conditioning the ore, feeding it into a flotation cell with aeration, and collecting the froth containing concentrated valuable minerals separated from waste material. Flotation offers high selectivity, scalability, and recovery rates but requires optimization and incurs costs associated with reagents and froth handling.
Downstream processing -Introduction and Process
This document discusses downstream processing techniques used in biopharmaceutical industries. It describes downstream processing as purifying and concentrating target products from biological mixtures after fermentation or cell culture. The key steps include cell harvesting, disruption, clarification, purification using techniques like chromatography, concentration, and formulation. Filtration is commonly used for clarification, pre-purification, and polishing. Specific filtration techniques discussed include surface filtration, depth filtration, centrifugal filtration, and rotating drum vacuum filtration.
Pox Virus-Pathogenesis Immunity & Diagnosis
Pox viruses can be diagnosed clinically or through laboratory tests. Common symptoms include fever, characteristic raised skin lesions that progress to fluid-filled blisters and pus-filled pustules usually appearing on the face and extremities. Swollen lymph nodes and general symptoms like muscle aches and fatigue may also be present. Travel history and animal contact can provide clues to the specific virus. Polymerase chain reaction testing of lesions or body fluids is the most sensitive method to detect poxvirus DNA. Virus isolation grows the virus for identification but takes longer. Electron microscopy can visualize virus particles less sensitively than PCR.
Types-DNA virus Pox,HPV,Adeno,HHV & Parvo
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of small DNA viruses that infect humans and animals. They include canine parvovirus which infects dogs and causes parvo, feline panleukopenia virus which infects cats, B19 parvovirus which causes fifth disease in humans, and rodent parvoviruses which infect rodents. Parvoviruses are categorized as either autonomous, which can replicate independently, or dependoviruses which require coinfection with another virus like adenovirus.
Parvovirus-Pathogenicity and Clinical presentation
1. Parvovirus B19 causes a range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic infection to transient erythroblastopenia or aplastic crisis depending on the host's immune status and underlying medical conditions.
2. The virus binds to the P blood group antigen receptor on erythroid progenitor cells and causes their lysis, resulting in transient red cell aplasia. This causes a temporary anemia in healthy individuals but can cause a severe aplastic crisis in those with hemolytic anemia.
3. Diagnosis involves detecting B19 viral DNA by PCR or antibodies such as IgM, which indicates a current infection, and IgG which persists for life after infection and confers immunity.
DNA Virus Comparison and Characteristics
Comparison of Morphology,Epidemiology,Classification,Genome structure and organisation,Prevention and treatment of DNA Viruses
Structure,Function and Properties of Immune cells.pdf
Structure,Function and properties of
T cell,B cell,Dendritic cell,stem cell,Macrophages,NK cell,Mast cell ,Basophil,Eosinophil & Neutrophil
Recommended
Downstream processing-Industrial Centrifugation Process
Industrial centrifuges separate or purify large quantities of materials using centrifugal force. They spin samples at high speeds to separate components based on density, size, or shape. There are three main types - decanter, filter, and sedimentation centrifuges. Decanter centrifuges continuously separate solids from liquids or two immiscible liquids. Filter centrifuges retain particulates while allowing liquid to pass through. Sedimentation centrifuges accumulate solids around the bowl wall while liquid exits through an output passage. Industrial centrifuges are used across industries such as fuel processing, water treatment, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, mining, and food/dairy processing.
DSP——--Flotation and Solvent extraction
Flotation is a separation technique used in downstream processing to purify minerals from an ore mixture. It works by selectively attaching air bubbles to the surfaces of desired minerals using chemicals, causing them to float to the top while heavier unwanted minerals remain suspended below. The process involves conditioning the ore, feeding it into a flotation cell with aeration, and collecting the froth containing concentrated valuable minerals separated from waste material. Flotation offers high selectivity, scalability, and recovery rates but requires optimization and incurs costs associated with reagents and froth handling.
Downstream processing -Introduction and Process
This document discusses downstream processing techniques used in biopharmaceutical industries. It describes downstream processing as purifying and concentrating target products from biological mixtures after fermentation or cell culture. The key steps include cell harvesting, disruption, clarification, purification using techniques like chromatography, concentration, and formulation. Filtration is commonly used for clarification, pre-purification, and polishing. Specific filtration techniques discussed include surface filtration, depth filtration, centrifugal filtration, and rotating drum vacuum filtration.
