I researched the environmental impact that Spotify has and made recommendations on how they can reduce the current impact they have. The recommendations range from what they can do right away and some they will take years to happen.
Music revenues are declining for more than ten years. But we are not listening less music. Digital revolution, piracy, streaming and mostly customers behaviors are affecting heavily the monetization of the entire industry. Define a new business model is key to grow.
Lesson Slides for G322b Institutions & Audiences - The Music Industry
Slide background image taken from: http://evolver.fm/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/youtube_music_service_google.png
Lyrics, music, recordings and production - Jack Mason
Mixed and mastered by Latin Grammy winner - Ale Gaiotto
Video production - Berto Ortiz, Patricia Lobo, Patty S, Jack Mason
all rights reserved:
Jack Mason Live LLC
Jackmasonlive.com
I researched the environmental impact that Spotify has and made recommendations on how they can reduce the current impact they have. The recommendations range from what they can do right away and some they will take years to happen.
Music revenues are declining for more than ten years. But we are not listening less music. Digital revolution, piracy, streaming and mostly customers behaviors are affecting heavily the monetization of the entire industry. Define a new business model is key to grow.
Lesson Slides for G322b Institutions & Audiences - The Music Industry
Slide background image taken from: http://evolver.fm/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/youtube_music_service_google.png
Lyrics, music, recordings and production - Jack Mason
Mixed and mastered by Latin Grammy winner - Ale Gaiotto
Video production - Berto Ortiz, Patricia Lobo, Patty S, Jack Mason
all rights reserved:
Jack Mason Live LLC
Jackmasonlive.com
In this slide deck, I summarize and discuss the history of Spotify as told by the researchers and authors behind the book "Spotify Teardown: Inside the Black Box of Streaming Music" by Maria Eriksson, Rasmus Fleischer, Anna Johansson, Pelle Snickars and Patrick Vonderau (published by MIT Press).
Competitor analysis of Music Streaming ServicesTiffany Sam
As a personal winter break project, this deck is a compilation of various trends I have identified in the music streaming space both locally and globally with special attention paid to the rising competition between Apple Music and Spotify.
Sony husic Entertainment and theEvolution of the Music Indu.docxwhitneyleman54422
Sony h/usic Entertainment and the
Evolution of the Music Industry
A. J. Strickland
The Ilniversitg of Alabama
Andrew Pharaoh
2015 Undergraduate,
The Universitg of Alabama
d d A t such a pivotal time for music, it's more
ffi imRortant than ever to develop a fertile,d \ creative environment that generates the
highest quality of artists and music, while seeking to
fully exploit the many opportunities that new digital
services and products provide in reaching audiences
around the world."r
The remarks of Sony Music Entertainment CEO
Doug Morris in 2011 illustrated an accurate under-
standing of the environment of music sales. Morris,
a globally influential executive and music innovator,
agreed to join Sony Music Entertainment as chief
executive officer effective July 1, 201l. In a time of
great change in the music marketplace, it was abso-
lutely necessary that Sony take active steps to remain
competitive. Morris took the job graciously, but he
placed himself into a business whose margins were
becoming thinner and thinner. With a declining
industry that had been made less lucrative by the
wide availability of substitutes, Morris was forced to
develop a strategy to contend with industry change
and unfavorable competitive forces in 2014.
F"$$ST#ffiV #ffi S#NY f'1U$$*
ffiNTKreT&!Iq P--$ffiNY
American Record Company, the company that would
laterbecome Sony Music Entertainment, was founded
in 1929 and then acquired by Columbia Broadcasting
Company in 1938. In March 1968, Sony, at that rime
Seth Kennedg
2014 Llndergraduate,
The Universitg of Alabama
a Japanese company, began a joint venture with the
American company CBS to form CBS/Sony Records
Inc. In September 1976, Sony introduced the optical
digital audio disc, now known as the compact disc
(CD). In 1983, CBS Inc., as an American company,
allowed introduction of the CD to American markets.
