1) The document discusses the multiple allele system of ABO blood types, which has 3 alleles - IA, IB, and i. 2) IA and IB are codominant alleles that determine the A and B antigens, while ii is a recessive allele that does not produce any antigens. 3) The different combinations of these alleles determine the 4 blood types: IAIA and IAi produce type A blood; IBIB and IBi produce type B; IAIB produces type AB; and ii produces type O.

1. Multiple alleles
2
ABO 3
IA , IB i)

2. Multiple alleles
2
ABO 3
IA IB i
2
F.
Bernstein)
ABO
ABO
16.3 ABO
IAIA IAi A
IBIB IBi B
IA IB AB

3. Ii O
ABO
3 IA IB i
2 1
multiple alleles)
Multiple
alleles

4. -
2
multiple alleles) A 3 A1,
A2 A3
p, q r p+q+r = 1

5. ABO
2
ABO
3 IA IB
i IA= p , IB= q
i= r p+q+r= 1
p+q+r)2

6. IA, IB, i

7. ABO IA , IB i
1) IAi x IB IB
IA IB : IB i
=1 : 1
AB : B
= 1 : 1
2) IAi x ii
IAi : ii
=1 : 1
A:O
= 1 : 1
http://www.thaigoodview.com/library/contest2552/type2/science04/27/contents/genetics-
198a.html

8. R1 = , R2 =
R1 R2
R1 R1 = R2R2 =
R1R2 = Roan (
1:2:1
ABO
IA = A
IB = B

9. i = A B
IA IB
A
B
IAIA = A A
IBIB = A B
IAIB = A AB
ii = i
O
5
12
13
23

10. http://www.thaigoodview.com/library/contest2552/type2/science04/27/contents/genetics-
198a.html
http://www.sahavicha.com/?name=knowledge&file=readknowledge&id=730

11. http://www.biology.science.cmu.ac.th/lectures/202231/PopGen_MultiAllele.html
-