This document outlines a research proposal to study the socio-economic status of the Satar ethnic group in Chandragadi Village Development Committee of Jhapa District, Nepal. The proposal includes an introduction providing background on Nepal's ethnic diversity and the Satar people. It states the problem as the Satar experiencing poverty and landlessness. The objectives are to analyze the Satar's socio-economic status and cultural behaviors. The methodology discusses a descriptive analytical design using primary and secondary data collection from a sample of Satar households. The proposal is submitted to the Central Department of Rural Development for review.
This is an internship report prepared by Mr. Santosh Parmar under the supervision of Dr. M.Mukhtar Alam, ED, Center for Agriculture and Rural Development.
As a part of internship at MGNCRE, I have prepared this report on a village in Andhra Pradesh. This report typically includes PRA tools to document the problems of the village. I am currently pursuing MBA in Rural Management at KIIT School of Rural Management.
A study on the functioning of old age homes and the problems faced by them in...Vachas Krishnan
There has been a progressive increase in both the number and proposition of old age homes in India over the last two decades. As of 2006, Kerala State led the rest of the country with more 420 old age homes, followed by Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. One out of every 12 old age homes in India is located in Kerala.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to examine the various aspects of this new and fast growing population of old age homes and to understand the operations, the managements, the problems of old age homes.
VILLAGE PROFILE AND MICRO PLANNING, Etah, Uttar PradeshAnoop K Mishra
This is the report of the Baseline Survey (BLS) of Village- Mubarakpur Nibarua, Block-Sakit, Dist.-Etah, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). It is one of the 107452 identified villages of the Uttar Pradesh. The Survey has been sponsored by a solar energy solutions company Urja Unlimited for exploring development deficit in the availability of electricity for development of basic amenities such as housing, drinking water, sanitary toilets etc. and critical linkages like lightings on roads, schools, banks, markets etc. It also intends to identify artisanal income generating activities for villagers.
This is an internship report prepared by Mr. Santosh Parmar under the supervision of Dr. M.Mukhtar Alam, ED, Center for Agriculture and Rural Development.
As a part of internship at MGNCRE, I have prepared this report on a village in Andhra Pradesh. This report typically includes PRA tools to document the problems of the village. I am currently pursuing MBA in Rural Management at KIIT School of Rural Management.
A study on the functioning of old age homes and the problems faced by them in...Vachas Krishnan
There has been a progressive increase in both the number and proposition of old age homes in India over the last two decades. As of 2006, Kerala State led the rest of the country with more 420 old age homes, followed by Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. One out of every 12 old age homes in India is located in Kerala.
Therefore, there is an urgent need to examine the various aspects of this new and fast growing population of old age homes and to understand the operations, the managements, the problems of old age homes.
VILLAGE PROFILE AND MICRO PLANNING, Etah, Uttar PradeshAnoop K Mishra
This is the report of the Baseline Survey (BLS) of Village- Mubarakpur Nibarua, Block-Sakit, Dist.-Etah, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.). It is one of the 107452 identified villages of the Uttar Pradesh. The Survey has been sponsored by a solar energy solutions company Urja Unlimited for exploring development deficit in the availability of electricity for development of basic amenities such as housing, drinking water, sanitary toilets etc. and critical linkages like lightings on roads, schools, banks, markets etc. It also intends to identify artisanal income generating activities for villagers.
Water resources (geography chapter 3, class 10)VJLEARNING
This document explains the class 10 geography chapter 3 Water Resources. This will help all the students.
Teachers can take the help of this document to explain this chapter to their students, as students learn better when they visualize their learning
This report contains detailed analysis of the socio economic profiling of Bhemdevrapalli village in the Warangal district of Telangana, done under partial fulfillment of my PGDM course at Development Management Institute.
Participatory Rural Appraisal are more of Methods of Interacting with the people of villages, rural areas whose data and countings are rarely done, but need to be looked at, after all they contribute for the GDP. A branch of Extension Education, Each one should be Cared For and shouldn't be overlooked.
