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MUSIC 8UNIT I
Christian Moises Carlos
Disiplina Village-Bignay National High School
Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium
is sound and silence.
WHAT IS MUSIC
Music is a vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in
such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and
expression of emotion.
Music is the written or printed signs representing vocal or
instrumental sound.
Sound is a form of energy. It is
caused by the vibration of an
object.
What is Sound and how is it produced?
Music is a sound, or series of
sounds, that you find
pleasurable.
When does Sound become MUSIC?
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
VOCAL
MUSIC
• a type of music performed by one
or more singers, with or without
instrumental accompaniment (a
cappella), in which singing
provides the main focus of the
piece.
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
a cappella
• Music without any non-
vocal instrumental
accompaniment
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
lyrics • Vocal music
typically features
sung words
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Song • A short piece of
vocal music with
lyrics
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC
• An instrumental is a musical
composition or recording
without lyrics, or singing,
although it might include
some inarticulate vocal
input.
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC • The instrumental music is
primarily or exclusively
produced by musical
instruments
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
What is the difference between VOCAL
and INSTRUMENTAL music?
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
What is the difference
between VOCAL and
INSTRUMENTAL
music?
• Vocal music is coming
from the voice while
instrumental music is
coming from the
instrument
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Classifications
of Voice
• Soprano – is the highest
singing voice type
• Mezzo-soprano – is the
middlerange voice type for
females
• Contralto – is the lowest female
voice (a.k.a. alto)
Female Voice
Type
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Classifications
of Voice • Tenor – is the highest male
voice
• Baritone – is the middle-range
voice type for males
• Bass – is the lowest male voice
Male Voice
Type
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• is a system of musical
instrument classification
• is devised by Erich Moritz
von Hornbostel and Curt
Sachs
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• Idiophones
• Membranophones
• Chordophones
• Aerophones
• ElectrophonesClassification
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs • produce a sound by the vibration
of the actual instrument itself
• These instruments can be strucked,
rubbed, shaken or plucked.
• belongs to the percussion familyIdiophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Idiophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Idiophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• produce sound when a
stretched skin (membrane)
vibrates
• Different materials can be used
to make membranophones,
including wood, metal, or
ceramics.
Membranophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Membranophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Membranophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• is part of the string instrument
family. produces sound by the
vibrating of strings
• To make the sounds: pluck,
bow or strike the strings. This
is done by a pick, bow or the
musician’s hand.
Chordophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Chordophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Chordophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Chordophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• produces its sound by the
vibration of air (wind
instrument)
• The two main families that are
aerophones are woodwind and
brass instruments.
Aerophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
• Most woodwinds use the air
and reeds to vibrate. Brass use
air and the player’s lips to
vibrate. Some keyboard
instruments also use air as the
source of vibration and can be
considered aerophones.
Aerophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Aerophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Aerophones
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Electrophones
• is the newest category of instruments
• They have only been around since the
20th century.
• Electrophones produce an electronic
sound.
• The two main families of electrophones
are electronic instruments and
amplified acoustical instruments.
Vocal Music & Instrumental Music
Form of Music
Hornbostel -
Sachs
Electrophones
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
• is one of the beautiful countries in
Southeast Asia. It is also known as
Kâmpŭchéa. It was the center of the
Khmer (Cambodian) kingdom of
Angkor, a great empire that dominated
Southeast Asia for 600 years. Their
music gained a worldwide reputation in
the 1960s until the dramatic political
problems in Cambodia.
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
• is highly influenced by
ancient forms as well as
Hindu formsArt music
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
• is roughly similar to
that of Java, Indonesia.
i.e choruses with large
orchestras based on
struck keys and gongs.
Cambodian
court music
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
• a Cambodian musical ensemble or an
orchestra that usually accompanies
ceremonial music of the royal courts and
temples. Music is always part of their
court dances, masked plays, shadow plays,
and religious ceremonies. This group is
similar to the Piphat ensemble of Thailand
and usually consists of nine or ten
instruments.
Pinpeat
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
Pinpeat
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
Pinpeat
• If you have access to the internet, visit
www.youtube.com and type in the link below
to watch video clips of Pin peat. If in case you
don’t have internet access, ask your teacher
to lend you a copy of the Pinpeat ensemble
performances taken from the website. After
watching, answer the questions found on the
next page. Write your answers in your activity
notebook.
