11. Its many sources of
influence have
produced such varied
styles and genres as
the following
12. Some types of African Music
Afrob
eat
Apal
a
Axe
Jive Jit Kwassa
Kwassa
Juju Marabi
13. A term used to describe
the fusion of West
African with black
American music.
Afrobeat
14.
15. A musical genre from Nigeria in
the Yoruba tribal style to wake up
the worshippers after fasting
during the Muslim holy feast of
Ramadan. Percussion
instrumentation includes the rattle
(sekere), thumb piano (agidigbo),
bell (agogo), and two or three
t
A
alk
p
in
a
g
l
d
a
rums.
16.
17. A popular musical genre
from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
It fuses the Afro-Caribbean
styles of the marcha, reggae,
and calypso.
Axe
18.
19. A hard and fast percussive
Zimbabwean dance music
played on drums with guitar
accompaniment, influenced
by Mbira-based guitar styles.
Jit
20. A popular form of South
African music featuring a
lively and uninhibited
variation of the jitterbug, a
form of swing dance
Jive
21. is a popular music style from
Nigeria that relies on the
traditional Yoruba rhythms, where
the instruments in Juju are more
Western in origin. A drum kit,
keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and
accordion are used along with the
traditional dun-dun (talking drum
o
J
r
u
sq
j
u
u
eeze drum).
22. A dance style begun in Zairein the
late 1980’s, popularized by Kanda
Bongo Man. In this dance style, the
hips move back and forth while the
arms move following the hips.
Kwassa Kwassa
23. A South African three-chord
township music of the 1930s-1960s
which evolved into African Jazz.
Possessing a keyboard style
combining American jazz, ragtime
and blues with African roots
Marabi
35. Idiophones
musical instruments which produce
sound by themselves are classified.
Striking, plucking, scrapping,
shaking, beating, clashing or by
rubbing.
36. BalaT
fo
he
n -balafon is a West
African xylophone. It is a pitched
percussion instrument with bars
made from logs or bamboo.
38. Rattles
Rattles are made of seashells, basketry,
animal hoofs, horn, and wood, metal
bells, cocoons, palm kernels, or tortoise
shells. These rattling vessels may range
from single to several objects that are
either joined or suspended in such a way
as they hit each other
40. agogo
• The agogo is a single bell or
multiple bells that had its
origins in traditional Yoruba
music and also in the samba
baterias (percussion)
ensembles.
41. agogo
The agogo may be called “the oldest
samba instrument based on West
African Yoruba single or double
bells.” It has the highest pitch of any
of the bateria instruments
43. Atingting
kon
These are slit gongs used to
communicate between villages. They
were carved out of wood to resemble
ancestors and had a “slit opening”at
the bottom.
44. Atingting
kon
In certain cases, their sound could carry for
miles through the forest and even across
water to neighboring islands.Aseries of gong
“languages” were composed of beats and
pauses, making it possible to send highly
specific messages
45.
46. Slit drums
The slit drum is a hollow percussion
instrument. Although known as a
drum, it is not a true drum but is an
idiophone. It is usually carved or
constructed from bamboo or wood
into a box with one or more slits in
the top
48. Djembe
The WestAfrican djembe (pronounced
zhem-bay) is one of the best-knownAfrican
drums is. It is shaped like a large goblet and
played with bare hands. The body is carved
from a hollowed trunk and is covered in
goat skin.
49. Djembe
These drums are played using hands or
sticks or both; and sometimes have
rattling metal and jingles attached to the
outside or seeds and beads placed inside
the drum. They are sometimes held
under the armpit or with a sling.
53. Rasp
Arasp, or scraper, is a hand
percussion instrument whose sound is
produced by scraping the notches on
a piece of wood (sometimes
elaborately carved) with a stick,
creating a series of rattling effects
58. Body percussion
the body also serves as a drum
as people clap their hands, slap
their thighs, pound their upper
arms or chests, or shuffle their
feet.
59. Talkingdrum
The talking drum is used to send
messages to announce births,
deaths, marriages, sporting
events, dances, initiation, or
war.
60. Talkingdrum
Sometimes it may also contain
gossip or jokes. It is believed that
the drums can carry direct messages
to the spirits after the death of a
loved one
62. One of the most popularAfrican
percussion instruments is the
Lamellaphone, which is a set of
plucked tongues or keys
mounted on a sound board
63. It is known by different names
according to the regions such as
mbira, karimba, kisaanj, and
likembe.
64. Mbira
(hand piano or thumb piano) -
The thumb piano or finger
xylophone is of African origin
and is used throughout the
continent.
65. Mbira
It consists of a wooden board with
attached staggered metal tines (a series of
wooden, metal, or rattan tongues), plus
an additional resonator to increase its
volume. It is played by holding the
instrument in the hands and plucking the
tines with the thumbs, producing a soft
plucked sound
PLAY2
67. Musical bow
The musical bow is the ancestor of all string
instruments. It is the oldest and one of the
most widely-used string instruments of
Africa. It consists of a single string attached
to each end of a curved stick, similar to a
bow and arrow. The string is either plucked
or struck with another stick, producing a
percussive yet delicate sound
69. Lute
The lute, originating from theArabic states, is shaped
like the modern guitar and played in similar fashion.
It has a resonating body, a neck, and one or more
strings which stretch across the length of its body and
neck. The player tunes the strings by tightening or
loosening the pegs at the top of the lute’s neck. West
African plucked lutes include the konting, khalam,
and the nkoni.
70. The kora is Africa's most sophisticated harp,
while also having features similar to a lute. Its
body is made from a gourd or calabash. A
support for the bridge is set across the opening
and covered with a skin that is held in place with
studs. The leather rings around the neck are used
to
Kto
ig
r
h
a
ten the 21 strings that give the instrument
a range of over three octaves
72. Zither
The zither is a stringed instrument with
varying sizes and shapes whose strings
are stretched along its body.Among the
types ofAfrican zither is the raft or
Inanga zither from Burundi, the tubular
or Valiha zither from Malagasy, and the
harp or Mvet zither from Cameroon.
74. Zeze
The zeze is anAfrican fiddle played
with a bow, a small wooden stick, or
plucked with the fingers. It has one or
two strings, made of steel or bicycle
brake wire.
77. Flutes are widely used throughout
Africa and either vertical or side-blown.
They are usually fashioned from a
single tube closed at one end and blown
like a bottle
Flutes
81. Trumpets
African trumpets are made of wood, metal,
animal horns, elephant tusks, and gourds
with skins from snakes, zebras, leopards,
crocodiles and animal hide as ornaments to
the instrument
