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A Multi-process Passive Diffusion Driven
Nano Ion Filter and Brownian Motion
Battery Amplifier and Stable Storage
A Multi-process Passive Diffusion Driven Nano Ion Filter
and Brownian Motion Battery Amplifier and Stable Storage
Ion Charge Specific
Diffusion Driven Membrane
Ion Specific Channel
Diffusion Nano Tube
+
-
-
+
- + Light Driven Nano Ion Pump
Graphene Brownian
Motion Generator
Graphene
Brownian
Motors
1. Layered baFery sheets with reflecHve gap
that allows sunlight to increase molecular
moHon passively.
2. Orange arrow direcHon of light gradient to
drive passive differenHal ion charges.
OneLayerofBaFerySheet
Graphene
Brownian Ion Pump
Fluid in Battery
1. Multiple cascading
interactions that
establish a far from
equilibrium system
that drives
molecular motion
and Ion charge e.g.
chemical clock.
2. Cascade bi-
products feedback
into cascade.
3. Ion state strong
impacted of light.
Multiple new developments in physical principals allow for amplification
of energy storage through passive and chemically driven process.
Membrane ion selectivity can allow for passive diffusion driven energy
storage.
Light and heat can increase rate of Brownian motion enhancing the
diffusion gradient and driving ion charge independently (e.g. heat
differential in lightning production).
Graphene can organize in a single sheet possibly allowing for more
effective harnessing of the ratchet that can drive browning motion into
mechanical action.
Multi-process Passive Diffusion Driven Nano Ion Filter and Brownian
Motion Battery Amplifier and Stable Storage
Brief Description of Processes
Ion pumps driven by Nano properties can create ion specific
transport driving energy storage and maintaining energy with slower
decay.
Chemical cascades if appropriately directed can create a stable far
from equilibrium system in which the byproduct of one reaction
becomes the catalyst for the next step.
With sufficient complexity and properties of phase shift these
cascades can drive each other through interacting oscillatory patterns
for the life of the battery and time for needed for energy storage.
Multi-process Passive Diffusion Driven Nano Ion Filter and Brownian
Motion Battery Amplifier and Stable Storage
Brief Description of Processes
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Multiprocess passive diffusion driven nano ion filter and brownian motion battery

  • 1. A Multi-process Passive Diffusion Driven Nano Ion Filter and Brownian Motion Battery Amplifier and Stable Storage
  • 2. A Multi-process Passive Diffusion Driven Nano Ion Filter and Brownian Motion Battery Amplifier and Stable Storage Ion Charge Specific Diffusion Driven Membrane Ion Specific Channel Diffusion Nano Tube + - - + - + Light Driven Nano Ion Pump Graphene Brownian Motion Generator Graphene Brownian Motors 1. Layered baFery sheets with reflecHve gap that allows sunlight to increase molecular moHon passively. 2. Orange arrow direcHon of light gradient to drive passive differenHal ion charges. OneLayerofBaFerySheet Graphene Brownian Ion Pump Fluid in Battery 1. Multiple cascading interactions that establish a far from equilibrium system that drives molecular motion and Ion charge e.g. chemical clock. 2. Cascade bi- products feedback into cascade. 3. Ion state strong impacted of light.
  • 3. Multiple new developments in physical principals allow for amplification of energy storage through passive and chemically driven process. Membrane ion selectivity can allow for passive diffusion driven energy storage. Light and heat can increase rate of Brownian motion enhancing the diffusion gradient and driving ion charge independently (e.g. heat differential in lightning production). Graphene can organize in a single sheet possibly allowing for more effective harnessing of the ratchet that can drive browning motion into mechanical action. Multi-process Passive Diffusion Driven Nano Ion Filter and Brownian Motion Battery Amplifier and Stable Storage Brief Description of Processes