Here you can get the information about all the aspects of the north eastern states of India like Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim.
Final report of the project conducted by PRIA for Ministry of Women and Child Development.
About the Project: The state of Jharkhand was carved out of Southern Bihar on November 15, 2000 essentially as a ‘tribal state.’ The existence of a substantial tribal population in Jharkhand who had not been part of the post-independence mainstream development story meant that the growth also had to be harnessed to meet the goals of poverty alleviation and equity. The violent conflict over land, resources and the tribal alienation in Jharkhand compels us to think about development in terms of conflict sensitive development which by its very nature is intrinsically linked with political empowerment.
The ‘left wing extremism’ (LWE) movement, as the Government of India describes it, has swept across the state and while the impact has not been uniformly no district in Jharkhand can be completely free from its larger impact. Women have been caught between two armed state and non-state actors. Yet their plight, the conditions under which they can exercise agency in the midst of conflict and tension that have often been violent in nature has not received systematic attention. This study attempted to plug this gap by breaking the silence around women, particularly tribal women, either directly caught in or affected by this conflict.
A report presentation on villagr survey by group of girls.The village name is ramana .Its covers all the facilities of this village and weakness of this village.
S Williams 1Running header An Individual’s Culture.docxjeffsrosalyn
S Williams 1
Running header: An Individual’s Culture
Sociology Assignment Paper
Observation of an Individual’s Culture Different to Mine
Sa’Lerial Williams
College of the Mainland
Professor Sabido
Intro to Sociology
July. 26 2019
Observation of an Individual’s Culture Different to Mine
For this sociology assignment paper, I have selected a group of people to whom I met at an event related to their festival. These people are Nepalese, and their culture is totally different from my culture. One of my friends took me to their event with him; a boy named Bhatt was my friend’s friend, who is from Nepal. Bhatt is an Asian male, I just got amazed at the initial introduction I started observing their culture in detail and was mesmerized. I just loved their culture and that’s why my topic of sociology paper is Nepalese culture. I have observed a lot of things in that event because there was a vast range of Nepalese traditional dresses, food, ways of celebration, etc. and later I also researched a lot about their culture. Individuals of Nepal usually greet others with Namaste as a customary salaam, as they did when I was in that event that is widely practiced in most of the nation. This group is approximately 23 million Nepalese who made 69 diverse linguistic and cultural groups, additionally recognized as ethnic associations existing in various parts of the country (Gopal & Verma, 1977). Essentially every ethnic group has their different clothes, vocalize their dialects or languages, and develop their religious traditions. People live under various distinct environmental and geographic familiarizations, from the low fields near the border of India, northward into the central valleys and hills of Mahabharata Mountain, and up to the tremendous manifest lowlands of the Himalayan region.
Languages: In Nepal commonly, there are a couple of significant groups of people located in high Himalayan range Tibetan font (Bhot Burmese or Tibeto-Burman) and low hill to Indo-Aryan (Bharopeli) mid-hill origin societies. Region of Himalayan villages groups who speak Tibetan origin Gurung of Manang, Tibetan Sherpa, Dolpo, Mustang district and Thakali of high plain of Mustang are observed in subalpine to Tran’s regions of Himalayan. The best recognized are the people of Sherpa who have achieved world fame and attention because of their skills of mountaineering. The word “Sherpa,” in English signified as a mountain leader, and Bhatt my friend's friend is from Sherpa, he had extraordinary skills and strength.
Sub-cultures: In the mid-hill frequently located Chepang, Gurung, Sunwar, Rai, Magar, Tamang, and Limbu groups, as well as different Mongoloid groups, exist in these areas. In towns, Kshetri, Punjabi, and Marbadi where different diverse groups are located. The groups of Magar, Gurung, Limbu, Rai, are popular in the world because of Gurkha solder.
Geography: In Terai Plain Lal (Mithila), Yadav, Jha, Singh, Majhi, Rajput, Kshetri, and many more people .
