This document summarizes a presentation on mutation in urban mobility. It discusses the transition from designing infrastructure to managing mobility services dynamically. It advocates for more sustainable approaches like compact cities with multifunctional land use and cloud-shaped mobility rather than pendulous commuting. New concepts include mobility as a right of accessibility, proximity over distance, and cross-street use of roads. Information and communication technologies are transforming mobility by moving information instead of physical transportation. Stakeholder behavior must be considered in new demand models using techniques like game theory. A systems approach is needed that applies intelligence to transportation and considers it an integrated socio-technical network.
The document discusses the European Mobile and Mobility Industries Alliance (EMMIA). EMMIA brings together regional and national policy makers to develop more sustainable mobility solutions supported by mobile services. It comprises a Policy Learning Platform and 5 pilot actions focusing on areas like sustainable tourism and access to finance. EMMIA expects to mobilize additional public and private funding of €30 million to support mobile and mobility industries. A total of 31 organizations from 14 countries are core members of the initiative.
JD Stanley, Cisco - A Platform for Urban ServicesShane Mitchell
J.D. Stanley III proposes a Platform for Urban Services (PUS) framework to enable integrated planning, management, and development of urban areas using information and communications technologies. The PUS framework aims to foster economic development, sustainability management, and improved urban planning through citizen engagement. It groups key urban functions like transportation, city management, and groups them to draw on and contribute to the urban experience. The framework uses common systems, processes, and services enabled by broadband infrastructure to design, develop and deliver services to improve sustainability, inclusion, and environmental quality for citizens.
Tony Kim - Smart and Connected Urban Mobility: Concept and Examples in KoreaShane Mitchell
This document discusses smart and connected urban mobility solutions. It describes challenges facing urban transportation systems like increasing populations and traffic. A framework is presented for smart connected urban mobility that includes managing transportation demand, promoting eco-friendly transportation modes, and reducing carbon footprints. An example implementation in Busan, Korea is provided that uses technologies like smart transit centers, bike sharing, electric vehicles, and intelligent traffic monitoring to create a more sustainable transportation system.
CPS Energy, a municipal utility serving San Antonio, hired consulting firms Karta and Motorola to assess its aging wireless and IT systems and develop a mobility strategy. Karta identified CPS's top 10 mobility goals through interviews. Motorola performed a maturity assessment and gap analysis to evaluate CPS's current capabilities and architectural recommendations. This revealed that CPS needed to upgrade its wireless network and create an overall mobility strategy to provide employees reliable access to information from any location. CPS is deploying a new Harmony wireless system and working to converge its communications networks and systems to achieve its long-term vision of enabling mobile access to any needed information.
The document discusses plans to revitalize Cape Town Station as the transportation and activity hub of the city. The vision is to position Cape Town as an inspirational world city through replacing the aging rail fleet, improving public transportation, and making the station a safe, efficient, memorable and culturally diverse space. The revitalization would inject new life into rail access and support Cape Town's growth as a regional economic center through improved connectivity.
Open innovation in the public sector is needed for three main reasons: 1) to address increasing diversity of services and decreasing budgets while reinventing cities, 2) to develop a framework using seven mechanisms, one enabler, and two objectives to foster innovation ecosystems, and 3) to leverage resources for growth rather than regulate, by co-developing with users and communities rather than developing in-house. Urban labs and sharing data can spur unexpected civic apps and results by involving citizens in public transportation.
The document discusses the European Mobile and Mobility Industries Alliance (EMMIA). EMMIA brings together regional and national policy makers to develop more sustainable mobility solutions supported by mobile services. It comprises a Policy Learning Platform and 5 pilot actions focusing on areas like sustainable tourism and access to finance. EMMIA expects to mobilize additional public and private funding of €30 million to support mobile and mobility industries. A total of 31 organizations from 14 countries are core members of the initiative.
JD Stanley, Cisco - A Platform for Urban ServicesShane Mitchell
J.D. Stanley III proposes a Platform for Urban Services (PUS) framework to enable integrated planning, management, and development of urban areas using information and communications technologies. The PUS framework aims to foster economic development, sustainability management, and improved urban planning through citizen engagement. It groups key urban functions like transportation, city management, and groups them to draw on and contribute to the urban experience. The framework uses common systems, processes, and services enabled by broadband infrastructure to design, develop and deliver services to improve sustainability, inclusion, and environmental quality for citizens.