Pox Virus-Pathogenesis Immunity & Diagnosis
Pox viruses can be diagnosed clinically or through laboratory tests. Common symptoms include fever, characteristic raised skin lesions that progress to fluid-filled blisters and pus-filled pustules usually appearing on the face and extremities. Swollen lymph nodes and general symptoms like muscle aches and fatigue may also be present. Travel history and animal contact can provide clues to the specific virus. Polymerase chain reaction testing of lesions or body fluids is the most sensitive method to detect poxvirus DNA. Virus isolation grows the virus for identification but takes longer. Electron microscopy can visualize virus particles less sensitively than PCR.
Types-DNA virus Pox,HPV,Adeno,HHV & Parvo
Parvoviruses are a diverse group of small DNA viruses that infect humans and animals. They include canine parvovirus which infects dogs and causes parvo, feline panleukopenia virus which infects cats, B19 parvovirus which causes fifth disease in humans, and rodent parvoviruses which infect rodents. Parvoviruses are categorized as either autonomous, which can replicate independently, or dependoviruses which require coinfection with another virus like adenovirus.
Parvovirus-Pathogenicity and Clinical presentation
1. Parvovirus B19 causes a range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic infection to transient erythroblastopenia or aplastic crisis depending on the host's immune status and underlying medical conditions.
2. The virus binds to the P blood group antigen receptor on erythroid progenitor cells and causes their lysis, resulting in transient red cell aplasia. This causes a temporary anemia in healthy individuals but can cause a severe aplastic crisis in those with hemolytic anemia.
3. Diagnosis involves detecting B19 viral DNA by PCR or antibodies such as IgM, which indicates a current infection, and IgG which persists for life after infection and confers immunity.
DNA Virus Comparison and Characteristics
Comparison of Morphology,Epidemiology,Classification,Genome structure and organisation,Prevention and treatment of DNA Viruses
Structure,Function and Properties of Immune cells.pdf
Structure,Function and properties of
T cell,B cell,Dendritic cell,stem cell,Macrophages,NK cell,Mast cell ,Basophil,Eosinophil & Neutrophil
ARBO Viruses.pdf
Arboviruses are a group of viruses transmitted by arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. They cause a wide range of diseases from mild fevers to serious encephalitis. There are three main families of arboviruses: Flaviviridae which includes yellow fever, dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses; Togaviridae which includes chikungunya and equine encephalitis viruses; and Bunyaviridae which includes Rift Valley fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Arboviruses are transmitted via arthropod bites and their transmission can be seasonal depending on climate and vector life cycles. Prevention includes avoiding bites, vaccination, and vector control.
Corona Virus.pptx
Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with distinctive spike proteins that give them a crown-like appearance. They can infect humans and animals, causing respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It spreads efficiently between people and has caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 symptoms range from mild to severe, and complications can include pneumonia, respiratory failure, blood clots, and organ damage. Diagnosis involves molecular tests, antigen tests, imaging, and clinical evaluation.
Rhabdo Virus.pptx
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses with bullet-shaped particles that contain single-stranded RNA. They replicate by entering host cells and using their RNA polymerase to transcribe and replicate their genome. New virus particles then bud from the host cell. Rhabdoviruses can infect many species and are transmitted by arthropods or bites. Rabies virus causes fatal neurological disease in humans and other mammals by traveling along nerves to the brain. It evades immunity and commonly causes fear of water, paralysis, and death from respiratory failure. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, exposure history, and fluorescent antibody or PCR testing of brain or saliva samples.
Rubella Virus.pptx
The rubella virus causes German measles and belongs to the Togaviridae family. It is a small, enveloped RNA virus that is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. Rubella infection typically causes a mild illness in children and adults characterized by fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. However, infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in birth defects. Rubella is diagnosed through clinical evaluation, patient history, and serological tests. It can be prevented through vaccination with the MMR or MMRV vaccines.
HAI.pdf
A nosocomial infection, also known as a healthcare-associated infection, is an infection acquired by a patient during their stay in a healthcare facility like a hospital or nursing home, rather than being present or incubating upon admission. These infections can affect various parts of the body and be caused by a variety of microorganisms. They are transmitted through direct contact or airborne routes and pose increased risks of health complications, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality for patients. Preventing nosocomial infections requires rigorous infection control measures in healthcare settings.