In January 1988, CBS Records Inc. was absorbed,
and in January 1991, the new company was renamed
Sony Music Entertainment Inc.
In August 2004, Sony BMG Music Entertain-
ment was established as a new joint venture with Ber-
telsmann AG. Later, in August 2008, Sony acquired
BMG's 50 percent stake in Sony Music Entertain-
ment and began operation once again as Sony Music
Entertainment, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony
Corporation. In July 2012, Sony/AIV Music Publish-
ing, a joint venture between Sony and the Michael
Jackson Family Trust, along with a consortium of
other investment firms, bought the publishing arm of
the EMI Group, which solidified Sony's position as
the world's largest music publisher.
#VffiRV!HW ffiT THffi ML,}$$T
il N,EM M$TruV
Before the 1900s, music and entertainment media had
a strong emphasis on performance. If theater, magic,
or music was wanted in a certain venue, individuals
Copyright O 2014 by A. J. Strickland. All rights reserved.
who could perform the arl personally were found and
paid to do so. At the beginning of the 20th century,
music began to become ownership-driven. .
In this slide deck, I summarize and discuss the history of Spotify as told by the researchers and authors behind the book "Spotify Teardown: Inside the Black Box of Streaming Music" by Maria Eriksson, Rasmus Fleischer, Anna Johansson, Pelle Snickars and Patrick Vonderau (published by MIT Press).
Competitor analysis of Music Streaming ServicesTiffany Sam
As a personal winter break project, this deck is a compilation of various trends I have identified in the music streaming space both locally and globally with special attention paid to the rising competition between Apple Music and Spotify.
Sony husic Entertainment and theEvolution of the Music Indu.docxwhitneyleman54422
Sony h/usic Entertainment and the
Evolution of the Music Industry
A. J. Strickland
The Ilniversitg of Alabama
Andrew Pharaoh
2015 Undergraduate,
The Universitg of Alabama
d d A t such a pivotal time for music, it's more
ffi imRortant than ever to develop a fertile,d \ creative environment that generates the
highest quality of artists and music, while seeking to
fully exploit the many opportunities that new digital
services and products provide in reaching audiences
around the world."r
The remarks of Sony Music Entertainment CEO
Doug Morris in 2011 illustrated an accurate under-
standing of the environment of music sales. Morris,
a globally influential executive and music innovator,
agreed to join Sony Music Entertainment as chief
executive officer effective July 1, 201l. In a time of
great change in the music marketplace, it was abso-
lutely necessary that Sony take active steps to remain
competitive. Morris took the job graciously, but he
placed himself into a business whose margins were
becoming thinner and thinner. With a declining
industry that had been made less lucrative by the
wide availability of substitutes, Morris was forced to
develop a strategy to contend with industry change
and unfavorable competitive forces in 2014.
F"$$ST#ffiV #ffi S#NY f'1U$$*
ffiNTKreT&!Iq P--$ffiNY
American Record Company, the company that would
laterbecome Sony Music Entertainment, was founded
in 1929 and then acquired by Columbia Broadcasting
Company in 1938. In March 1968, Sony, at that rime
Seth Kennedg
2014 Llndergraduate,
The Universitg of Alabama
a Japanese company, began a joint venture with the
American company CBS to form CBS/Sony Records
Inc. In September 1976, Sony introduced the optical
digital audio disc, now known as the compact disc
(CD). In 1983, CBS Inc., as an American company,
allowed introduction of the CD to American markets.
In January 1988, CBS Records Inc. was absorbed,
and in January 1991, the new company was renamed
Sony Music Entertainment Inc.
In August 2004, Sony BMG Music Entertain-
ment was established as a new joint venture with Ber-
telsmann AG. Later, in August 2008, Sony acquired
BMG's 50 percent stake in Sony Music Entertain-
ment and began operation once again as Sony Music
Entertainment, a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony
Corporation. In July 2012, Sony/AIV Music Publish-
ing, a joint venture between Sony and the Michael
Jackson Family Trust, along with a consortium of
other investment firms, bought the publishing arm of
the EMI Group, which solidified Sony's position as
the world's largest music publisher.