Tony Kim - Smart and Connected Urban Mobility: Concept and Examples in KoreaShane Mitchell
This document discusses smart and connected urban mobility solutions. It describes challenges facing urban transportation systems like increasing populations and traffic. A framework is presented for smart connected urban mobility that includes managing transportation demand, promoting eco-friendly transportation modes, and reducing carbon footprints. An example implementation in Busan, Korea is provided that uses technologies like smart transit centers, bike sharing, electric vehicles, and intelligent traffic monitoring to create a more sustainable transportation system.
CPS Energy, a municipal utility serving San Antonio, hired consulting firms Karta and Motorola to assess its aging wireless and IT systems and develop a mobility strategy. Karta identified CPS's top 10 mobility goals through interviews. Motorola performed a maturity assessment and gap analysis to evaluate CPS's current capabilities and architectural recommendations. This revealed that CPS needed to upgrade its wireless network and create an overall mobility strategy to provide employees reliable access to information from any location. CPS is deploying a new Harmony wireless system and working to converge its communications networks and systems to achieve its long-term vision of enabling mobile access to any needed information.
The document discusses plans to revitalize Cape Town Station as the transportation and activity hub of the city. The vision is to position Cape Town as an inspirational world city through replacing the aging rail fleet, improving public transportation, and making the station a safe, efficient, memorable and culturally diverse space. The revitalization would inject new life into rail access and support Cape Town's growth as a regional economic center through improved connectivity.
Open innovation in the public sector is needed for three main reasons: 1) to address increasing diversity of services and decreasing budgets while reinventing cities, 2) to develop a framework using seven mechanisms, one enabler, and two objectives to foster innovation ecosystems, and 3) to leverage resources for growth rather than regulate, by co-developing with users and communities rather than developing in-house. Urban labs and sharing data can spur unexpected civic apps and results by involving citizens in public transportation.
This document discusses making urban mobility more sustainable through connectivity and sharing. It proposes a framework with three approaches: 1) sharing vehicles, infrastructure, and spaces; 2) using technology to monitor city metrics like pollution and see the impacts of consumption; and 3) lowering barriers to participation and innovation through open access to urban data and flexible, shared infrastructure including sensor networks. The goal is to turn sustainability into a personal experience that is also compatible with mobility and privacy rights.
The document discusses smart urban mobility trends and innovations in Busan, South Korea. It describes (1) shifting from vehicle-oriented to human-oriented spaces and balancing supply and demand. (2) Projects like smart traffic control, eco-transport modes, and smart connected urban mobility to reduce traffic and carbon footprints. (3) The freemium personal life assistant model providing personalized urban services through a smart connected platform to citizens.
This document discusses realizing smart city ecosystems through smart services and smart citizen networks. It describes viewing smart cities from the perspective of an ICT innovation research center and living lab, and catalyzing their impact. Smart citizen networks are discussed in the context of technological trends, community trends, and networked citizen dashboard services that can provide real-time data on energy use, traffic, water management, and more. Indirect business models for smart cities are also addressed.
1. The document outlines Seoul's vision to become a U-City through expanded e-government services, ubiquitous infrastructure, and support for u-work.
2. It discusses the needs and objectives for u-work in Seoul to address issues like carbon emissions, energy imports, and economic changes.
3. The status of Korea's central government support for u-work is presented, including development of smart work centers, green IT policies, and targets to increase telecommuting in the public sector.
1) The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is an ambitious urban development program in India that aims to encourage reforms and fast-track development in identified cities.
2) JNNURM provides Rs. 50,000 crores in funding from the Government of India over 6 years (2006-2012) to be matched by cities and states, for a total planned investment of Rs. 1,50,000 crores.
3) IL&FS IDC Services offers assistance to state and local governments for project identification, structuring, financial closure, and monitoring under JNNURM and related urban development schemes.
Leading cities are using technology to evolve their transport systems from single modes to integrated ones, improve transport services and provide an improved value proposition to customers.
The French Development Agency (AFD) provides over 7 billion euros annually in development financing to over 60 countries. It focuses on promoting growth, reducing poverty and inequalities, and supporting global public goods. The AFD supports around 20 urban transport projects, including BRT, light rail and metro systems. The AFD approach to urban transportation focuses on three levels: developing integrated public transportation options, integrated management of all urban transportation, and coordinated planning of transportation and urban development. The AFD finances examples of projects in Amman, Jordan, Medellin, Colombia, and Curitiba, Brazil and has an office in Istanbul, Turkey that has provided over 1 billion euros in financing since 2004 to Turkish municipalities and private/bank
The document summarizes Phil Tinn's upcoming open-source workshop on smart cities and autonomous vehicles. The workshop will cover topics like vehicle-to-rider interactions for road safety, electric and shared autonomous vehicles, public acceptance of vehicle-to-pedestrian technologies, vehicle-to-goods services, and matching vehicle intelligence to environment complexity. The document also outlines Tinn's vision of moving from car-centric mapping to open-sourced and crowd-sourced solutions using cheaper Lidar technologies.