HICC.pdf
The Hospital Infection Control Committee (HICC) is responsible for preventing and managing infections within healthcare facilities. The HICC is composed of healthcare professionals from various disciplines who work together to develop infection control policies, educate staff, monitor infections, and ensure regulatory compliance. Key duties of the HICC include creating protocols for hand hygiene, outbreak management, and antimicrobial stewardship programs to safeguard patients, workers, and visitors from healthcare-associated infections.
Antiviral_Drugs.ppt
Antiviral agents work by interfering with different stages of the viral lifecycle such as attachment, entry, replication, and release. There are several classes of antiviral drugs that target specific viral processes including entry inhibitors, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, protease inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors. While antiviral drugs aim to disrupt viral replication selectively, they can cause side effects like gastrointestinal issues, fatigue, headaches, and liver/kidney problems. Viruses may also develop resistance to antiviral medications over time through genetic mutations.
TOXINS.pptx
These toxins damage the blood. Some examples that damage red blood cells include E. coli verotoxin which destroys red blood cells and causes kidney damage, and Vibrio vulnificus toxin which destroys tissue and causes inflammation. Staphylococcal alpha-toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus disrupts blood clotting and causes toxic shock syndrome through inflammation. Hemotoxins damage the blood through mechanisms such as disrupting clotting, destroying red blood cells, and other harmful effects.
Paramyxovirus.pptx
Paramyxoviruses are enveloped viruses that range in size from 100-300 nanometers in diameter. They have a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and can have spherical, oval, or bullet shapes. Paramyxoviruses attach to and fuse with the host cell membrane, releasing their genetic material. The RNA is then transcribed and the proteins are assembled into new viral particles, which bud from the cell to infect others. Common cell lines used to culture paramyxoviruses include Vero, HEL, and MDCK cells. Cytopathic effects include syncytia formation, cell rounding, death, and foci of infection.
Orthomyxovirus.pptx
Orthomyxoviruses are enveloped viruses with helical nucleocapsids and pleomorphic shapes. They contain two main glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Hemagglutinin attaches the virus to host cells while neuraminidase releases the virus. Orthomyxoviruses can be cultivated using cell culture, animal models like chickens and ferrets, or in ovo injection into chicken embryos. Replication involves transcription of viral RNA into DNA, integration into the host genome, then replication and release of new virions.
Microbial Pathogenicity.pptx
Microbial Pathogenicity-bacteria,fungi,virus and parasites along with key factors-Host invasion, invading immune response,virulence factors, systemic spread and transmission
Electrophoresis.pptx
Principle,instrumentation,working mechanism,advantages,limitation &application of MovingBoundary,paper,Immuno,2D,IEF, & Gel(AGE & PAGE) electrophoresis
Electrophoresis..pptx
Basic Principle, working mechanism, instrumentation,advantages,limitations and applications of Electrophoresis
Moving boundary
Paper
AGE & PAGE
Compatibility testing.pptx
Compatibility testing involves mixing a patient's serum with donor red blood cells to check for compatibility and detect any antibodies present in the patient's serum that could react with antigens on the donor's cells. The major cross-match test incubates this mixture to detect clinically significant agglutinating or hemolyzing antibodies, while the minor cross-match tests the donor's plasma with the patient's cells. Factors like specimen collection, storage time, temperature during testing, and contamination can affect compatibility testing results if not properly controlled. The goal of compatibility testing is to safely select blood for transfusion that will not cause harm to the recipient.
Tissue_Fixation.pptx
Tissue Fixation-Principle,Aim,Types,Cytoplasm,Nucleus,Factors affecting fixation,Fixatives,Preparation for Fixation
Systemic Endemic Mycoses-HBCP.pdf
The document discusses four endemic systemic mycoses - histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, and paracoccidiomycosis. It describes the morphology, geographic distribution, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, tissue morphology, and laboratory diagnosis of each. The fungi exist in mould forms in the environment and yeast forms in the body at 37 degrees Celsius. They are found across the Americas, Africa, and some other tropical regions. The spores typically enter through inhalation and can disseminate to cause pulmonary or systemic infection. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and serology of clinical samples.
PATENTING RESEARCH TOOLS.pdf
This document discusses research tools in molecular biology and their patenting. It defines research tools as resources used by scientists that have no immediate therapeutic or diagnostic value, including cell lines, reagents, and laboratory techniques. The document outlines three categories of research tools, examines concerns about accessing patented tools and their effects, and notes both risks and difficulties in patenting research tools.