  • 4. Ion pumps driven by Nano properties can create ion specific transport driving energy storage and maintaining energy with slower decay. Chemical cascades if appropriately directed can create a stable far from equilibrium system in which the byproduct of one reaction becomes the catalyst for the next step. With sufficient complexity and properties of phase shift these cascades can drive each other through interacting oscillatory patterns for the life of the battery and time for needed for energy storage. Multi-process Passive Diffusion Driven Nano Ion Filter and Brownian Motion Battery Amplifier and Stable Storage Brief Description of Processes
  • 5. Kucinskis, G., Bajars, G., & Kleperis, J. (2013). Graphene in lithium ion battery cathode materials: A review. Journal of Power Sources, 240, 66e79. Liu, X., Liu, H., Peng, X., Qi, G., & Luo, J. (2019). Porous Mn-doped FeP/Co3 (PO4) 2 Nanosheet Arrays as an efficient Electrocatalyst for pH-Universal Overall Water Splitting. ChemSusChem. Sharma, A., Tyagi, V. V., Chen, C. R., & Buddhi, D. (2009). Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications. Renewable and Sustainable energy reviews, 13(2), 318-345. Ackerman, M. L., Kumar, P., Neek-Amal, M., Thibado, P. M., Peeters, F. M., & Singh, S. (2016). Anomalous dynamical behavior of freestanding graphene membranes. Physical review letters, 117(12), 126801. Thibado, P., Kumar, P., Singh, S., Ruiz Garcia, M., Lasanta, A., & Bonilla, L. (2019). Organized Brownian Motion in Freestanding Graphene: A New Type of Thermal Motion. Bulletin of the American Physical Society. Fornasiero, F., Park, H. G., Holt, J. K., Stadermann, M., Grigoropoulos, C. P., Noy, A., & Bakajin, O. (2008). Ion exclusion by sub-2-nm carbon nanotube pores. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(45), 17250-17255. Fornasiero, F., In, J. B., Kim, S., Park, H. G., Wang, Y., Grigoropoulos, C. P., ... & Bakajin, O. (2010). pH- tunable ion selectivity in carbon nanotube pores. Langmuir, 26(18), 14848-14853. Fornasiero, F., In, J. B., Kim, S., Park, H. G., Wang, Y., Grigoropoulos, C. P., ... & Bakajin, O. (2010). pH- tunable ion selectivity in carbon nanotube pores. Langmuir, 26(18), 14848-14853. Tunuguntla, R. H., Henley, R. Y., Yao, Y. C., Pham, T. A., Wanunu, M., & Noy, A. (2017). Enhanced water permeability and tunable ion selectivity in subnanometer carbon nanotube porins. Science, 357(6353), 792-796.
  • 6. Huang, H., Ying, Y., & Peng, X. (2014). Graphene oxide nanosheet: an emerging star material for novel separation membranes. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(34), 13772-13782. Tian, J., Liu, Q., Asiri, A. M., Al-Youbi, A. O., & Sun, X. (2013). Ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride nanosheet: a highly efficient fluorosensor for rapid, ultrasensitive detection of Cu2+. Analytical chemistry, 85(11), 5595- 5599. Gahlot, S., Sharma, P. P., Gupta, H., Kulshrestha, V., & Jha, P. K. (2014). Preparation of graphene oxide nano- composite ion-exchange membranes for desalination application. RSC Advances, 4(47), 24662-24670. Wu, C., Bai, H., Lv, Y., Lv, Z., Xiang, Y., & Lu, S. (2017). Enhanced membrane ion selectivity by incorporating graphene oxide nanosheet for vanadium redox flow battery application. Electrochimica Acta, 248, 454-461. Kang, Y., Zhang, Z., Shi, H., Zhang, J., Liang, L., Wang, Q., ... & Tu, Y. (2014). Na+ and K+ ion selectivity by size- controlled biomimetic graphene nanopores. Nanoscale, 6(18), 10666-10672. Sun, P., Zhu, M., Wang, K., Zhong, M., Wei, J., Wu, D., ... & Zhu, H. (2012). Selective ion penetration of graphene oxide membranes. ACS nano, 7(1), 428- 437. Huang, H., Ying, Y., & Peng, X. (2014). Graphene oxide nanosheet: an emerging star material for novel separation membranes. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(34), 13772-13782. Mahmoud, K. A., Mansoor, B., Mansour, A., & Khraisheh, M. (2015). Functional graphene nanosheets: The next generation membranes for water desalination. Desalination, 356, 208-225. Sun, P., Ma, R., Ma, W., Wu, J., Wang, K., Sasaki, T., & Zhu, H. (2016). Highly selective charge-guided ion transport through a hybrid membrane consisting of anionic graphene oxide and cationic hydroxide nanosheet superlattice units. NPG Asia Materials, 8(4), e259.
