The document defines a musical instrument as a device specifically constructed to make music, with categories based on sound production mechanisms including string, percussion, wind, and brass instruments. It provides examples of each category, detailing their construction and how sound is produced, such as the piano's use of hammers striking strings or the trumpet's valves for pitch variation. Overall, it highlights the diversity and functionality of musical instruments in creating a range of sounds.

1. What is a musical Instrument?
What is a musical Instrument?
 A
A musical instrument
musical instrument is a device constructed
is a device constructed
or modified for the purpose of making music.
or modified for the purpose of making music.
In principle, anything that produces sound
In principle, anything that produces sound
can serve as a musical instrument. The term
can serve as a musical instrument. The term
"musical instrument", however, is generally
"musical instrument", however, is generally
reserved for items that have a specific musical
reserved for items that have a specific musical
purpose.
purpose.

2. Types of Musical Instruments
Types of Musical Instruments
These categories are based on the
These categories are based on the
mechanism by which the instrument
mechanism by which the instrument
makes its sound.
makes its sound.
String Instruments
String Instruments
Percussion Instruments
Percussion Instruments
Wind Instrumets
Wind Instrumets
Brass Intrumets
Brass Intrumets

3. String Instruments
String Instruments
Their sound is made by a vibrating string.
Their sound is made by a vibrating string.
Strings can be made of metal, synthetic
Strings can be made of metal, synthetic
or natural materials. The strings can
or natural materials. The strings can
have different gauge or thickness,
have different gauge or thickness,
weight, length and tension.
weight, length and tension.

4. Pictures of Some String
Pictures of Some String
Instruments
Instruments

5. Piano
Piano
 The
The piano
piano is a musical instrument played by
is a musical instrument played by
means of a keyboard that produces sound by
means of a keyboard that produces sound by
striking steel strings with felt hammers that
striking steel strings with felt hammers that
immediately rebound allowing the strings to
immediately rebound allowing the strings to
continue vibrating at their resonant
continue vibrating at their resonant
frequency. These vibrations are transmitted
frequency. These vibrations are transmitted
through a bridge to a soundboard that
through a bridge to a soundboard that
amplifies them.
amplifies them.

6. Guitar
Guitar
The
The guitar
guitar is a musical instrument with
is a musical instrument with
ancient roots that is used in a wide
ancient roots that is used in a wide
variety of musical styles. It typically has
variety of musical styles. It typically has
six strings, but four, seven, eight, ten,
six strings, but four, seven, eight, ten,
and twelve string guitars also exist.
and twelve string guitars also exist.

7. Violin
Violin

The
The violin
violin is a bowed string instrument
is a bowed string instrument
with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.
with four strings tuned in perfect fifths.
It is the smallest and highest-pitched
It is the smallest and highest-pitched
member of the violin family of string
member of the violin family of string
instruments.
instruments.

8. Other Members of the violin family
Other Members of the violin family
 Cello
Cello
 Viola
Viola
 Bass
Bass

9. Harp
Harp
The
The harp
harp is not like any other member of
is not like any other member of
the string family. It has about 45 strings
the string family. It has about 45 strings
stretched across its tall triangular frame.
stretched across its tall triangular frame.
The strings are plucked by hand while
The strings are plucked by hand while
seven pedals at the bottom of the harp
seven pedals at the bottom of the harp
adjust the length of the strings to
adjust the length of the strings to
produce additional notes.
produce additional notes.

10. Percussion Instruments
Percussion Instruments
With a name that means, "the hitting of
With a name that means, "the hitting of
one body against another," instruments
one body against another," instruments
in the
in the percussion family
percussion family are played by
are played by
being struck, shaken, or scraped. In the
being struck, shaken, or scraped. In the
orchestra, the percussion section
orchestra, the percussion section
provides a variety of rhythms, textures
provides a variety of rhythms, textures
and tone colors.
and tone colors.

11. Pictures of Some Percussion
Pictures of Some Percussion
Instruments
Instruments

12. Triangle
Triangle
The
The triangle
triangle is made from a small
is made from a small
round steel tube, and is played by
round steel tube, and is played by
striking it with a steel beater. Its bright
striking it with a steel beater. Its bright
shimmering sound is untuned and
shimmering sound is untuned and
resembles that of a bell.
resembles that of a bell.

13. Chimes
Chimes
Chimes
Chimes are a tuned instrument
are a tuned instrument
consisting of a set of 12 to 18 metal
consisting of a set of 12 to 18 metal
tubes hung from a metal frame. The
tubes hung from a metal frame. The
chimes, or tubular bells, are struck with
chimes, or tubular bells, are struck with
a mallet and sound like church bells
a mallet and sound like church bells
when played. The longer the length of
when played. The longer the length of
tube that is struck, the lower the pitch
tube that is struck, the lower the pitch
that is created.
that is created.

14. Xylophone
Xylophone
The
The xylophone
xylophone is a tuned instrument
is a tuned instrument
made of hardwood bars in graduated
made of hardwood bars in graduated
lengths set horizontally on a metal
lengths set horizontally on a metal
frame. Striking the bars with hard
frame. Striking the bars with hard
mallets produces a bright, sharp sound.
mallets produces a bright, sharp sound.
The xylophone was originally modeled
The xylophone was originally modeled
after an African instrument and its
after an African instrument and its
name is Greek, meaning "wood sound".
name is Greek, meaning "wood sound".