Plant Patent.pdf
The document discusses patents on plant varieties and plant breeding methods. It covers topics like UPOV conventions which allow protection of new plant varieties, characteristics of protectable plant varieties, provisions regarding plant patents in India, and examples of usual biotechnological patent applications. The document emphasizes that plants, animals, and essentially biological processes are not patentable as per Section 3(j) of the Indian Patents Act.
LYOPHILISER.pdf
The document discusses a lyophiliser or freeze dryer, which uses a three step process to freeze-dry materials for preservation. The process involves prefreezing the material to form ice crystals, primary drying where heat and low pressure allow water to sublime from the frozen material, and secondary drying to remove remaining bound water molecules. A lyophiliser is commonly used in industries like pharmaceuticals, biotech, diagnostics and tissue culture to dry materials while retaining their porous structure and physical form with minimal residual moisture.
Anaerobic Incubator.pdf
Anaerobic incubators are used to provide an oxygen-free atmosphere for growing anaerobic bacteria and conducting experiments. They work by circulating hydrogen gas through a heated palladium catalyst, which removes oxygen through a chemical reaction to form water, maintaining very low oxygen levels between 0-5 ppm. Compared to aerobic processes, anaerobic fermentations are more cost effective as they do not require high aeration, agitation, and cooling. Key components of anaerobic incubators include hydrogen gas, a palladium catalyst, a catalyst fan box, temperature controls, and an airlock. They have applications in clinical and research laboratories, tissue culture, industrial microbiology, quality control testing, biodegradation studies,
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsMore Related Content
More from Dr Sumitha Jagadibabu
ARBO Viruses.pdf
Arboviruses are a group of viruses transmitted by arthropods like mosquitoes and ticks. They cause a wide range of diseases from mild fevers to serious encephalitis. There are three main families of arboviruses: Flaviviridae which includes yellow fever, dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses; Togaviridae which includes chikungunya and equine encephalitis viruses; and Bunyaviridae which includes Rift Valley fever and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Arboviruses are transmitted via arthropod bites and their transmission can be seasonal depending on climate and vector life cycles. Prevention includes avoiding bites, vaccination, and vector control.
Corona Virus.pptx
Coronaviruses are enveloped viruses with distinctive spike proteins that give them a crown-like appearance. They can infect humans and animals, causing respiratory and gastrointestinal illness. SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. It spreads efficiently between people and has caused a global pandemic. COVID-19 symptoms range from mild to severe, and complications can include pneumonia, respiratory failure, blood clots, and organ damage. Diagnosis involves molecular tests, antigen tests, imaging, and clinical evaluation.
Rhabdo Virus.pptx
Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses with bullet-shaped particles that contain single-stranded RNA. They replicate by entering host cells and using their RNA polymerase to transcribe and replicate their genome. New virus particles then bud from the host cell. Rhabdoviruses can infect many species and are transmitted by arthropods or bites. Rabies virus causes fatal neurological disease in humans and other mammals by traveling along nerves to the brain. It evades immunity and commonly causes fear of water, paralysis, and death from respiratory failure. Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation, exposure history, and fluorescent antibody or PCR testing of brain or saliva samples.
Rubella Virus.pptx
The rubella virus causes German measles and belongs to the Togaviridae family. It is a small, enveloped RNA virus that is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets. Rubella infection typically causes a mild illness in children and adults characterized by fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy. However, infection during pregnancy can lead to congenital rubella syndrome in the fetus, resulting in birth defects. Rubella is diagnosed through clinical evaluation, patient history, and serological tests. It can be prevented through vaccination with the MMR or MMRV vaccines.
HAI.pdf
A nosocomial infection, also known as a healthcare-associated infection, is an infection acquired by a patient during their stay in a healthcare facility like a hospital or nursing home, rather than being present or incubating upon admission. These infections can affect various parts of the body and be caused by a variety of microorganisms. They are transmitted through direct contact or airborne routes and pose increased risks of health complications, prolonged hospitalization, and mortality for patients. Preventing nosocomial infections requires rigorous infection control measures in healthcare settings.
HICC.pdf
The Hospital Infection Control Committee (HICC) is responsible for preventing and managing infections within healthcare facilities. The HICC is composed of healthcare professionals from various disciplines who work together to develop infection control policies, educate staff, monitor infections, and ensure regulatory compliance. Key duties of the HICC include creating protocols for hand hygiene, outbreak management, and antimicrobial stewardship programs to safeguard patients, workers, and visitors from healthcare-associated infections.