Water resources (geography chapter 3, class 10)VJLEARNING
This document explains the class 10 geography chapter 3 Water Resources. This will help all the students.
Teachers can take the help of this document to explain this chapter to their students, as students learn better when they visualize their learning
This report contains detailed analysis of the socio economic profiling of Bhemdevrapalli village in the Warangal district of Telangana, done under partial fulfillment of my PGDM course at Development Management Institute.
Participatory Rural Appraisal are more of Methods of Interacting with the people of villages, rural areas whose data and countings are rarely done, but need to be looked at, after all they contribute for the GDP. A branch of Extension Education, Each one should be Cared For and shouldn't be overlooked.
Here you can get the information about all the aspects of the north eastern states of India like Assam, Manipur, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim.
Final report of the project conducted by PRIA for Ministry of Women and Child Development.
About the Project: The state of Jharkhand was carved out of Southern Bihar on November 15, 2000 essentially as a ‘tribal state.’ The existence of a substantial tribal population in Jharkhand who had not been part of the post-independence mainstream development story meant that the growth also had to be harnessed to meet the goals of poverty alleviation and equity. The violent conflict over land, resources and the tribal alienation in Jharkhand compels us to think about development in terms of conflict sensitive development which by its very nature is intrinsically linked with political empowerment.
The ‘left wing extremism’ (LWE) movement, as the Government of India describes it, has swept across the state and while the impact has not been uniformly no district in Jharkhand can be completely free from its larger impact. Women have been caught between two armed state and non-state actors. Yet their plight, the conditions under which they can exercise agency in the midst of conflict and tension that have often been violent in nature has not received systematic attention. This study attempted to plug this gap by breaking the silence around women, particularly tribal women, either directly caught in or affected by this conflict.
A report presentation on villagr survey by group of girls.The village name is ramana .Its covers all the facilities of this village and weakness of this village.
S Williams 1Running header An Individual’s Culture.docxjeffsrosalyn
S Williams 1
Running header: An Individual’s Culture
Sociology Assignment Paper
Observation of an Individual’s Culture Different to Mine
Sa’Lerial Williams
College of the Mainland
Professor Sabido
Intro to Sociology
July. 26 2019
Observation of an Individual’s Culture Different to Mine
For this sociology assignment paper, I have selected a group of people to whom I met at an event related to their festival. These people are Nepalese, and their culture is totally different from my culture. One of my friends took me to their event with him; a boy named Bhatt was my friend’s friend, who is from Nepal. Bhatt is an Asian male, I just got amazed at the initial introduction I started observing their culture in detail and was mesmerized. I just loved their culture and that’s why my topic of sociology paper is Nepalese culture. I have observed a lot of things in that event because there was a vast range of Nepalese traditional dresses, food, ways of celebration, etc. and later I also researched a lot about their culture. Individuals of Nepal usually greet others with Namaste as a customary salaam, as they did when I was in that event that is widely practiced in most of the nation. This group is approximately 23 million Nepalese who made 69 diverse linguistic and cultural groups, additionally recognized as ethnic associations existing in various parts of the country (Gopal & Verma, 1977). Essentially every ethnic group has their different clothes, vocalize their dialects or languages, and develop their religious traditions. People live under various distinct environmental and geographic familiarizations, from the low fields near the border of India, northward into the central valleys and hills of Mahabharata Mountain, and up to the tremendous manifest lowlands of the Himalayan region.
Languages: In Nepal commonly, there are a couple of significant groups of people located in high Himalayan range Tibetan font (Bhot Burmese or Tibeto-Burman) and low hill to Indo-Aryan (Bharopeli) mid-hill origin societies. Region of Himalayan villages groups who speak Tibetan origin Gurung of Manang, Tibetan Sherpa, Dolpo, Mustang district and Thakali of high plain of Mustang are observed in subalpine to Tran’s regions of Himalayan. The best recognized are the people of Sherpa who have achieved world fame and attention because of their skills of mountaineering. The word “Sherpa,” in English signified as a mountain leader, and Bhatt my friend's friend is from Sherpa, he had extraordinary skills and strength.