#VffiRV!HW ffiT THffi ML,}$$T
il N,EM M$TruV
Before the 1900s, music and entertainment media had
a strong emphasis on performance. If theater, magic,
or music was wanted in a certain venue, individuals
Copyright O 2014 by A. J. Strickland. All rights reserved.
who could perform the arl personally were found and
paid to do so. At the beginning of the 20th century,
music began to become ownership-driven. .
In this presentation, Danny Leibrandt explains the impact of AI on SEO and what Google has been doing about it. Learn how to take your SEO game to the next level and win over Google with his new strategy anyone can use. Get actionable steps to rank your name, your business, and your clients on Google - the right way.
Key Takeaways:
1. Real content is king
2. Find ways to show EEAT
3. Repurpose across all platforms
Mastering Local SEO for Service Businesses in the AI Era is tailored specifically for local service providers like plumbers, dentists, and others seeking to dominate their local search landscape. This session delves into leveraging AI advancements to enhance your online visibility and search rankings through the Content Factory model, designed for creating high-impact, SEO-driven content. Discover the Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy, a cost-effective approach to boost your local SEO efforts and attract more customers with minimal investment. Gain practical insights on optimizing your online presence to meet the specific needs of local service seekers, ensuring your business not only appears but stands out in local searches. This concise, action-oriented workshop is your roadmap to navigating the complexities of digital marketing in the AI age, driving more leads, conversions, and ultimately, success for your local service business.
Key Takeaways:
Embrace AI for Local SEO: Learn to harness the power of AI technologies to optimize your website and content for local search. Understand the pivotal role AI plays in analyzing search trends and consumer behavior, enabling you to tailor your SEO strategies to meet the specific demands of your target local audience. Leverage the Content Factory Model: Discover the step-by-step process of creating SEO-optimized content at scale. This approach ensures a steady stream of high-quality content that engages local customers and boosts your search rankings. Get an action guide on implementing this model, complete with templates and scheduling strategies to maintain a consistent online presence. Maximize ROI with Dollar-a-Day Advertising: Dive into the cost-effective Dollar-a-Day advertising strategy that amplifies your visibility in local searches without breaking the bank. Learn how to strategically allocate your budget across platforms to target potential local customers effectively. The session includes an action guide on setting up, monitoring, and optimizing your ad campaigns to ensure maximum impact with minimal investment.
Most small businesses struggle to see marketing results. In this session, we will eliminate any confusion about what to do next, solving your marketing problems so your business can thrive. You’ll learn how to create a foundational marketing OS (operating system) based on neuroscience and backed by real-world results. You’ll be taught how to develop deep customer connections, and how to have your CRM dynamically segment and sell at any stage in the customer’s journey. By the end of the session, you’ll remove confusion and chaos and replace it with clarity and confidence for long-term marketing success.
Key Takeaways:
• Uncover the power of a foundational marketing system that dynamically communicates with prospects and customers on autopilot.
• Harness neuroscience and Tribal Alignment to transform your communication strategies, turning potential clients into fans and those fans into loyal customers.
• Discover the art of automated segmentation, pinpointing your most lucrative customers and identifying the optimal moments for successful conversions.
• Streamline your business with a content production plan that eliminates guesswork, wasted time, and money.
AI-Powered Personalization: Principles, Use Cases, and Its Impact on CROVWO
In today’s era of AI, personalization is more than just a trend—it’s a fundamental strategy that unlocks numerous opportunities.
When done effectively, personalization builds trust, loyalty, and satisfaction among your users—key factors for business success. However, relying solely on AI capabilities isn’t enough. You need to anchor your approach in solid principles, understand your users’ context, and master the art of persuasion.
Join us as Sarjak Patel and Naitry Saggu from 3rd Eye Consulting unveil a transformative framework. This approach seamlessly integrates your unique context, consumer insights, and conversion goals, paving the way for unparalleled success in personalization.