  • 7. Sun, P., Ma, R., Deng, H., Song, Z., Zhen, Z., Wang, K., ... & Zhu, H. (2016). Intrinsic high water/ion selectivity of graphene oxide lamellar membranes in concentration gradient-driven diffusion. Chemical science, 7(12), 6988-6994. Xu, L., Shi, H., Feng, H., & Wang, J. (2012). The energy pump and the origin of the non-equilibrium flux of the dynamical systems and the networks. The Journal of chemical physics, 136(16), 04B621. Epstein, I. R. (2014). Coupled chemical oscillators and emergent system properties. Chemical Communications, 50(74), 10758-10767. Călugăru, D., Totz, J. F., Martens, E. A., & Engel, H. (2018). First-order synchronization transition in a large population of relaxation oscillators. arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.04727. Horváth, J. (2014). Sustained large-amplitude chemomechanical oscillations induced by the Landolt clock reaction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 118(29), 8891-8900. Lloyd, D. (2009). Oscillations, synchrony and deterministic chaos. In Progress in Botany (pp. 69-91). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Qi, X. J., Lu, C. H., Liu, X., Shimron, S., Yang, H. H., & Willner, I. (2013). Autonomous control of interfacial electron transfer and the activation of DNA machines by an oscillatory pH system. Nano letters, 13(10), 4920-4924. Schmidt, L., Schönleber, K., Krischer, K., & García- Morales, V. (2014). Coexistence of synchrony and incoherence in oscillatory media under nonlinear global coupling. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, 24(1), 013102. Chen, T. (2016). Echo Phenomena in Populations of Chemical Oscillators. West Virginia University. Kao, Y. H., Tang, M., Meethong, N., Bai, J., Carter, W. C., & Chiang, Y. M. (2010). Overpotential-dependent phase transformation pathways in lithium iron phosphate battery electrodes. Chemistry of Materials, 22(21), 5845-5855. Cervellati, R., & Soldà, R. (2001). An alternating voltage battery with two salt-water oscillators. American Journal of Physics, 69(5), 543-545.
  • 8. Pan, H., Hu, Y. S., & Chen, L. (2013). Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage. Energy & Environmental Science, 6(8), 2338-2360. Tsong, T. Y., & Chang, C. H. (2003). Ion pump as Brownian motor: theory of electroconformational coupling and proof of ratchet mechanism for Na, K-ATPase action. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 321(1-2), 124-138. Ait-Haddou, R., & Herzog, W. (2003). Brownian ratchet models of molecular motors. Cell biochemistry and biophysics, 38(2), 191-213. Cole, D., Bending, S., Savel'Ev, S., Grigorenko, A., Tamegai, T., & Nori, F. (2006). Ratchet without spatial asymmetry for controlling the motion of magnetic flux quanta using time-asymmetric drives. Nature Materials, 5(4), 305. Astumian, R. D., & Derényi, I. (1998). Fluctuation driven transport and models of molecular motors and pumps. European biophysics journal, 27(5), 474-489. Bleil, S., Reimann, P., & Bechinger, C. (2007). Directing Brownian motion by oscillating barriers. Physical Review E, 75(3), 031117. Hänggi, P., & Marchesoni, F. (2009). Artificial Brownian motors: Controlling transport on the nanoscale. Reviews of Modern Physics, 81(1), 387. Tsong, T. Y., & Chang, C. H. (2003). Catalytic wheel, Brownian motor, and biological energy transduction. AAPPS Bulletin, 13(2), 12-18. Astumian, R. D. (2000). The role of thermal activation in motion and force generation by molecular motors. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 355(1396), 511-522. Astumian, R. D. (2007). Design principles for Brownian molecular machines: how to swim in molasses and walk in a hurricane. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 9(37), 5067-5083. Siwy, Z., & Fuliński, A. (2002). Fabrication of a synthetic nanopore ion pump. Physical Review Letters, 89(19), 198103.
  • 9. Gomez-Marin, A., & Sancho, J. M. (2009). Two-state flashing molecular pump. EPL (Europhysics Letters), 86(4), 40002. Sendiña-Nadal, I., Alonso, S., Pérez-Muñuzuri, V., Gómez-Gesteira, M., Pérez-Villar, V., Ramírez-Piscina, L., ... & Sagués, F. (2000). Brownian motion of spiral waves driven by spatiotemporal structured noise. Physical review letters, 84(12), 2734. Folli, V., & Conti, C. (2010). Frustrated brownian motion of nonlocal solitary waves. Physical review letters, 104(19), 193901. Lalley, S. P., & Sellke, T. (1987). A conditional limit theorem for the frontier of a branching Brownian motion. The Annals of Probability, 15(3), 1052-1061. De Gennes, P. G., & Leger, L. (1982). Dynamics of entangled polymer chains. Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, 33(1), 49-61. Salger, T., Kling, S., Hecking, T., Geckeler, C., Morales- Molina, L., & Weitz, M. (2009). Directed transport of atoms in a Hamiltonian quantum ratchet. Science, 326(5957), 1241-1243. Ethier, S. N., & Lee, J. (2019). The tilted flashing Brownian ratchet. Fluctuation and Noise Letters, 18(01), 1950005.