15. Tambourine
Tambourine
 The
The tambourine
tambourine is a shallow, handheld drum
is a shallow, handheld drum
made of a circular wooden frame with a
made of a circular wooden frame with a
calfskin or plastic drumhead stretched across
calfskin or plastic drumhead stretched across
the top. The tambourine has small discs
the top. The tambourine has small discs
called jingles set into its circular frame which
called jingles set into its circular frame which
produce sound when the tambourine is
produce sound when the tambourine is
shaken, rubbed, or struck on the drum head
shaken, rubbed, or struck on the drum head
with the knuckles.
with the knuckles.

16. Bass Drum
Bass Drum
The bass drum is much larger than a
The bass drum is much larger than a
snare drum and is played on its side, so
snare drum and is played on its side, so
that either head may be struck. The
that either head may be struck. The
beater or mallet for a bass drum is large
beater or mallet for a bass drum is large
with a soft material such as sheep's
with a soft material such as sheep's
wool covering the end.
wool covering the end.

17. Cymbals
Cymbals
 Cymbals
Cymbals are made from two large, slightly
are made from two large, slightly
concave brass plates, are fitted with leather
concave brass plates, are fitted with leather
hand straps and are shaped so that when
hand straps and are shaped so that when
they are crashed together, only the edges
they are crashed together, only the edges
touch. Although cymbals are untuned
touch. Although cymbals are untuned
instruments, different sized cymbals produce
instruments, different sized cymbals produce
a wide range of sound effects.
a wide range of sound effects.

18. Wind Instruments
Wind Instruments
The three branches of the
The three branches of the woodwind
woodwind
family
family have different sources of sound.
have different sources of sound.
Vibrations begin when air is blown
Vibrations begin when air is blown
across the top of an instrument, across
across the top of an instrument, across
a single reed, or across two reeds.
a single reed, or across two reeds.

19. Pictures of Some Wind Intruments
Pictures of Some Wind Intruments

20. Piccolo
Piccolo
The
The piccolo
piccolo is exactly like the flute
is exactly like the flute
except that it is much smaller and is
except that it is much smaller and is
usually made of silver or wood. The
usually made of silver or wood. The
pitch of the piccolo is higher than that
pitch of the piccolo is higher than that
of a flute.
of a flute.

21. Oboe
Oboe
The
The oboe
oboe is similar to the clarinet in
is similar to the clarinet in
many ways. Both are made from wood
many ways. Both are made from wood
and have metal keys that can produce
and have metal keys that can produce
many notes rapidly. It has two reeds tied
many notes rapidly. It has two reeds tied
together. By placing them between one's
together. By placing them between one's
lips and blowing air through them, the
lips and blowing air through them, the
reeds vibrate and produce a sound.
reeds vibrate and produce a sound.

22. Saxophone
Saxophone
Conically shaped, the
Conically shaped, the saxophone
saxophone is the
is the
only woodwind instrument made of
only woodwind instrument made of
brass. Although it is found only
brass. Although it is found only
occasionally in the symphony orchestra,
occasionally in the symphony orchestra,
it is considered a member of the
it is considered a member of the
woodwind family because it has a single
woodwind family because it has a single
reed like the clarinet.
reed like the clarinet.

23. Flute
Flute
The
The flute
flute is now made from silver or
is now made from silver or
gold and is about 2 feet in length. It
gold and is about 2 feet in length. It
looks like a narrow tube with a row of
looks like a narrow tube with a row of
holes covered by keys along one side.
holes covered by keys along one side.
The player blows air across the small
The player blows air across the small
hole in the mouthpiece to produce a
hole in the mouthpiece to produce a
sound that can be either soft and
sound that can be either soft and
mellow or high and piercing.
mellow or high and piercing.

24. Brass Instruments
Brass Instruments
Brass Family
Brass Family instruments produce their
instruments produce their
unique sound by the player buzzing
unique sound by the player buzzing
his/her lips while blowing air through a
his/her lips while blowing air through a
cup- or funnel-shaped mouthpiece. To
cup- or funnel-shaped mouthpiece. To
produce higher or lower pitches, the
produce higher or lower pitches, the
player adjusts the opening between
player adjusts the opening between
his/her lips. The mouthpiece connects
his/her lips. The mouthpiece connects
to a length of brass tubing ending in a
to a length of brass tubing ending in a
bell.
bell.

25. Pictures of some Brass
Pictures of some Brass
Instruments
Instruments

26. Tuba
Tuba
The
The tuba
tuba is the lowest sounding
is the lowest sounding
member of the brass family. The tuba
member of the brass family. The tuba
has four to five valves and is held
has four to five valves and is held
upright in the player’s lap.
upright in the player’s lap.

27. Trombone
Trombone
The
The trombone
trombone is larger than that of a
is larger than that of a
trumpet, and gives the instrument a
trumpet, and gives the instrument a
more mellow sound. Instead of valves,
more mellow sound. Instead of valves,
the trombone has a slide which changes
the trombone has a slide which changes
the length of its approximately 9 feet of
the length of its approximately 9 feet of
tubing to reach different pitches.
tubing to reach different pitches.

28. Trumpet
Trumpet
The
The trumpet
trumpet is the highest sounding
is the highest sounding
member of the brass family. The player
member of the brass family. The player
presses the three valves in various
presses the three valves in various
combinations with the fingers of the
combinations with the fingers of the
right hand to obtain various pitches
right hand to obtain various pitches

29. Thank You
Thank You