Urban Transport is at crossroads. Users do not get the level and quality of service that they pay for by direct or indirect means in a fair and equitable way. One road leads to MobilityXS.
This is based on a pathbreaking review of our usage and attitude, environmental constraints and a comprehensive study of enabling technologies. It metamorphoses the public-private transport categories. In turn, users have a wider choice of the travel experience that they co-create and customize to personal preferences. They avail of vastly superior travel experience at a given price point in this model than at present. In a wholesome approach to our needs of a livable society, users can choose to walk or cycle comfortable distances in a friendly environment that is sequestrated of motorized traffic. Fast moving motor vehicles run uninterrupted of slow moving traffic and move much faster than at present with a combination of innovative traffic control measures and in-vehicle navigation sensors in the new system.
Implications of moving towards public transport based citiesTristan Wiggill
1. Public transport in South Africa costs around R30 billion annually, with most funding going to commuter rail and bus services that support spatially inequitable development patterns.
2. While policies aim to use public transport funding to address inequities, there are concerns that priorities still entrench low-density, inefficient spatial forms. Future options include accepting decline, optimizing low densities, or investing in higher densities and values.
3. Investing to enable higher urban densities could maximize both equity and efficiency through "urban economic efficiency" gains. Valuing these benefits could justify shifting priorities towards rail infrastructure to support integrated, high productivity cities. Building consensus around such a future requires evaluating options and collectively deciding on priorities
Daniel Bongardt of GIZ China presented on urban transport financing challenges in China and potential solutions. Key issues include the high costs of expanding urban rail, reliance on land concessions for funding, and lack of dedicated national funding. International experiences show options like co-financing projects, public-private partnerships, and linking transport and urban planning. Workshop participants discussed increasing local funding options, scaling innovative financing, establishing a national urban transport fund, and long-term structural reforms. Recommendations include unifying responsibilities, consistent national policy guidance, and piloting new funding approaches.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Soo Young Lee - Connected and Sustainable Mobility: u-ITSShane Mitchell
This document discusses connected and sustainable urban mobility. It presents various concepts for personal urban mobility vehicles, including scooters, cars, and transportation services. These concepts emphasize electrically-powered, small vehicles suitable for multimodal transport and personal mobility needs. The document contrasts traditional intelligent transportation systems (ITS) focused on long-range transport optimization with ubiquitous-ITS (u-ITS), which aims to provide seamless connectivity and services for all types of transport and mobility including pedestrians. Connected urban mobility would evaluate options for integrated transit and mobile aids to support multimodal connections through infrastructure networks.
Typology of business, social enterprise and social innovation models for incl...iBoP Asia
This document discusses inclusive mobility in Metro Manila and explores business and social enterprise models that can promote inclusive transportation. It begins by defining concepts of inclusive mobility and how mobility needs to work for vulnerable groups. The document then analyzes the current transportation challenges in Metro Manila, particularly for the poor and vulnerable, such as high costs and long travel times. It presents a framework to analyze potential inclusive mobility models based on how they benefit various sectors. Examples of international models that increase access to transportation for rural areas are also provided. The goal is to identify solutions that can be replicated or scaled up to improve mobility for all in Metro Manila.
Commission Européenne, présentations de la Délégation générale Société de l’Information à la délégation d’Aquitains conduite par AEC, 30 janvier 2012: villes vertes intelligentes
This document discusses the benefits of auto rickshaws in urban transportation systems. It argues that auto rickshaws can enhance existing transportation systems by being more nimble and affordable, while also creating jobs and serving the urban poor. The document outlines three key ways that auto rickshaws can positively impact transportation: 1) Connecting the Dots - by being part of a seamless whole system, 2) Moving Money - through innovations in services, technology, and financing, and 3) Moving Minds - by changing perceptions and policies around their role in transportation.
The document outlines a plan to reform and develop the Pearl River Delta region by 2020. It aims to 1) knit together the region's cities and infrastructure, 2) move manufacturing up the value chain into more advanced industries, and 3) develop competitive service hubs to match Hong Kong and Macau. Successful reforms would create a highly interconnected cluster of advanced cities driving growth in South China and beyond in an environmentally sustainable way.
- The document discusses guidelines for smart ticketing for urban mobility but fails to clearly present the benefits of ITS, provide guidance on deployment, or identify best practices.
- It identifies a need to better engage with policymakers and provide real-world examples and use cases to justify recommendations but does not achieve this.
