The document discusses innovation processes and contextual problem solving. It provides details on five stages of innovation: preparation, generation, incubation, evaluation, and implementation. It also discusses factors that influence contextual problem solving like domain, impact, data, urgency, and audience. New market disruption is introduced as creating a new market segment by reaching unserved customers with cheaper versions of products, allowing improvement over time to appeal to other segments and push out incumbents. Characteristics include targeting non-consumption, making profits at lower prices, and providing lower initial performance than incumbents.

1. 1.Innovation Process

2. A Five Stage In Innovation Process
1. Preparation
This involves paying real, detailed attention to what‟s going on in the area of your
business where you want to innovate – what‟s its purpose/who gets something from
it/what, fundamentally, are the outcomes it‟s supposed to yield?
2. Generation
Once you‟ve explored and understood the context in which you are wanting to
innovate, you can start to come up with ideas that deal with the things you‟ve
discovered are really significant in that context.

3. 3. Incubation
Once you‟ve developed some options, sleep on them, or at least go away, do
something else and then come back to them. This will allow your brain to process
them and make better sense of them.
4.Evaluation
Once you‟ve slept on the options you‟ve created, you can evaluate them from a
more objective perspective. A good approach is to use the themes you identified
during preparation. Do these options fulfil the purpose, give everyone what they
need and yield the fundamental outcomes?

4. 5. Implementation
Some might say that this is the most challenging stage of the process – turning,
with the cooperation of colleagues, clients, suppliers and so on, a good idea into
something that works to everyone‟s satisfaction!

5. 2.Animation Aerodynamics Introduction:
 Methods based on aerodynamics are developed to simulate and
control the motion of objects in fluid flows. To simplify the physics
for animation, the problem is broken down into two parts: a fluid flow
regime and an object boundary regime. With this simplification one
can approximate the realistic behavior of objects moving in liquids or
air.

6. VISUALIZATION BENCHMARKING:

7. VISUALIZATION BENCHMARKING:
 Visualization is an interesting topic in benchmarking, as every good
benchmark deserves a graph or two. I use gnu plot exclusively for
graphing and charting, it‟s so much better than doing graphs manually
in Microsoft Excel (which was my old tool of choice). The last hurdle I
continue to struggle with is comparing two benchmark runs.

8. VISUALIZATION USAGE:
 Visualization, also called imagery, cannot only help you reach financial goals,
but helps you reduce stress as well. It is used among healthcare professionals
as an effective stress management tool. Studies have shown that novice
surgeons who received imagery training demonstrated reduced self-reported
stress and decreased objective stress.

9. WHAT IS BENCHMARKING
 Benchmarking is defined as the process of measuring products, services, and
processes against those of organizations known to be leaders in one or more aspects of
their operations. Benchmarking provides necessary insights to help you understand
how your organization compares with similar organizations, even if they are in a
different business or have a different group of customers.

10. What is Creativity ?
 Creativity is the ability to think about a task or a problem in a new or
different way, or the ability to use the imagination to generate new
ideas.
 Creativity enables you to solve complex problems or find interesting
ways to approach tasks. If you are creative, you look at things from a
unique perspective.
3. Creativity and Motivation
What is motivation ?
 Motivation is derived from the word 'motive', which denotes a person's
needs, desires, wants, or urges. It is the process of motivating
individuals to take action in order to achieve a goal.
 The psychological elements fueling people's behavior in the context of
job goals might include a desire for money.

11. Best types of motivation for different activities
 Reward-based motivation.
 Attitude motivation.
 Fear-based motivation.
 Creative motivation.
 Achievement motivation.
 Competence motivation.
 Power motivation.

12. Three type of Creativity
 exploratory
 transformational
 combinational creativity
Exploratory:
 Exploratory research typically seeks to create hypotheses rather than test them.
Data from exploratory studies tends to be qualitative. Examples include brain-
storming sessions, interviews with experts, and posting a short survey to a
social networking website.
Transformational:
 Transformational leaders typically perform four distinct behaviors, also known
as the four I's. These behaviors are inspirational motivation, idealized
influence, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration.

13. Exploratory creativity
 Exploratory creativity is the process of searching an area of conceptual
space governed by certain rules. Transformational creativity is the process of
trans- forming the rules and thus identifying a new sub-space.
 Combinational creativity includes the exploration of unfamiliar
combinations of familiar ideas. For example, the 'Apple Watch' can be
considered as the combination of a 'watch' and a 'mobile phone,' albeit with a
very sophisticated operation system.

14. 4. Contextual problem solving?
 Contextual problems are defined as problems with experientially real
contexts in the Realistic Mathematics Education approach (Gravemeijer
and Doorman 1999). These problems can function as the basis for connecting
informal and formal knowledge of mathematics.

15. Five contextual factors
 Domain you work in;
 Impact on the individual;
 Data used;
 Urgency of the decision; and.
 Audience it is being presented to.

16. Understanding the role of contextual influences
 The relationship between context and intervention is not, of course, unidirectional.
Increasingly, context is seen as having effects so powerful that it may „shape or co-
construct complex interventions and therefore cannot be considered separately from
those interventions.
 Understanding what happens when a particular intervention is joined together
with an individual, team, organisation or health system remains a critical
challenge both for science and for practice and policy.

18. Contextual issues in research
 Contextual research is part of field study methods and used when exploring the
context of usage of a product or service, or the cultural context. It is applied when
users' tasks are involving other people or processes which need to be observed
to fully understand users' needs and goals.
 These include the larger social and cultural context, including socio-economic
conditions, cultural and social norms, gender roles, and household decision-making
processes.

19. 5. New Market Disruption?
 New-market disruption occurs when a company creates a new segment in an
existing market to reach unserved or underserved customers; for example, creating a
cheap version of an expensive product to cater to less wealthy consumers. Because
the incumbent company caters to wealthier customers, it has little to no motivation
to fight your company for this new market segment.
 Over time, the cheaper version of the product can improve in quality and appeal to
other market segments, pushing the more expensive version further toward
obsolescence.

20. Characteristics of New-Market Disruption
 It targets non-consumption. The innovative product‟s target audience couldn't
previously purchase or access this type of product.
 It makes a profit at lower prices per unit sold than the incumbent businesses. This is
essential because, as long as the profit margins are lower than that of incumbents‟
products, they won‟t be motivated to fight the entrant for market share.

It provides lower performance for existing customers but higher performance for
non-customers. This makes the entrant seemingly non-threatening to incumbent
businesses. Existing customers likely won‟t consider switching to the new product
because its quality is lower. Yet, for the market segment that previously hasn‟t had
access to the product, lower quality is acceptable.

21. New-Market Disruption vs. Low-End Disruption
 “Low-end disruption doesn‟t create new markets, you just gain market share against
the old,” Christensen says in Disruptive Strategy. “New-market disruption competes
against the original players by going after new customers that these [companies]
aren't interested in, selling them a simple product.”
 Think of new-market and low-end disruption as two ways to approach the challenge
of driving incumbent businesses upmarket. One pushes incumbents out of the low
end of the existing market, while the other creates a new market segment altogether.

22. EXAMPLES OF NEW-MARKET DISRUPTION
 Personal Computers and Smartphones
 Transistor Radios
 Shared-Mobility Services

23. Thank you