Antiviral_Drugs.ppt
Antiviral agents work by interfering with different stages of the viral lifecycle such as attachment, entry, replication, and release. There are several classes of antiviral drugs that target specific viral processes including entry inhibitors, nucleoside/nucleotide analogues, protease inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, and neuraminidase inhibitors. While antiviral drugs aim to disrupt viral replication selectively, they can cause side effects like gastrointestinal issues, fatigue, headaches, and liver/kidney problems. Viruses may also develop resistance to antiviral medications over time through genetic mutations.
TOXINS.pptx
These toxins damage the blood. Some examples that damage red blood cells include E. coli verotoxin which destroys red blood cells and causes kidney damage, and Vibrio vulnificus toxin which destroys tissue and causes inflammation. Staphylococcal alpha-toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus disrupts blood clotting and causes toxic shock syndrome through inflammation. Hemotoxins damage the blood through mechanisms such as disrupting clotting, destroying red blood cells, and other harmful effects.
Paramyxovirus.pptx
Paramyxoviruses are enveloped viruses that range in size from 100-300 nanometers in diameter. They have a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome and can have spherical, oval, or bullet shapes. Paramyxoviruses attach to and fuse with the host cell membrane, releasing their genetic material. The RNA is then transcribed and the proteins are assembled into new viral particles, which bud from the cell to infect others. Common cell lines used to culture paramyxoviruses include Vero, HEL, and MDCK cells. Cytopathic effects include syncytia formation, cell rounding, death, and foci of infection.
Orthomyxovirus.pptx
Orthomyxoviruses are enveloped viruses with helical nucleocapsids and pleomorphic shapes. They contain two main glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. Hemagglutinin attaches the virus to host cells while neuraminidase releases the virus. Orthomyxoviruses can be cultivated using cell culture, animal models like chickens and ferrets, or in ovo injection into chicken embryos. Replication involves transcription of viral RNA into DNA, integration into the host genome, then replication and release of new virions.
Microbial Pathogenicity.pptx
Microbial Pathogenicity-bacteria,fungi,virus and parasites along with key factors-Host invasion, invading immune response,virulence factors, systemic spread and transmission
Electrophoresis.pptx
Principle,instrumentation,working mechanism,advantages,limitation &application of MovingBoundary,paper,Immuno,2D,IEF, & Gel(AGE & PAGE) electrophoresis
Electrophoresis..pptx
Basic Principle, working mechanism, instrumentation,advantages,limitations and applications of Electrophoresis
Moving boundary
Paper
AGE & PAGE
Compatibility testing.pptx
Compatibility testing involves mixing a patient's serum with donor red blood cells to check for compatibility and detect any antibodies present in the patient's serum that could react with antigens on the donor's cells. The major cross-match test incubates this mixture to detect clinically significant agglutinating or hemolyzing antibodies, while the minor cross-match tests the donor's plasma with the patient's cells. Factors like specimen collection, storage time, temperature during testing, and contamination can affect compatibility testing results if not properly controlled. The goal of compatibility testing is to safely select blood for transfusion that will not cause harm to the recipient.
Tissue_Fixation.pptx
Tissue Fixation-Principle,Aim,Types,Cytoplasm,Nucleus,Factors affecting fixation,Fixatives,Preparation for Fixation
Systemic Endemic Mycoses-HBCP.pdf
The document discusses four endemic systemic mycoses - histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, and paracoccidiomycosis. It describes the morphology, geographic distribution, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, tissue morphology, and laboratory diagnosis of each. The fungi exist in mould forms in the environment and yeast forms in the body at 37 degrees Celsius. They are found across the Americas, Africa, and some other tropical regions. The spores typically enter through inhalation and can disseminate to cause pulmonary or systemic infection. Laboratory diagnosis involves microscopy, culture, and serology of clinical samples.
PATENTING RESEARCH TOOLS.pdf
This document discusses research tools in molecular biology and their patenting. It defines research tools as resources used by scientists that have no immediate therapeutic or diagnostic value, including cell lines, reagents, and laboratory techniques. The document outlines three categories of research tools, examines concerns about accessing patented tools and their effects, and notes both risks and difficulties in patenting research tools.