- The response from Logica provides feedback on how to improve the guidelines by focusing more on the policymaker perspective, clearly articulating problems and solutions, and incorporating lessons from successful implementations.
This document discusses making urban mobility more sustainable through connectivity and sharing. It proposes a framework with three approaches: 1) sharing vehicles, infrastructure, and spaces; 2) using technology to monitor city metrics like pollution and see the impacts of consumption; and 3) lowering barriers to participation and innovation through open access to urban data and flexible, shared infrastructure including sensor networks. The goal is to turn sustainability into a personal experience that is also compatible with mobility and privacy rights.
The document discusses smart urban mobility trends and innovations in Busan, South Korea. It describes (1) shifting from vehicle-oriented to human-oriented spaces and balancing supply and demand. (2) Projects like smart traffic control, eco-transport modes, and smart connected urban mobility to reduce traffic and carbon footprints. (3) The freemium personal life assistant model providing personalized urban services through a smart connected platform to citizens.
This document discusses realizing smart city ecosystems through smart services and smart citizen networks. It describes viewing smart cities from the perspective of an ICT innovation research center and living lab, and catalyzing their impact. Smart citizen networks are discussed in the context of technological trends, community trends, and networked citizen dashboard services that can provide real-time data on energy use, traffic, water management, and more. Indirect business models for smart cities are also addressed.
1. The document outlines Seoul's vision to become a U-City through expanded e-government services, ubiquitous infrastructure, and support for u-work.
2. It discusses the needs and objectives for u-work in Seoul to address issues like carbon emissions, energy imports, and economic changes.
3. The status of Korea's central government support for u-work is presented, including development of smart work centers, green IT policies, and targets to increase telecommuting in the public sector.
1) The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is an ambitious urban development program in India that aims to encourage reforms and fast-track development in identified cities.
2) JNNURM provides Rs. 50,000 crores in funding from the Government of India over 6 years (2006-2012) to be matched by cities and states, for a total planned investment of Rs. 1,50,000 crores.
3) IL&FS IDC Services offers assistance to state and local governments for project identification, structuring, financial closure, and monitoring under JNNURM and related urban development schemes.
Leading cities are using technology to evolve their transport systems from single modes to integrated ones, improve transport services and provide an improved value proposition to customers.
The French Development Agency (AFD) provides over 7 billion euros annually in development financing to over 60 countries. It focuses on promoting growth, reducing poverty and inequalities, and supporting global public goods. The AFD supports around 20 urban transport projects, including BRT, light rail and metro systems. The AFD approach to urban transportation focuses on three levels: developing integrated public transportation options, integrated management of all urban transportation, and coordinated planning of transportation and urban development. The AFD finances examples of projects in Amman, Jordan, Medellin, Colombia, and Curitiba, Brazil and has an office in Istanbul, Turkey that has provided over 1 billion euros in financing since 2004 to Turkish municipalities and private/bank
The document summarizes Phil Tinn's upcoming open-source workshop on smart cities and autonomous vehicles. The workshop will cover topics like vehicle-to-rider interactions for road safety, electric and shared autonomous vehicles, public acceptance of vehicle-to-pedestrian technologies, vehicle-to-goods services, and matching vehicle intelligence to environment complexity. The document also outlines Tinn's vision of moving from car-centric mapping to open-sourced and crowd-sourced solutions using cheaper Lidar technologies.
Urban Transport is at crossroads. Users do not get the level and quality of service that they pay for by direct or indirect means in a fair and equitable way. One road leads to MobilityXS.
This is based on a pathbreaking review of our usage and attitude, environmental constraints and a comprehensive study of enabling technologies. It metamorphoses the public-private transport categories. In turn, users have a wider choice of the travel experience that they co-create and customize to personal preferences. They avail of vastly superior travel experience at a given price point in this model than at present. In a wholesome approach to our needs of a livable society, users can choose to walk or cycle comfortable distances in a friendly environment that is sequestrated of motorized traffic. Fast moving motor vehicles run uninterrupted of slow moving traffic and move much faster than at present with a combination of innovative traffic control measures and in-vehicle navigation sensors in the new system.
Implications of moving towards public transport based citiesTristan Wiggill
1. Public transport in South Africa costs around R30 billion annually, with most funding going to commuter rail and bus services that support spatially inequitable development patterns.
2. While policies aim to use public transport funding to address inequities, there are concerns that priorities still entrench low-density, inefficient spatial forms. Future options include accepting decline, optimizing low densities, or investing in higher densities and values.
