Andrew Goodwin's music video theory outlines several elements that are commonly seen in music videos. These include: 1) A relationship between the lyrics and visuals where the themes, scenes, and events of the video match the song's message. 2) A relationship between the music and visuals where cuts and edits sync with the rhythm and beats. 3) Demonstration of genre characteristics through expected features. 4) Reference to notions of the male gaze and treatment of the female body. 5) Demands from record labels to showcase the artist through close-ups. 6) Intertextual references to other media. The Michael Jackson "Billie Jean" video reflects these elements through quick cuts that align with the song's

1. ANDREW GOOWIN’S MUSIC
VIDEO THEORY
1. Relationship between the lyrics and the visuals- themes, mise-en-scene and event of
the video match with the lyrics of the song, to help to portray the message of the song
2. Relationship between the music and the visuals- the cut and edits of the video are in
sync with the rhythm and beat of the song, matching cuts or effects to specific drum
beats
3. Music videos demonstrate genre characteristics- certain features are expected out of a
video depending on the genre. For example, stage performance in metal videos, dance
routine for boy/girl band
4. There is frequently reference to the notion of looking and particularly voyeuristic
treatment of the female body and the male gaze.
5. The demands of the record label will include the need for lots of close-ups of the artist
and the artist may develop motifs which recur across their work. For example, a visual
style which sell the artist
6. There is often intertextual reference- where they reference other forms of media such
as films, TV and other music videos

2. MICHAEL JACKSON- BILLIE
JEAN
The quick tempo of the song is reflected in
Michael Jackson’s dancing throughout the video
The music video cuts on the beat, which again
aligns to the pop genre
The signature dance moves of Michael Jackson
are shown by close up shots, which are
recognisable for the audience, and would work
as a selling point, particularly for MJ fans
The lyrics of the song link to the images in the
video- the song is about a stalker who MJ had
apparently got pregnant, therefore in the video,
MJ walking away and the camera following him is
symbolic of him trying to escape the stalker
The images also relate to the music as
MJ is dancing, which represents the pop
genre
There is no reference to the voyeuristic element of Goodwin’s
theory as there is no women involved in the video. However,
with reference to a woman throughout the song, and the title
of a female’s name, perhaps a slight voyeuristic element is
hinted
Michael Jackson looks directly into the camera whilst dancing
which “takes down the 4th wall” between him and the
audience. This engages the audience and fully invests them
into the video and makes us feel as though he is singing to us
MJ’s classic clothing style is shown through the
use of close ups, which recurs throughout his
work
The dark background highlights the somewhat
cynical background story to the song. The darkness
also illuminates the singer so the audience are
drawn to himThe images also relate to the lyrics as we see the
cameraman almost catching MJ in the act with the
stalker

3. MILEY CYRUS-
WRECKING BALL
Miley’s intentions of this video was to break
away from her previous ‘Disney star’ persona
which was innocent and directed towards
children. However her new persona is more
explicit now that she’s older- she is trying to
promote a new image as an artist
She’s represented as confident and highly
sexualised, riding a wrecking ball portrays her as
powerful
The lyrics of the song have emotional
and sad connotations, therefore close up
shots of Miley show her to be
emotionally hurt and sad, but still
though, as she breaks things to get out
her pain
The walls falling down and Miley
hitting things are matched to the
beats of the music
On the softer parts we see Miley
crying against the white
backdrop- this creates a
relationship between the music
and the visuals
The song is about a broken heart and a broken relationship, and
this is shown in the destruction of the walls. Furthermore, her being
naked shows that she is striped to her raw emotions
There is a relationship between the lyrics and visuals as we see
her licking the sledgehammer, which shows she is embracing the
pain
Licking of the hammer focuses on a sexually explicit intimate
moment. The use of the high angle close up brings us closer to
the action
The lack of clothing on the artist brings in an extreme
voyeuristic element to the music video. The audience feel as
though they shouldn't’t be watching it, yet the enjoy it
References to Sinead O’Conners ‘nothing compared to
you’ video, in terms of framing, and O’Conner’ delevering
the song straight to the camera with tears of emotion and a
close up sho