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
Pinpeat
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Cambodia
Pinpeat
Activity 1:Music of Colombia
• You can also visit the following web pages for additional
reference:
http://www.istov.de/htmls/cambodia/cambodia_start.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_music
http://www.keosambathmusic.com/index.htm
Activity 1:Music of Colombia
• QUESTIONS:
1. In 3-5 sentences, describe how the Pinpeat musicians
play their instruments.
2. How many instrument players were needed to form
the Pinpeat?
3. Are their instruments made of wood or metal?
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
• It is an archipelago in Southeast Asia comprising
approximately 17,500 islands. With over 238
million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth
most populous country and is the fourth biggest
nation of the world. Through interaction with
other culture such as Indian, Arabic, Chinese and
European, a wide range of musical style has been
developed. Today the contemporary music of
Indonesia is popular not only in the region but
also in the neighboring countries.
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia • Slendro – five (5)
equidistant tones in
octave
• Peloq – Heptatonic (7
tone) scale with semi tone
two basic
kinds of
Indonesian
music scale:
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia Both vocal and instrumental music in
Indonesia use slendro and peloq scales.
• Polyphonic stratification kind of melody
is a result of hocket/Interlock.
• Interlocking is common technique used
in gong ensembles
two basic
kinds of
Indonesian
music scale:
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
• is an Indonesian
term for tempo
Irama
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
• used as ornamentation
of the Gamelan. It is as
important as gamelan.Vocal
music
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
1. Pesindhen is a female
soloist singer who sings
with a Gamelan
2. Gerong refers to the
unison male chorus that
sings with the gamelan
Vocal
music
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
The Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the
most popular form of music in Indonesia.
There are many types of Gamelan but the
famous Javanese and Balinese Gamelan
are the most famous. It contains a variety
of instruments such as metallophones,
xylophones, kendang and gongs; bamboo
flutes, bowed and plucked strings.
Gamelan
The vocal and instrumental music of
Southeast Asian countries
Indonesia
Gamelan
Activity 2:Music of Indonesia
Activity 2:Music of Indonesia
• QUESTIONS: Activity notebook
1. In 3-5 sentences, describe how the Javanese and
Balinese musicians play their instruments.
2. How many instrument players were needed to form
each ensemble?
3. Are their instruments made of wood or metal?

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Music 8

  • 1. MUSIC 8UNIT I Christian Moises Carlos Disiplina Village-Bignay National High School
  • 2. Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound and silence. WHAT IS MUSIC Music is a vocal or instrumental sounds (or both) combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony, and expression of emotion. Music is the written or printed signs representing vocal or instrumental sound.
  • 3. Sound is a form of energy. It is caused by the vibration of an object. What is Sound and how is it produced?
  • 4. Music is a sound, or series of sounds, that you find pleasurable. When does Sound become MUSIC?
  • 5. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music VOCAL MUSIC • a type of music performed by one or more singers, with or without instrumental accompaniment (a cappella), in which singing provides the main focus of the piece.
  • 6. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music a cappella • Music without any non- vocal instrumental accompaniment
  • 7. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music lyrics • Vocal music typically features sung words
  • 8. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Song • A short piece of vocal music with lyrics
  • 9. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC • An instrumental is a musical composition or recording without lyrics, or singing, although it might include some inarticulate vocal input.
  • 10. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC • The instrumental music is primarily or exclusively produced by musical instruments
  • 11. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music What is the difference between VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL music?
  • 12. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music What is the difference between VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL music? • Vocal music is coming from the voice while instrumental music is coming from the instrument
  • 13. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Classifications of Voice • Soprano – is the highest singing voice type • Mezzo-soprano – is the middlerange voice type for females • Contralto – is the lowest female voice (a.k.a. alto) Female Voice Type
  • 14. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Classifications of Voice • Tenor – is the highest male voice • Baritone – is the middle-range voice type for males • Bass – is the lowest male voice Male Voice Type
  • 15. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs • is a system of musical instrument classification • is devised by Erich Moritz von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs
  • 16. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs • Idiophones • Membranophones • Chordophones • Aerophones • ElectrophonesClassification
  • 17. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs • produce a sound by the vibration of the actual instrument itself • These instruments can be strucked, rubbed, shaken or plucked. • belongs to the percussion familyIdiophones
  • 18. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Idiophones
  • 19. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Idiophones
  • 20. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs • produce sound when a stretched skin (membrane) vibrates • Different materials can be used to make membranophones, including wood, metal, or ceramics. Membranophones
  • 21. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Membranophones
  • 22. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Membranophones
  • 23. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs • is part of the string instrument family. produces sound by the vibrating of strings • To make the sounds: pluck, bow or strike the strings. This is done by a pick, bow or the musician’s hand. Chordophones
  • 24. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Chordophones
  • 25. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Chordophones
  • 26. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Chordophones
  • 27. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs • produces its sound by the vibration of air (wind instrument) • The two main families that are aerophones are woodwind and brass instruments. Aerophones
  • 28. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs • Most woodwinds use the air and reeds to vibrate. Brass use air and the player’s lips to vibrate. Some keyboard instruments also use air as the source of vibration and can be considered aerophones. Aerophones
  • 29. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Aerophones
  • 30. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Aerophones
  • 31. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Electrophones • is the newest category of instruments • They have only been around since the 20th century. • Electrophones produce an electronic sound. • The two main families of electrophones are electronic instruments and amplified acoustical instruments.