3. Investing to enable higher urban densities could maximize both equity and efficiency through "urban economic efficiency" gains. Valuing these benefits could justify shifting priorities towards rail infrastructure to support integrated, high productivity cities. Building consensus around such a future requires evaluating options and collectively deciding on priorities
Daniel Bongardt of GIZ China presented on urban transport financing challenges in China and potential solutions. Key issues include the high costs of expanding urban rail, reliance on land concessions for funding, and lack of dedicated national funding. International experiences show options like co-financing projects, public-private partnerships, and linking transport and urban planning. Workshop participants discussed increasing local funding options, scaling innovative financing, establishing a national urban transport fund, and long-term structural reforms. Recommendations include unifying responsibilities, consistent national policy guidance, and piloting new funding approaches.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Soo Young Lee - Connected and Sustainable Mobility: u-ITSShane Mitchell
This document discusses connected and sustainable urban mobility. It presents various concepts for personal urban mobility vehicles, including scooters, cars, and transportation services. These concepts emphasize electrically-powered, small vehicles suitable for multimodal transport and personal mobility needs. The document contrasts traditional intelligent transportation systems (ITS) focused on long-range transport optimization with ubiquitous-ITS (u-ITS), which aims to provide seamless connectivity and services for all types of transport and mobility including pedestrians. Connected urban mobility would evaluate options for integrated transit and mobile aids to support multimodal connections through infrastructure networks.
Typology of business, social enterprise and social innovation models for incl...iBoP Asia
This document discusses inclusive mobility in Metro Manila and explores business and social enterprise models that can promote inclusive transportation. It begins by defining concepts of inclusive mobility and how mobility needs to work for vulnerable groups. The document then analyzes the current transportation challenges in Metro Manila, particularly for the poor and vulnerable, such as high costs and long travel times. It presents a framework to analyze potential inclusive mobility models based on how they benefit various sectors. Examples of international models that increase access to transportation for rural areas are also provided. The goal is to identify solutions that can be replicated or scaled up to improve mobility for all in Metro Manila.
Commission Européenne, présentations de la Délégation générale Société de l’Information à la délégation d’Aquitains conduite par AEC, 30 janvier 2012: villes vertes intelligentes
This document discusses the benefits of auto rickshaws in urban transportation systems. It argues that auto rickshaws can enhance existing transportation systems by being more nimble and affordable, while also creating jobs and serving the urban poor. The document outlines three key ways that auto rickshaws can positively impact transportation: 1) Connecting the Dots - by being part of a seamless whole system, 2) Moving Money - through innovations in services, technology, and financing, and 3) Moving Minds - by changing perceptions and policies around their role in transportation.
The document outlines a plan to reform and develop the Pearl River Delta region by 2020. It aims to 1) knit together the region's cities and infrastructure, 2) move manufacturing up the value chain into more advanced industries, and 3) develop competitive service hubs to match Hong Kong and Macau. Successful reforms would create a highly interconnected cluster of advanced cities driving growth in South China and beyond in an environmentally sustainable way.
- The document discusses guidelines for smart ticketing for urban mobility but fails to clearly present the benefits of ITS, provide guidance on deployment, or identify best practices.
- It identifies a need to better engage with policymakers and provide real-world examples and use cases to justify recommendations but does not achieve this.
- The response from Logica provides feedback on how to improve the guidelines by focusing more on the policymaker perspective, clearly articulating problems and solutions, and incorporating lessons from successful implementations.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
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6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
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A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
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Mutação na mobilidade urbana
1. Máster en Desarrollo Urbano y Territorial
Mutation in Urban Mobility
César Trapote Barreira
14.04.2011
2. Introduction
CENIT
Center for Innovation in Transport (CENIT) . 2001 - 2011: 10 years of innovation
Consortium Technical University of Catalonia (Barcelona Tech) + regional govmnt.
2
4. Towards Smart Urban Mobility
Guidelines to see a clear
picture and to find our way…
towards smart urban mobility
4
www.eltis.org
5. Economic corridors
Sustainable, safe and intelligent urban mobility
– Seamless door-to-door
mobility (regardless of
mode)
– “City” is a generic
concept: common
mobility principles for
European cities
X – Mayors will likely
welcome EU policy on
pricing and regulation
– Best cases: eltis.org
Sustainable development is son of Economy + Ecology
Love or interested marriage ?
Technology may take leaps (non-continuous improvement of quality)
XXIst century will likely be characterized by urban mobility 5
6. Change of paradigm
From designing and constructing infrastructures
to service inception and management (dynamic
processes vs. Static objects)
System analysis including the foreseeable
Infrastructures to
satisfy the stakeholder’s behavior
mobility of
people (+goods) Rational planning with global perspective
Global Local
but with local implementation (subsidiarity) Think Act
Critical mass and catalyzer effects
Functional legislation (continuous variables,
administrations, multimodality, surveillance, etc.)