Plant Patent.pdf
The document discusses patents on plant varieties and plant breeding methods. It covers topics like UPOV conventions which allow protection of new plant varieties, characteristics of protectable plant varieties, provisions regarding plant patents in India, and examples of usual biotechnological patent applications. The document emphasizes that plants, animals, and essentially biological processes are not patentable as per Section 3(j) of the Indian Patents Act.
LYOPHILISER.pdf
The document discusses a lyophiliser or freeze dryer, which uses a three step process to freeze-dry materials for preservation. The process involves prefreezing the material to form ice crystals, primary drying where heat and low pressure allow water to sublime from the frozen material, and secondary drying to remove remaining bound water molecules. A lyophiliser is commonly used in industries like pharmaceuticals, biotech, diagnostics and tissue culture to dry materials while retaining their porous structure and physical form with minimal residual moisture.
Anaerobic Incubator.pdf
Anaerobic incubators are used to provide an oxygen-free atmosphere for growing anaerobic bacteria and conducting experiments. They work by circulating hydrogen gas through a heated palladium catalyst, which removes oxygen through a chemical reaction to form water, maintaining very low oxygen levels between 0-5 ppm. Compared to aerobic processes, anaerobic fermentations are more cost effective as they do not require high aeration, agitation, and cooling. Key components of anaerobic incubators include hydrogen gas, a palladium catalyst, a catalyst fan box, temperature controls, and an airlock. They have applications in clinical and research laboratories, tissue culture, industrial microbiology, quality control testing, biodegradation studies,
More from Dr Sumitha Jagadibabu (20)
Recently uploaded
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsSAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Micronuclei test.M.sc.zoology.fisheries.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero WaterTexas Alliance of Groundwater Districts
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business MeetingTravis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Applied Science: Thermodynamics, Laws & Methodology.pdf
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Sharlene Leurig - Enabling Onsite Water Use with Net Zero Water
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Mycetoma.pdf
- 1. Eumycetoma Dr Sumitha J Associate Professor JBAS College for Women,Chennai-18
- 2. Mycetoma Mycetoma is a granulomatous foot infection acquired through break or cut in the skin They develop as painless masses beneath the skin There are two types of Mycetoma based on the Causative agent- Actinomycetoma(Bacteria) and Eumycetoma(Fungi) It is a chronic and progressive destructive disease
- 3. Eumycetoma-Causative agents Mycetoma Causative agent Grain Colour Eumycetoma Madurella mycetomatis Black to Brown Madurella grisea Black to brown Falcifomispora senegaliensis Black Neotestidina rosatti Yellow Actinomycetoma Actinomadura madurae White Actinomadurae pelletieri White Nocardia Yellow
- 4. Difference between Actinomycetoma and Eumycetoma Characteristics Actinomycetoma Eumycetoma Causative agent Bacteria Fungi Gram’s Staining Gram Positive Gram Negative Filament Septate fi ne branching Septate hyphae Stain Better with Gram’s Stain Better with PAS
- 5. Difference between Actinomycetoma and Eumycetoma Characteristics Actinomycetoma Eumycetoma Course of Infection Rapid Progression Slowly progressive Grain Size Fine-20 to 100micrometer Coarse-0.5 to 2.0mm Pigment on Histopathology Absent Melanin Pathology Clinical triad-1.Tumefaction 2.Draining sinuses 3.Discharging grains Less In fl ammatory and less destructive
- 6. Difference between Actinomycetoma and Eumycetoma Characteristics Actinomycetoma Eumycetoma Culture SDA without cyclohgeximide Drug of Choice Dapsone Sulfamethoxazole Ketoconazole Itraconazole Pigment on Histopathology Absent Melanin Pathology Clinical triad-1.Tumefaction 2.Draining sinuses 3.Discharging grains Less In fl ammatory and less destructive
- 7. Mycetoma Pathogenesis Transmitted from Soil through minor cuts/breaks in the skin Microabscess Slowly Progressive to Chronic granulomatous Affects the Skin and Underlying tissues and continue to deform bone in severe conditions
- 8. Mycetoma Clinical Presentation Starts as a painless lump under the skin Open Infection with Discharging Grains containing fungal spores Thickening of skin and subcutaneous tissue Lesion enlarges and become tumorous
- 9. Diagnosis Clinical Presentation Identification of Causative agents Direct Microscopy of Grains Culture of Organisms Histological examination Molecular Methods Serology