A.I. (artificial intelligence) platforms are popping up all the time, and many of them can and should be used to help grow your brand, increase your sales and decrease your marketing costs.In this presentation:We will review some of the best AI platforms that are available for you to use.We will interact with some of the platforms in real-time, so attendees can see how they work.We will also look at some current brands that are using AI to help them create marketing messages, saving them time and money in the process. Lastly, we will discuss the pros and cons of using AI in marketing & branding and have a lively conversation that includes comments from the audience.
Key Takeaways:
Attendees will learn about LLM platforms, like ChatGPT, and how they work, with preset examples and real time interactions with the platform. Attendees will learn about other AI platforms that are creating graphic design elements at the push of a button...pre-set examples and real-time interactions.Attendees will discuss the pros & cons of AI in marketing + branding and share their perspectives with one another. Attendees will learn about the cost savings and the time savings associated with using AI, should they choose to.
Monthly Social Media News Update May 2024Andy Lambert
TL;DR. These are the three themes that stood out to us over the course of last month.
1️⃣ Social media is becoming increasingly significant for brand discovery. Marketers are now understanding the impact of social and budgets are shifting accordingly.
2️⃣ Instagram’s new algorithm and latest guidance will help us maintain organic growth. Instagram continues to evolve, but Reels remains the most crucial tool for growth.
3️⃣ Collaboration will help us unlock growth. Who we work with will define how fast we grow. Meta continues to evolve their Creator Marketplace and now TikTok are beginning to push ‘collabs’ more too.
10 Video Ideas Any Business Can Make RIGHT NOW!
You'll never draw a blank again on what kind of video to make for your business. Go beyond the basic categories and truly reimagine a brand new advanced way to brainstorm video content creation. During this masterclass you'll be challenged to think creatively and outside of the box and view your videos through lenses you may have never thought of previously. It's guaranteed that you'll leave with more than 10 video ideas, but I like to under-promise and over-deliver. Don't miss this session.
Key Takeaways:
How to use the Video Matrix
How to use additional "Lenses"
Where to source original video ideas
The digital marketing industry is changing faster than ever and those who don’t adapt with the times are losing market share. Where should marketers be focusing their efforts? What strategies are the experts seeing get the best results? Get up-to-speed with the latest industry insights, trends and predictions for the future in this panel discussion with some leading digital marketing experts.
Come learn how YOU can Animate and Illuminate the World with Generative AI's Explosive Power. Come sit in the driver's seat and learn to harness this great technology.
Search Engine Marketing - Competitor and Keyword researchETMARK ACADEMY
Over 2 Trillion searches are made per day in Google search, which means there are more than 2 Trillion visits happening across the websites of the world wide web.
People search various questions, phrases or words. But some words and phrases are searched
more often than others.
For example, the words, ‘running shoes’ are searched more often than ‘best road running
shoes for men’
These words or phrases which people use to search on Google are called Keywords.
Some keywords are searched more often than others. Number of times a keyword is searched
for in a month is called keyword volume.
Some keywords have more relevant results than others. For the phrase “running shoes” we
get more than 80M relevant results, whereas for “best road running shoes for men” we get
only 8.
The former keyword ‘running shoes’ has way more competition from popular websites to
new and small blogs, whereas the latter keyword doesn’t have that much competition. This
search competition for a keyword is called search difficulty of a keyword or keyword
difficulty.
In other words, if the keyword difficulty is ‘low’ or ‘easy’, there won’t be any competition
and if you target such keywords on your site, you can easily rank on the front page of Google.
Some keywords are searched for, just to know or to learn some information about something,
that’s their search intention. For example, “What shoe size should I choose?” or “How to pick
the right shoe size?”
These keywords which are searched just to know about stuff are called informational
keywords. Typically people who are searching this type of keywords are top of a Conversion
funnel.
Conversion funnel is the journey that search visitors go through on their way to an email
subscription or a premium subscription to the services you offer or a purchase of products
you sell or recommend using your referral link.
For some buyers, research is the most important part when they have to buy a product.