Supply
Ley 20/1991
Economic logic
Unit cost
Accesibilidad Universal
Demand en el TP, Cataluña
Critical Size 6
size
7. Urban transportation microeconomics
Marginal CAverage
$/km Unit Demand
cost (social)
cost
Demand PV
Average PT
cost
(users) Cmarginal
Tasa
p’
p”
Deficit
p*
Social Current Flow Trips R’ R*
equilibrium equilibrium (veh/h)
flow flow PV must be taxed to internalize the
generated externalities
$/q(TP)
$/q(VP)
PT (transit) should have subsidies to
CMe TP benefit the maximum number of users
CMe VP We all worsen off by improving the PV
PT is an inferior good and needs Q
Conjoint / coupled layout, operations
7
q(TP) q(VP) and pricing
8. Mutation in urban mobility
Old concepts New concepts
Functionalism Sustainability
Diffuse city (urban sprawl) Compact city
Specialization of land uses Multifunctional city
European cities as a
Direct costs of operation Ecological accounting social project of
Pendulous mobility (commuting) Cloud-shaped mobility
Required (household-based) mobility Daily mobility
integration
Transport policy Mobility policy and right to accessibility
Long distance Proximity
Longitudinal use of the street Cross-street use
– Democratization of the street
– Human cities
– Diversity
– Integration
– Systems approach
8
9. European cities for the people
Smart, livable and efficient cities
WALK
TRANSIT
CAR
9
10. The role of ICT in mobility
We move atoms with energy, electrons and photons
“The end of distance”. 10 million
teleworks in 2000
Strategic
Telematics in all TERN in 2000 and
Tactical
in 30 metropolitan areas
Operational
Bangemann Report
“Europe and the global
information society”
(Corfu, 1994):
11. Oops! Forgot the stakeholder behavior
Administration, operators, users, citizens
New demand
models, game
theory, etc.
Multidisciplinary
cross-fertilization
HOV
N-VI CBA?
Madrid
11
12. Re-engineering & systems approach
No epic/bold changes? Re-engineering is radiKal!
• Innovation is doing things “right”
• Intelligence ITS = R+D+i = ?
• Known concepts (functional laws) with “new chemistry” (reactives
+ catalyzers) & boosted with ICT and intelligence
12
13. We need basic research
Sound behavioral models = basic research
• False planning:
• Tracking obsession
• A simple bottleneck:
– Mobility demand
models need to be
reformulated
– Dynamic real time
micro-simulations
reproduce the same
(outdated) philosophy
of 60’s
13
14. The transportation system
ETC.
STAKEHOLDERS
SOCIETY
MOTOR
CONTAINER
CONTROL
WAY
BUSINESS
TECHNOLOGY
ENVIRONMENT ENERGY
CULTURE
14
15. City as a complex service network
Local Car (P&P)
Accessibility
Tram-train P
Bus lane-BRT-HOV
P&R P
P
Car
Car (P&R)
Microbus/shared Global
taxicabs (DRS) Accessibility
15
16. Mode promiscuity & convergence (1)
Eco-
mobility PV Transit The extreme converge
Rail
pedes- bicycle car motor- taxi bus BRT
trian cycle
shared / public
HOV LRT metro commuter
“BiCiNg” carsharing
rail
16
19. Mode adequacy (1)
Non-continuous technological supply
(but continuous demand)
1, 2, 3 lanes…
Play with time
(traffic signals),
multi-purpose
lanes, pricing…
Demand
pedestrian bus
car
plane Functional
parameters to
describe mobility
d, t, v
Gabriel Bouladon (1967) “The transportation gaps”
19
20. Mode adequacy (2)
Temporal coverage (When do you want to travel)
Spatial coverage (Where do you want to travel)
Speed (Fast and reliable)
Temporal
coverage
Private car
Spatial coverage
Bus
Metro
Speed 20
21. Mode adequacy (3)
Status Quo
• Individual transportation (car,
motorcycle):
– When do you want to travel?: Yes
– Where do you want to travel?: Yes
View:
– Is it fast?: Yes
• Public transportation (metro):
• Public transportation (netbus):
– When do you want to travel?: Yes
– When do you want to travel: Yes
– Where do you want to travel?: No
– Where do you want to travel: Yes
– Fast?: Yes
– Is it fast?: Yes
• Public transportation (bus):
– When do you want to travel?: No
– Where do you want to travel: Yes Cheaper, easier and
– Is it fast?: No more convenient
21
22. Mode adequacy (4)
What is the “optimal” transport mode for a given corridor?