Sub-cultures: In the mid-hill frequently located Chepang, Gurung, Sunwar, Rai, Magar, Tamang, and Limbu groups, as well as different Mongoloid groups, exist in these areas. In towns, Kshetri, Punjabi, and Marbadi where different diverse groups are located. The groups of Magar, Gurung, Limbu, Rai, are popular in the world because of Gurkha solder.
Geography: In Terai Plain Lal (Mithila), Yadav, Jha, Singh, Majhi, Rajput, Kshetri, and many more people .
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Awareness Level of Tribes about various Government Development Schemes-with special reference to Toda and Kota tribes of Nilgiri district in Tamil Nadu
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Dalit of Odisha: A Case Study of the Dombos in Rayagada Districtijtsrd
The term Dalit,' in Sanskrit is both a noun and an adjective. As a noun, Dalit can be used for all three genders, masculine, feminine and neuter. It has been derived from the root word Dal' which means to crack, split etc. The word -Dalit' has come to mean that things or persons come under, the category of downtrodden, scattered, crushed, destroyed etc. The listed 93 Scheduled Caste communities of Odisha are known as Dalit in Odishan social system. But, in fact, the untouchables among the Scheduled Castes are the Dalits. The Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes comprise about 16.6 and 8.6 , respectively of India's population according to the 2011 census . There are total population in socially untouchables and economically poor in the lowest point of social structure in Odisha. After of independence of India, their social, political, education justice, economic status has not been changed as expected. The examination and analysis of present status of Dalits will be made through empirical study. The outcome of this study will draw a clear picture of the position of Dalits in Odisha and it will motivate government and non government agencies to take initiative to promote Dalits. Paramananda Naik "Dalit of Odisha: A Case Study of the Dombos in Rayagada District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29601.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/29601/dalit-of-odisha-a-case-study-of-the-dombos-in-rayagada-district/paramananda-naik
Inclusive Policies and their impact on Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case o...AI Publications
Gujjar Tribals constitute the prime share of tribal population of union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Gujjar being the most populous tribe constitutes the 69.1% of total Scheduled Population of Jammu and Kashmir. The Gujjar Tribals have been accorded tribal status under ‘Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Act, 1991’. They are living a pathetic life and are socially-economically backward as compared to the general population of Jammu and Kashmir. The prevalence of discrimination and exclusion of the marginalized communities since the historical times remained the debatable issue to remedy it. Accordingly, Constitution of Independent India has enabled the nation to focus on the protection of distinctive way of life of ST’s and protect them from social injustices and all forms of exploitation and discrimination. The governments at central and state level have also made bold attempts to bring the inclusion of this backward community in the mainstream. Accordingly, various inclusive policies in terms of education, health, employment were put in place to bring the stop of their marginalization. The present paper intends to explore the various policies and to gauge their impact on the tribal population of Jammu and Kashmir in general and Gujjar Tribals in particular. The nature of the study is qualitative and secondary sources of data including census 2011 report and reports of Ministry of Tribal Affairs is the main stay of this study.
Chepangs are one of the Tribal group of Nepal. They have very poor economic standards of living.
This report is a Sociological based, the field-trip observation of the year 2014, covering the actual scenario of their living standard and that shows an appeal of instant protection from the government and other concerned authorities.