Depending on that, their journey either widens or narrows down. These types of buyers are
Researchers and they spend more time with informational keywords.
Conversion is the action you want from your search visitors. Number of conversions that you
get for every 100 search visitors is called Conversion rate.
People who are at different stages of a conversion funnel use different types of keywords.
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Top 3 Ways to Align Sales and Marketing Teams for Rapid GrowthDemandbase
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Vladimir Mulhem has over 20 years of experience in commercialising cutting edge creative technology across construction, marketing and retail.
Previously the founder and Tech and Innovation Director of Creative Content Works working with the likes of Next, John Lewis and JD Sport, he now helps retailers, brands and agencies solve challenges of applying the emerging technologies 3D, AR, VR and Gen AI to real-world problems.
In this webinar, Vladimir will be covering the following topics:
Applications of 3D and AR in Digital Commerce,
Benefits of 3D and AR,
Tools to create, manage and publish 3D and AR in Digital Commerce.
Financial curveballs sent many American families reeling in 2023. Household budgets were squeezed by rising interest rates, surging prices on everyday goods, and a stagnating housing market. Consumers were feeling strapped. That sentiment, however, appears to be waning. The question is, to what extent?
To take the pulse of consumers’ feelings about their financial well-being ahead of a highly anticipated election, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey. The survey highlights consumers’ hopes and anxieties as we move into 2024. Let's unpack the key findings to gain insights about where we stand.
For too many years marketing and sales have operated in silos...while in some forward thinking companies, the two organizations work together to drive new opportunity development and revenue. This session will explore the lessons learned in that beautiful dance that can occur when marketing and sales work together...to drive new opportunity development, account expansion and customer satisfaction.
No, this is not a conversation about MQLs and SQLs. Instead we will focus on a framework that allows the two organizations to drive company success together.
Marketing as a Primary Revenue Driver - Lee Levitt
Muniz_Britteny_EBM_Assign2.pdf
1. EBM Assignment 2: Trends, PEST Analysis
Britteny Muniz
Entertainment Business Models-Online
Instructor: Carol Wonsavage
September 12, 2021
2. Why did I choose the music industry?
Music has helped me since I was a kid and it still does as an adult, so that is why I wanted
to focus on the industry for this assignment. I don’t drink or smoke to help me relax when I am
stressed, so I had to find another outlet to help me, and I found out that music helps me. I listen
to a variety of music that ranges from pop to heavy metal, so I know what genre helps me
depending on my mood. I was born in 1990, so I got to experience the changes in the industry
from owning CD’s, owning an MP3 player, and using music streaming services.
Pre-digital music industry
Music was distributed through physical forms including CD, vinyl records, and cassettes.
CDs were among the most popular forms when it was introduced in 1980 and over 200 million
CDs were sold by 2007 (BBC, 2019). CDs were more popular than vinyl records since vinyl
record were fragile and could scratch easily. Since 2008, the sales have started to decrease and in
2020, only 31.6 million CDs have sold (Richter, 2018). For ways to promote music, some of the
most popular ways were radio, word of mouth, and magazine ads. Billboard magazine started to
publish a chart in 1956 that showed the top 100 albums, which also promoted the albums at the
time (Peacock, 2021). Word of mouth was the best way to promote bands that did not have the
money for ads and did not have their music played on the radio. For anticipated songs, the radio
stations would announce the day and time the song would be premiering on that station.
Two companies
• SONY Music Entertainment: Sony Music started out as American Record Corporation
in 1929 and was acquired by Colombia Broadcasting System in 1938. CBS was bought
3. for $200 billion by Sony in 1987 (Sony Music Entertainment, 2020). The recording
company was named Sony Music Entertainment in 1991. Sony Music Entertainment is
still a dominate force in 2021 with artists liked Travis Scott, Adele, and Pharrell
Williams. The company has also acquired other labels such as AWAL which is a record
label in the UK, though the CMA has raised concerns about the purchase. The purchase
raises concerns over competition between labels. There is evidence saying that the two
companies would have competed strongly with each if the deal did not go through (ICT
Monitor Worldwide, 2021).