  • 32. Vocal Music & Instrumental Music Form of Music Hornbostel - Sachs Electrophones
  • 33. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Cambodia • is one of the beautiful countries in Southeast Asia. It is also known as Kâmpŭchéa. It was the center of the Khmer (Cambodian) kingdom of Angkor, a great empire that dominated Southeast Asia for 600 years. Their music gained a worldwide reputation in the 1960s until the dramatic political problems in Cambodia.
  • 34. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Cambodia • is highly influenced by ancient forms as well as Hindu formsArt music
  • 35. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Cambodia • is roughly similar to that of Java, Indonesia. i.e choruses with large orchestras based on struck keys and gongs. Cambodian court music
  • 36. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Cambodia • a Cambodian musical ensemble or an orchestra that usually accompanies ceremonial music of the royal courts and temples. Music is always part of their court dances, masked plays, shadow plays, and religious ceremonies. This group is similar to the Piphat ensemble of Thailand and usually consists of nine or ten instruments. Pinpeat
  • 37. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Cambodia Pinpeat
  • 38. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Cambodia Pinpeat • If you have access to the internet, visit www.youtube.com and type in the link below to watch video clips of Pin peat. If in case you don’t have internet access, ask your teacher to lend you a copy of the Pinpeat ensemble performances taken from the website. After watching, answer the questions found on the next page. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
  • 39. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Cambodia Pinpeat
  • 40. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Cambodia Pinpeat
  • 41. Activity 1:Music of Colombia • You can also visit the following web pages for additional reference: http://www.istov.de/htmls/cambodia/cambodia_start.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodian_music http://www.keosambathmusic.com/index.htm
  • 42. Activity 1:Music of Colombia • QUESTIONS: 1. In 3-5 sentences, describe how the Pinpeat musicians play their instruments. 2. How many instrument players were needed to form the Pinpeat? 3. Are their instruments made of wood or metal?
  • 43. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Indonesia • It is an archipelago in Southeast Asia comprising approximately 17,500 islands. With over 238 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country and is the fourth biggest nation of the world. Through interaction with other culture such as Indian, Arabic, Chinese and European, a wide range of musical style has been developed. Today the contemporary music of Indonesia is popular not only in the region but also in the neighboring countries.
  • 44. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Indonesia • Slendro – five (5) equidistant tones in octave • Peloq – Heptatonic (7 tone) scale with semi tone two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale:
  • 45. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Indonesia Both vocal and instrumental music in Indonesia use slendro and peloq scales. • Polyphonic stratification kind of melody is a result of hocket/Interlock. • Interlocking is common technique used in gong ensembles two basic kinds of Indonesian music scale:
  • 46. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Indonesia • is an Indonesian term for tempo Irama
  • 47. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Indonesia • used as ornamentation of the Gamelan. It is as important as gamelan.Vocal music
  • 48. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Indonesia 1. Pesindhen is a female soloist singer who sings with a Gamelan 2. Gerong refers to the unison male chorus that sings with the gamelan Vocal music
  • 49. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Indonesia The Gamelan or Gamelan orchestra is the most popular form of music in Indonesia. There are many types of Gamelan but the famous Javanese and Balinese Gamelan are the most famous. It contains a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, kendang and gongs; bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings. Gamelan
  • 50. The vocal and instrumental music of Southeast Asian countries Indonesia Gamelan
  • 51. Activity 2:Music of Indonesia
  • 52. Activity 2:Music of Indonesia • QUESTIONS: Activity notebook 1. In 3-5 sentences, describe how the Javanese and Balinese musicians play their instruments. 2. How many instrument players were needed to form each ensemble? 3. Are their instruments made of wood or metal?