Tribal Women Empowerment through Education With Special Reference to Rural Ar...ijtsrd
The aims of the paper to focused the current situation of the tribal women education and the role of women in the society. The tribal women faced various obstacles along with the pathway education of tribal women therefore for the development of any society the society the education play a major role for its sake therefore many reasons for the low level of education among the tribal’s women. It is generally seen that most of the tribal girls got early marriage due to the pressure of their parents and it is not possible for all tribal girls to continue their further studies. Education is the main key to success of any nation of the country women are the first teacher of the child in the whole world. At the current time the role of women is considered in all aspect of life. Objective of the study for this study the main objectives are to discuss the role of tribal women in the society and to describe the issues and challenges of tribal women for their education. Method for the study The present study qualitative in nature and based on both primary and secondary data. Results and discussions It is generally seen that the tribal women play a vital role in education and for the Indian society. Mukhtar Ahmed | Shahzad Chowdhary "Tribal Women Empowerment through Education: With Special Reference to Rural Areas of Jammu and Kashmir" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49178.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49178/tribal-women-empowerment-through-education-with-special-reference-to-rural-areas-of-jammu-and-kashmir/mukhtar-ahmed
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
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👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
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Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
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1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
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Orchestrator execution result
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SAP heatmap example with demo
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Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
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Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
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Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
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- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
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Unsubscribed: Combat Subscription Fatigue With a Membership Mentality by Head...
My Project Work
1. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF SATARS
(A Case study of Chandragadi VDC of Jhapa District)
Submitted By
RAJESH KOIRALA
Exam Roll No.475
Reg. No. : 702-94
A Project Proposal Submitted to the
Central Department of Rural Development
Faculty of Humanities and Social Science
Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur
Kathmandu, Nepal
July 2000
Table of Contents
2. 1. Introduction
1.1 General Background
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Significance of the Study
1.4 Objectives of Study
1.5 Limitation of Study
2 Research Methodologies
2.1 Rationale of Selection of the Study Area
2.2 Research Design
2.3 Sources of Data
2.3.1 Primary Data
2.3.2 Secondary Data
2.4 Total Population and Sample
2.5 Methods of Data Collection
2.6 Data Presentation and Analysis
References
1. INTRODUCTION
3. 1.1 General Background
Nepal is one of the small countries in the world. Situated in the lap of the Himalaya, it is
located in between the latitude 26o 22' to 30o 27' north and longitude 80o 4' to 88o 12' east
and elevation range from 90 to 8848 meters. The average length being 885 km. east to west
and average breadth is about 193 km. north to south. Geographically it is divided in three
regions: Mountain, Hill and Terai. The country is bordering between the two most
populous countries of the world.
Social structure of Nepal is very complex, which has been highlighted by various foreign
and Nepalese scholars in their writings. Unity in diversity is the major characteristic of
Nepalese national culture. To explain its diversity Professor Tony Hagen has rightly said
that Nepal is one the ethnic turntable of Asia.
Nepal is multi-ethnic, multi-cultural and multi-lingual country where more than 60 ethnic
groups can be found. It is meeting ground for different people and culture situated at the
natural boundary and the watershed that’s runs through the middle of the largest continent
in the world. Nepal has traditionally attracted and given shelter to people from all direction,
east, west, north and south. So development is equally important along with the
geographical space in the process of national development. Almost all ethnic groups are
considered as poor, some belongs to upper class from the point of view of social, political
and economical aspect but the national development must cope with them all which
requires the social, cultural and economical improvement of those communities. Otherwise
not only Nepal but all others poor countries will remain poor forever.
Ethnic diversity gives birth to the religious diversity. A nation cannot exist if we leave the
diversity. The whole society here is recognized as a Nepalese society in spite of much
diversity. Ethnic diversity produces diversities in almost all the aspects of culture. Human
group can easily be separated due the ethnic diversity. More separation among the group
brings different types of elements in the society, like quarrel, murder, crime and other evil
things. Due to the result of struggle between castes and sub-castes a certain group may be
destroys or exiled. Nepalese society is a unique example of the mixture of different caste
and ethnic groups living together. Believing in communitive work, cooperation accepting
4. legally inter-caste marriage and equality in the caste, religion, community recognition
instead of personal recognition are the aspects of equality in the diversity.
Mountain, Hill and Terai have distinct natural features along with population
characteristics. Sherpa, Bhote etc are from mountain, Rai, Limbu etc are from hill and
Satar, Tharu, Yadav, and Mushar etc are from terai in their geographical identification.