• Universal Music Group: Universal Music Group started in 1962 when MCA Inc., which
is known as Universal Pictures now, merged with American Deeca. In 1990, the company
was sold to Japan’s Matsushita Electric for $6.59 billion (Universal Music Group, 2020).
MCA was renamed as Universal Music Group in 1996. UMG is still a dominated force in
the music industry with artists like ABBA, Kanye West, and Lady Gaga. The have
ventures in other countries like China where they have a multi-year license agreement
with Tencent Music Entertainment Group, which is the leading music platform there.
With the extension of the agreement, TME will continue to distribute music from UMG
on their platform and music will be added to karaoke machines (PR Newswire, 2020).
PEST Analysis
Political
• Music Modernization Act: Before this act was signed, any records made before February
15, 1972, were not covered by federal copyright and had to rely on state copyright which
provided a small level of copyright protection (Ladas Parry LLP, 2019). The act created
4. the Mechanical Licensing Collective, which will help with timely and efficient payment
to songwriters from digital streaming services like Spotify. This also allows legacy
artists (pre-1972), record producers, and engineers who originally could not collect
royalties to now collect royalties.
• Protecting Lawful Streaming Act of 2020: This act increases penalties who willfully
stream copyrighted material for commercial advantage or financial gain. Before this was
signed, illegal streaming was a misdemeanor, but not could be raised to a felony
(Protecting Lawful Streaming Act of 2020, n.d.).
Economic
• COVID-19-: When the lockdowns first started to happen last year because of the
pandemic, music streaming decreased. It decreased by 12.5% when the World Health
Organization declared lockdowns in March 2020 (University, 2021). Streaming using
services like YouTube increased compared to services like Spotify since many could
not leave their homes and could focus on streaming services that require more
concentration.
• Streaming services: With the introduction of high-speed internet which allowed video
and music to be streamed more easily introduced services like Pandora and Spotify.
Pandora launched in 2000 and Spotify launched in 2008 and these are two of the most
popular music streaming services. Pandora currently has more monthly users at 238
million (Pandora - monthly active users 2018 | Statistic, 2021), compared to Spotify
who has 165 million (Statista, 2021).
5. Social
• Millennials: The age of millennials range from 25-40, so they grew up with the changing
landscape in the music industry. They saw when listening to CDs was the dominate way
to listen before their sales started to decrease in 2008, to when music streaming service
started in 2000.
• Money conscious: The minimum wage around the US has not changed and continues to
stay at $7.25 which makes many Americans focus on where their money is going. 78% of
US workers work paycheck to paycheck, so this requires many to budget of where every
cent goes (Friedman, 2019). Music streaming on average is $8 a month or they will have
a variety of options such as a family bundle to help its users to save money.
Technological
• iPod: The first iPod was released in 2001 and allowed users to add the music from
their computers to the iPod so they could listen wherever they wanted. Apple
launched their music store, iTunes, the same year and allowed users to buy songs for
$0.99 instead of buying whole albums. Even though most users have a smartphone,
Apple still does make the iPod touch since it is simple for kids to use.
• Spotify and Pandora: Spotify and Pandora are two of the top music streaming services
and allows users to pay for a subscription and listen to any artist that is on the service.
This was a change from iTunes were users had to pay for individual songs, where
these services give them access to all songs for one price. Spotify and Pandora also
have free accounts, but users will have to deal with ads. The services can be accessed
on smartphones, game consoles, and smart TVs.
6. Conclusion
I discovered that the music industry has changed quickly especially over the last 12 years.
Physical forms such as records and CDs were important since it allowed music to be recorded
and played in various places such as homes and car, but you had to switch them out when you
wanted to listen to a different artist or just one song. It could get expensive to buy physical
copies of albums and sadly could break easily. Streaming services has allowed people to listen to
music wherever they are and allows millennials and Gen Z to save money and not produce waste
from CDs and records. Users can now listen to music on their phones, computers, and game
consoles. Laws have also changed since streaming has become the main way of listening to
music and one allows old artists to gain royalties from music dated before 1972 and another law
could make illegal streaming of copyrighted material a more serious crime. The music industry is
a fast-moving industry and will continue to be in the future.