14
12
10
Milions d'euros
8
6
4
2
0
1
60
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
Viatgers/dia
Autobús Ferrocarril Vehicle Privat
22
23. Mode adequacy (5)
Competitiveness of urban transportation modes
C inf: Infraestructure cost
Cop: Operation cost
Cu : Users cost
Cext: Cost of externalities
Lines of Z=ct. for each pair of modes Optimal region of operation
Passengers per day
Passengers per day
Tr
Ba
Bc
Headway (min) Headway (min)
Bc: standard bus (80 people), Ba: articulated bus (140 people), Tr: Tramway (220 people)
23
24. The power of density and occupancy
In the beginning of Universe, it was gravity…. (Stephen Hawking)
“In the beginning of mobility, it was density”…. (Francesc Robusté)
24
25. BRTs
“we take you fast… to nowhere”
?
Think as a 2D network! 25
26. NB Netbus (1)
Reinvention and promotion of efficient urban bus services,
competitive with tramways and cars
• Strategic vs.
operational decisions
• Flexibility of buses vs.
rigidity of railways
M R T NB B b
26
27. NB Netbus (2)
Grid (Holroyd, 1965) Radial or hub & spoke (Air tr. 1980’s) Hybrid (Daganzo, 2009)
27
28. NB Netbus (3)
• INFRASTRUCTURAL • TRAVEL TIME:
NB • OPERATIONAL – Bus lane (single, double)
– Bus lane in the median of road
• VEHICLE-ORIENTED – Fluctuations smoothing (L/U,
works, garbage containers,
cleaning vehicles, etc.)
Capacity is interaction supply-
demand and depends on • STOP TIME:
behavior and management
– Multiple platform
– Platform on sidewalk
– Ticketing
• JOINT OPTIMIZATION:
– Stop spacing
– Pairing control
– Reliability
– Entries coordination in corridors
– TSP, transit signal priority 28
35. Taxicabs (1)
Understanding the taxi business and its role in UM
8000
Costes sociales
Supply of the proposed
7000
measure
Current supply
6000
Optimal supply
5000
+Emisiones
Number of taxis
+Congestión 4000
- Nivel de vida
3000
2000
Número óptimo Número de taxis 1000
0
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5
hourly zones of a day
₋ Fleet management
₋ Radio-taxi
₋ Intelligent taxi stops
₋ Licenses (vehicles) vs. drivers (turns)
₋ Scheduling and supply/demand matching
35
36. Taxicabs (2)
Distribution of taxicab demand, revenues and supply according to hours
INGRESSOS SEGONS FRANJA HORÀRIA
FEINER
35
DISSABTE
€
30 DIUMENGE
25
20
15
10
5
0 HORA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Profitability: taxi business?
Return On Equity adapted to taxi owners (“reasonable business profit”)
The asset is the taxi license (market value?)
Indicator 2007 2009
Income per hour 19.42 € 17.65 €
Number of services per hour 2.19 services 1.88 services
CSI = 5.9 Average service time 13.65 min 12.56 min
36
37. Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (1)
Multi-purpose lanes and VMS
8-10 am traffic
10 am – 5 pm L/U
5-9 pm traffic
9 pm-8 am parking
SMILE project under ELTIS
(www.eltis.org): reversible Lights
multiuse street lanes
Zone Access Control
system in center 37
38. Urban freight distribution (DUMB) (2)
Timing L/U
operations
– sticker
“clock”
W orkdays
9 to 20 h
Except
authorised
Un/loading
30 min max.
38
40. City planning
Multipolar and “self-
containing” City Planning
Mobility Law, 2003
Decree of Generated Mobility, 2006
Integration: a social project
-Chamfered corners
Ildefons Cerdà -5-6 stories high (Pral)
-Garden inside
“Network -Shops at street level “The city of the future…”
Urbanism” -Sidewalks to enjoy city
Is the Mediterranean city!
“General Theory of Urbanization”, 1867
Barcelona “broadening” Eixample, 1859 40
41. Supply (pull) vs demand (push) models
City planning perspective : OK but link to
land value
“Tiro por la culata”
“Do the homework”
Pitis
Chemical reaction: catalyzers, critical
masses, humidity, temperature, reactive
quality, etc.