Among the different ethnic groups, Satar is one of the indigenous group having their
unique culture, traditions and rituals. Their total population is 42698, 0.19% of the total
national population where as in Jhapa district they constitute 23,172 (3.66) (CBS, 2002). In
the study area (Chandragadi VDC of Jhapa district) their population is 548(3.41%). They
are considered as very poor people and land of their own is rare. They make their home
near the forest area or on the bank of the river. They celebrate their own culture, own
beliefs and ritual.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The national economy of Nepal is fully depends upon agriculture, so the agriculture is the
backbone of economy. The productivity in agriculture sector has been declining on account
of lack of irrigation, fertilizers, modern agriculture equipments and agriculture credit. By
this backwardness in agriculture, it has affected not only other people but also to Satar
group who are fully depended on fishing, gathering of tumor and hunting. One of the main
reasons of poverty among Satar is limited access to the agriculture and land and although
they live in Jhapa, Morang and Sunsari district of eastern Nepal which is sounder than
western Nepal in the case of agriculture, this group is almost poor and landless group. Also
their access in agriculture is uncertain in the future due to the low concentration by the
government and they have no any chances in the future to own the land. These groups are
living on others land mostly owned by upper cast groups.
Because of high agricultural productivity in these areas, migration from hilly region of
eastern part is becoming another big problem and it is affecting to the Satar day by day.
People migrate from the hilly region to these three districts and own a land for their needs,
by this, those Satar groups have to leave the land where they are living and settle on
another person's land. Because of poverty and landlessness they have to do this several
5. times. At this time they don't get any option but to leave the place where they are living as
soon as possible.
The hill based groups are not only clever but also some people use force to capture the
fertile land of indigenous people like Rajbanshi, Dhimals and Satar. Although these
indigenous people almost do not have land, few land owner may be victims of hilly people
and loose whole or part of their land. Even the households who had agriculture land, due to
the lack of irrigation, agriculture inputs, chemical fertilizer and technical know-how, every
year the productivity is decreasing and not sufficient to maintain the living standard and
compelled to sell a plot of their land. Many of them have becoming agriculture labor.
Even if we called, quot;Nepal is a garden of flowers,quot; the flowers are sucking and plucking by
the clever upper groups. The unfortunate is that not only clever groups suck and pluck
lower ethnic group but the same ethnic groups also doing that kinds of job within the same
groups. The clever people have captured more properties and the lower economic classes of
the people are becoming poorer and poorer.
The majority group dominates some of the ethnic groups and their cultures: some of the
minorities are oppressed and exploited by the majority who make up the ruling class. Thus,
some of the ethnic groups, minorities, tribal and indigenous people can be encompassed
into the disadvantaged group. We found pluralism in our country. Each and every ethnic
group has its own culture, economic and social and religious reliefs and their culture plays
significant role in the national cultural and nation building process. If unique culture of
Satar is neglected, it will be incomplete explaining the Nepali culture.
1.3 Significance of the Study
Nepal is known as the garden of different flowers. It demonstrates that there are different
ethnic groups, which have their own language, culture, dress, lifestyle etc that is influenced
with the climate and the economic condition of that groups as well as the influence of
development and the development of other groups of people.
6. In primitive age, people lived in forest and their main occupation was hunting. They lived
in-groups and the stronger groups have been dominated the weak groups. During the period
of time, different ways of dominating the groups of people and countries were emerged.
After the “Industrial Revolution” of 17th to 18th century many “Industrial countries” made
colony to the third world nations for their market and for raw materials, minerals etc. When
the light of education was spread to the colonial countries, the people started fighting
against the imperialist are made their countries independent. In Nepal after the Rana
regime, there were establishing schools, collages and the facility of road and air
transportation. The economically upper class of people and the upper class generally
utilized these facilities.