References
BBC. (2019, March 12). History of the CD: 40 Years of the Compact Disc - CBBC Newsround.
Bbc.co.uk. https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/47441962
Friedman, Z. (2019, January 11). 78% Of Workers Live Paycheck To Paycheck. Forbes.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2019/01/11/live-paycheck-to-paycheck-
government-shutdown/?sh=5304ad664f10
7. ICT Monitor Worldwide. (2021, September 8). ICT Monitor Worldwide Sony’s purchase of
AWAL raises competition concerns. NexusUni. https://advance-lexis-
com.oclc.fullsail.edu/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=3d6f8a37-53a7-4992-8181-
71194329e688&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fnews%2Furn%3AcontentIt
em%3A63K4-5921-JDJN-63NM-00000-
00&pdcontentcomponentid=417299&pdteaserkey=sr7&pditab=allpods&ecomp=nzvnk&
earg=sr7&prid=f1a90469-404d-4f59-9c87-454f94549564
Ladas Parry LLP. (2019, September 10). The Music Modernization Act: A Primer For Copyright
Holders. NexisUni. https://advance-lexis-
com.oclc.fullsail.edu/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=cb983175-01f0-4e12-ae68-
39d4c2c7f7df&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fnews%2Furn%3AcontentIt
em%3A5X1C-5061-JCMN-Y1C1-00000-
00&pdcontentcomponentid=299488&pdteaserkey=sr1&pditab=allpods&ecomp=nzvnk&
earg=sr1&prid=b73e3b35-4499-4e89-b31f-06e95fa0e4b8
Pandora - monthly active users 2018 | Statistic. (2021, February). Statista; Statista.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/787687/mau-pandora/
Peacock, T. (2018, October 18). Cover Stars: A History Of Music Magazines | uDiscover.
UDiscover Music. https://www.udiscovermusic.com/stories/music-magazines-cover-
stars/
PR Newswire. (2020, August 10). Tencent Music Entertainment Group and Universal Music
Group Agree to Multi-Year Licensing Agreement Extension and Establishment of New
Joint Venture Music Label in China. NexusUni. https://advance-lexis-
com.oclc.fullsail.edu/document/?pdmfid=1516831&crid=2e66039a-9096-4658-a10f-
6fb46eb57682&pddocfullpath=%2Fshared%2Fdocument%2Fnews%2Furn%3AcontentIt
em%3A60JN-XDM1-JB72-13XT-00000-
00&pdcontentcomponentid=8054&pdteaserkey=sr3&pditab=allpods&ecomp=nzvnk&ea
rg=sr3&prid=0bfeb2b3-9198-462d-bd0d-f08baee182b2
8. Protecting Lawful Streaming Act of 2020. (n.d.). Www.uspto.gov. Retrieved September 12,
2021, from https://www.uspto.gov/ip-policy/enforcement-policy/protecting-lawful-
streaming-act-2020
Richter, F. (2021, May 5). Infographic: The Rise and Fall of the Compact Disc. Statista
Infographics; Statista. https://www.statista.com/chart/12950/cd-sales-in-the-us/
Sony Music Entertainment. (2020, May 14). Music Business Worldwide.
https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/companies/sony/sony-music-group/sony-
music-entertainment/
Statista. (2021, July). Spotify users - subscribers in 2018 | Statista. Statista; Statista.
https://www.statista.com/statistics/244995/number-of-paying-spotify-subscribers/
Universal Music Group. (2020, April 14). Music Business Worldwide.
https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/companies/universal-music-group/
University, C. M. (2021, July 15). Music Streaming Consumption Fell During COVID-19
Lockdowns - News - Carnegie Mellon University. Www.cmu.edu.
https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2021/july/music-streaming-down-during-
pandemic.html