41
44. Sustainability
Diffuse emissions and health problems
Energy consumption, energy type and emissions
Energy policy
Energy pricing
Fleet renewal (RENOVE plan): de pre-Euro a Euro-V
Eco-mobility
Electric and hybrid vehicles
Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (PMUS - IDAE) CORINAIR,
European
Environmental agency
44
45. Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans
PMUS: more than recipes, just an enthusiastic description of cases
Public transport interchanges
Parking regulation and pricing
Road pricing
Traffic restricted areas
Boosting bicycles and walking
More quality in public transport
Flexible supply to fit demand
Logistic platforms for loading and unloading
Tele-working
Carsharing centers
Etc.
45
46. Towards a KPI of Urban Mobility
Objective: give a city a “grade” about mobility and follow it
Attributes (some measured):
• Unit social cost of overcoming a distance ($/pax-km)
− Mobility behavior patterns
− Land use patterns and city planning issues
• Space distribution Policy objectives?
• Time distribution Measure attributes
• Modal split
Decide some weights
• Safety
• Reliability Aggregate Mobility Indicator
• Sustainability (similar to CSI in transit)
• (Energy)
• (Emissions)
• (ICT technology)
• Social equity: income, gender, MRP (universal accessibility)
• Perception (weights from local surveys) 46
47. Future of Urban Transport (Europe)
European Parliament, 2010 (under publication)
Most of the innovation in urban mobility will come
from the re-engineering of old concepts with the
help of ICT: success or failure of implementation
will depend on a package of „soft‟ management
measures that involve understanding stakeholder
behavior and managing the system in an
integrated, efficient and dynamic (real-time) way,
rather than on „hard‟ physical infrastructure or
new vehicles. New energy sources for vehicles are
tactical changes; however, the physical or functional
aspects of overcoming a certain distance at a
certain speed will remain.
47
48. 2050 scenario in Europe
• IN • OUT
− Pedestrians − Segways
− Bicycles, eBicycles, eBikes − Kickbicycles, tricycles
− Buses, netbus, proximity bus − Motorcycles with 3 wheels
− Metros and commuter rails − Lean cars
− eCars, eFreight distribution − PRT, AGT, monorails
− Carpool and shared vehicles − Trolley buses
− Managed lanes, VVI, IVI − Paratransit with microbuses
− Pricing and fare integration − AMW moving walkways
− Planning, land price, legislation, − Freight in tramways / metros
governance… − Speed
− Elderly, handicapped & MRP
− Urban safety 48
49. Barcelona model (1)
“Barcelona model” of mobility (2006):
Safety
Sustainability
Social equity
Efficiency
Agreement (deal) and social consensus
Metropolitan mobility perspective
49
50. Barcelona model (2)
•Social integration: “Gaixample” (Gay Eixample)
•Network thinking: use the grid and kill the diagonals
•Recuperate public space taking it from cars: broadening
of sidewalks, reduce number of lanes (after public works), etc.
•More squares, boulevards & meeting points for people
•Each decade a “mission” or huge project: Olympics
1992, Forum of cultures 2004, 22@ 2010, Sagrera 2020 50
51. Barcelona model (3)
• Promote PT: metro (L9+L10, expansions of the others),
tramways, buses (RetBus, conventional, microbuses)
• Promote bicycles (BiCiNg) and walking
• Quality city planning elements
• Public logistics platforms
• Innovation: multi-purpose lanes, carsharing, etc.
• Parking (on-street & off-street) regulation and pricing
• Do not segregate but integrate: down with viaducts
(Ronda del Mig), infra-dimensioned arterials (Ronda Litoral)
• Surface and air space of the street belongs to people
• Mixed land uses (down with zoning like Brasilia)
Good building designers do not necessarily make good cities 51
52. Int’l: Bicycle-sharing
City Area Population
Stations Bicycles Performance
(Km2) (million)
Barcelona 101 1.6 401 6,000 Good service
London 1,572 7.6 315 5,000 Low coverage
To be
San Francisco 121 0.8 50 1000 implemented
It’s just the
Washington 177 5.2 10 120 beginning
Good coverage.
Montreal 365 1.6 400 5,000 Weather? 52
54. Int’l: Combo
Smartcard
iBUS -
mBUS
Congestion Charge in London
54
55. Vision and leadership
R+D+i
PROPHET POET
COACH THERAPIST
Source: Mikel Murga, MIT, who
adapted it from a presentation
by Marc J. Roberts Time
Harvard School of Public Health
55
57. Conclusions
• “Package of soft management measures” in urban
transportation (enhanced by ITS) as opposed to single hard
physical infrastructures of “technology driven innovations”
• Re-engineering of current mobility services
• Think in 2D networks instead of corridors or 1D services
• Focus on the people and stakeholders behavior
• Promiscuity and convergence of urban mobility modes
• Emissions will improve but urban safety and congestion will
remain
• Need “functional” laws and governance in mobility
• Democratize street public space
57