In the same way, in Jhapa district, the tribal castes like Dhimal, Satar, Rajbansi and Meche
are also influenced economically as well as socially by the Brahman, Chhetri, Rai, Limbu
and Gurung. The hill based ethnic groups of people started to migrate in this district. At the
beginning of migration they settle at the foot of hills and after the opening of east west
Mahendra highway, they gradually scattered along with this highway. The process was
continued and the program of Punarbas and the construction of North-South linkage road,
like Birtamode-Kechana, Dudhe, Mahabhara, Surunga-Jhapa, Padajungi-Gauriganj, helped
the hill base ethnic groups to reach up to the Nepal-India boarder.
The Satars are relatively disadvantaged community. This community is in crisis. They are
affected by modernization and westernization. So, this study basically centers on and
around the socio-economic statu of Satar of Chandragadi VDC of Jhapa District.
s
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The general objective of the study is to analyze the socio-economic status of Satar of the
Chandragadi VDC.
Other specific objectives are:
1. To trace out the cultural behavior of Satars of the study area.
2. To find out the social organization and social behavior of Satars.
3. To assess the impact of other cultures in their culture.
7. 1.5 Limitations of the Study
The present study will be focused on the socio-economic status of Satar of Chandragadi
VDC of Jhapa District, Nepal. Every social science research is not beyond the limitations
and it is not the exception of that. Some major limitations are as follows.
1. The study will be conducted at Chandragadi VDC of Jhapa district and the
generalization of this study may or may not be applicable to other places or
community ,
2. This study will be conducted with financial limitations and in a limited time
framework,
3. Simple statistical tools will be used to analyze the data.
4. The study is representing only a selected community for research but not the whole
communities,
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1 Rationale of Selection of the Study Area
The proposed study will be carried out in the Chandragadi VDC of Jhapa district. Satar of
the study area are one of the primitive indigenous ethnic groups. There are about 75
families of Satars are living in the study area. Their economic condition is very poor
despite they are rich in their culture. They are being exploited by the so called upper caste
and elite people. So the present study will try to trace out the socio-economic status of
Satar.
8. 2.2 Research Design
In order to fulfill the objectives of this study, descriptive and analytical systems will be
used. In accordance to above set objectives, the study will be carried out in a systematic
way.
2.3 Sources of Data
In this study, both primary as well as secondary data will be considered.
2.3.1 Primary Data
The primary data will be collected using questionnaire, from each selected households.
Each sampling households will be selected by simple random sampling method. The
household details, according to questionnaire, will be collected through the direct contact
with Satar people.
2.3.2 Secondary Data
The numbers of secondary data will be taken out from the published books, journals and
documents of Nepal.
2.4 Total Population and Sample
Among the whole population of the Satar of Chandragadi VDC, 10 percent will be selected
as sample on the basis of simple random sampling method.
2.5 Method of Data Collection
To collect the required data, an individual will be selected from the sampled household and
will be interviewed from sample households heads to get information. For the personal
interview, a pre-designed questionnaire will be used. If required, the observation method
will be used specially to know about the socio-economic aspects of Satar people. The data
9. will be thoroughly checked, edited and tabulated to make the data set suitable for analysis.
Data processing will be performed with the help of simple calculator, computer and other
electronic and manual devices.
2.6 Data Presentation and Analysis
The collected data will be quantified by tabulating. Qualitative data will be arranged
systematically. The data will be processed by editing, classifying and tabulating. In this
study, analytical as well as descriptive methods will be used to analyze the data and
information. Necessary maps and diagrams will be used whenever appropriate in the
presentation of text. After analyzing the data and information, necessary conclusion and
recommendation will be made.
REFERENCES
CBS, Population of Nepal (Population Census 2001).
Sharma, Prem, quot;A Hand Book of Social Science Research Methodologyquot;, Kshitiz
Prakashan, Kiritpur, Kathmandu.
Sharma, Prem, quot;Format for Writing Project work for the Student of RD (Handout given to
the students).